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РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ГОРОДА
Bekenov A.M., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Business Consultant Usharova T. Yu., Master of Economics, Business Consultant Kravets E. A., Director of Sole Proprietor Kravets E. A., Inventor Omarov M.S., Candidate of Technical Sciences (PhD), Professor
Innovative University of Eurasia I.E. Kravets, Coaching Consultant Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan IMPROVEMENT OF RESTRAINING CAR DEVICES
Summary: The article summarizes the results of a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of innovation in the field ofpassive safety ofpassengers and drivers in automobile transport.
There are preliminary results of the marketing research to test product innovations - the six-point restraint system which can significantly improve the safety level of passenger transportation and significantly reduce injuries in road traffic accidents.
Key words: seat belts of inertial and non-inertial type, crash tests.
One of the factors for sustainable economic growth of a state, region or company is the continuous development of innovative processes and their effective management. Innovation processes are also an essential anti-crisis factor due to the creation of new jobs, formation of supply and demand for innovative types of goods, works and services, and some positive cash flow dynamics.
Currently, many states have strategies of innovation and industrial development which have been formed and are being implemented. The global economic space within the WTO has a ranking of the countries in terms of innovation. However, the issue of the nature and role of innovation processes is poorly understood in the social, political, moral, technological and other aspects.
In the research, there were theoretical and field methods used. The results of the retrospective analysis suggest that innovative processes in the automotive industry are significantly ahead of the innovation processes in the creation of more effective means of passive passenger safety (in the broad sense - seat belts).
For the first time, seat belts were proposed to