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11Scientific Journal Impact Factor
IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE
ARAL AREA
Kdirbaeva Gulan Utebayevna
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Land Cadastre and Land Use Nukus branch of Tashkent State University
The content of the article describes the analytical work to increase the productivity of land using scientifically based theories and experiments to improve the condition of agricultural lands using the potential of the Aral Sea. By studying the problems along the island, we will be able to determine the composition of the land used for agriculture. The presence of factors affecting soil fertility leads to an increase in agricultural production. Unlike normal land, the negative impact of harmful substances on the land along the Aral Sea also accelerates the deterioration of the land. The article contains scientific views aimed at solving these problems on the basis of an integrated system.
Keywords: Aral Sea potential, agriculture, science-based theories, experiments, land fertility, agricultural products, harmful substances, negative impact, integrated system, scientific views.
В содержании статьи описывается аналитическая работа по повышению продуктивности земель с использованием научно обоснованных теорий и экспериментов по улучшению состояния сельскохозяйственных земель с использованием потенциала Аральского моря. Изучая проблемы на острове, мы сможем определить состав земель, используемых для сельского хозяйства. Наличие факторов, влияющих на плодородие почвы, приводит к увеличению сельскохозяйственного производства. В отличие от нормальной земли, негативное воздействие вредных веществ на землю вдоль Аральского моря также ускоряет ухудшение состояния суши. В статье представлены научные взгляды, направленные на решение этих проблем на основе единой системы.
Ключевые слова: потенциал Аральского моря, сельское хозяйство, научно обоснованные теории, эксперименты, плодородие земель, сельскохозяйственная продукция, вредные вещества, негативное воздействие, интегрированная система, научные взгляды.
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
Scientific Journal Impact Factor
INTRODUCTION
The process of industrialization, which provides economic growth in our country, leads to the decline of land or its fertility. In particular, industrial wastes in some regions of the country, mulberries of various harmful substances reduce the fertility of the land and reduce the volume of agricultural products. This will lead to a decline in the current rapidly growing consumption rate.
In the current process of globalization, the role of each resource is very important, because a sharp increase in population will lead to an increase in their consumption. In turn, population growth will increase the demand for housing. This will lead to a reduction in the area under agricultural crops and will also increase the productivity of the available land. This is a topical issue today, which means that the production of the products that the population needs will depend on improving the composition of the land.
Main part: Implemented by the Center for Agricultural Research in Drought Regions with the financial support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in the framework of the Central Asian Desert Initiative . The main goal of the project is to solve problems related to the assessment of water resources and natural resources, as well as ecosystem services.
This article is about the agricultural lands of the Republic of Karakalpakstan by regions, and one of its main objectives is to find a systematic solution to the problems that arise in the Aral Sea region.
One of the factors determining the economic potential of any country is its surface products. The increase in the volume of surface products depends on the condition of the earth, that is, the state of the earth. Banotet is an indicator of the productivity of the area.
Let's take a practical look at what needs to be done to rehabilitate the inefficient part of the lands around the Aral Sea in Karakalpakstan. The geographical location of the area can be seen in the figure below. (Figure 1)
Scientific Journal Impact Factor
Figure 1. Geographical view of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
The location of the area also poses a number of problems, including:
- The location of the area in the northwestern part of the region makes it very cold in winter;
- Water shortages in the region cause problems with irrigation of agricultural products;
- the abundance of desert areas leads to hot weather in summer, which leads to the destruction of agricultural crops in hot weather;
- Lack of export-oriented products, despite the fact that the region has favorable opportunities for foreign trade with neighboring countries;
METHODOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev "On urgent measures for the efficient use of water resources and land reclamation in the Republic of Karakalpakstan" dated December 5, 2020 Resolution PQ-4912 indicates that these actions are at the state level. The resolution outlines measures to address the region's problems.
The Republic of Karakalpakstan is taking consistent measures to develop irrigation and improve the reclamation of irrigated lands. As a result, over the past three years, the water supply of more than 47,000 hectares has been improved, the area of strong and moderate salinity has been reduced by 11.2 thousand hectares, and the reclamation of more than 140,000 hectares has been maintained.
Forecast indicators for the repair and rehabilitation of irrigation systems in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2021-2023 at the expense of local budgets:
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
T/r Naming of events Unit of measure Total including:
2021- y 2022-yil 2023-y
Total for the Republic of Karakalpakstan
1. Repair and rehabilitation of irrigation systems km 2 246,2 682,8 745,9 817,5
2. Repair and restoration of hydraulic structures (water intake facilities, culverts, aqueducts, hydro posts, etc.) dona 3 803 857 1 253 1 693
3. Repair of pumping stations dona 509 170 167 172
In Moynak district
1. Repair and rehabilitation of irrigation systems km 72,0 20,0 25,0 27,0
2. Repair and restoration of hydraulic structures (water intake facilities, culverts, aqueducts, hydro posts, etc.) dona 62 15 19 28
3. Repair of pumping stations dona 13 4 4 5
In Ellikkala district
1. Repair and rehabilitation of irrigation systems km 244,9 79,3 81,3 84,3
2. Repair and restoration of hydraulic structures (water intake facilities, culverts, aqueducts, hydro posts, etc.) dona 450 103 141 206
3. Repair of pumping stations dona 22 8 7 7
This table shows the cost of repairing irrigation systems because water is a key factor in improving the condition of the land. Water is also needed to wash away the saline part of the earth.
Forecast indicators for the transfer of pumping stations and irrigation canals of the Republic of Karakalpakstan to the private sector in 2021-2023 on the basis of public-private partnership.
T/r Districts Total projects including:
2021year 2022year 2023year
1. Amudaryo 3 1 1 1
2. Qo'ng'irot 2 1 1
683
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
3. To'rtko'l 2 1 1
4. Nukus 2 1 1
5. Moynak 1 1
7. Ellikkala 3 1 1 1
The region's agriculture is mainly. cotton, grain (rice and wheat) and livestock (meat, milk, astrakhan). Cotton accounts for 22.4% of the gross agricultural output, grain crops for 22.1% and livestock products for 36.4%. In 2004, the total sown area was 251.2 thousand hectares, including 92.9 thousand hectares of grain crops and 102.9 thousand hectares of cotton. Vegetables and melons were planted on 13,000 hectares, and fodder crops on 34,200 hectares.
Livestock specializes mainly in meat and dairy production. In 2005, 437.7 thousand cattle, 539.9 thousand sheep and goats, 844.7 thousand poultry and 15.8 thousand horses were raised in all categories of farms.
In 2019, more than 731.9 thousand tons of fruits and vegetables worth 572.4 million tons of agricultural products will be produced in the country with the rational use of water resources. Exports in US dollars amounted to 58.0%.1
Today, these exports account for 6.1% of Uzbekistan's exports in value terms, which is 1.6 times more than Uzbekistan's long-standing main export, cotton.
Results: Agricultural production in the country accounts for 32% of GDP, more than 27% of the able-bodied population work in this sector. Agriculture can also be one of the key drivers of a country's economic growth in the context of public policy. Effective implementation of this policy will increase the volume of agricultural exports and incomes of farmers and agricultural organizations, create thousands of new jobs in rural areas. Living standards will rise, a number of food items will become cheaper for the population, and the country will be able to provide reliable food security.
CONCLUSION
The functions of government agencies in the field of agriculture are mainly focused on the management of production processes, and some of them can be transferred to the private sector.
In order to develop agriculture, it is necessary to reconsider the amount of budget funds allocated for government programs and services in the following areas and to improve the financing system:
1 www.statistika.uz Based on data from the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2021.
684
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- protection of the environment, increase of soil fertility and introduction of water-saving technologies;
- food safety, animal disease control, veterinary and phytosanitary services;
- support for various forms of associations (cooperatives, clusters, production associations);
- Improving the system of statistical data collection and monitoring of agricultural markets, development of market and transport and logistics infrastructure;
REFERENCES:
1. www.lex.uz Resolution No. PP-4912 of December 5, 2020 "On urgent measures to improve the efficient use of water resources and land reclamation in the Republic of Karakalpakstan."
2. www.statistika.uz Based on data from the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2021.
3. www.statistika.uz Data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2019.
4. www.worldbanking.com The site was analyzed by the author and statistics were developed.
5. Tolstov S.P., On the ancient deltas of Oksa and Yaksarta, M., 1962; Kamalov S.K., Karakalpaki in the XVIII - XIX centuries. (K istorii vzaimootnosheniy s Rossiyey i sredne-aziatskimi xanstvami), T., 1968;
6. Nurmukhammedov M.K., Zhdanko T.A., Kamalov S.K., Karakalpaki. Kratkiyocherk istorii s drevneyshix vremen do nashix dney, T., 1971;
7. Nurmuxammedov MK, Anthology of Karakalpak Poetry, T., 1968.
8. Dehkanov S., Kudratov T., Agricultural statistics. Textbook. - T, 2003.
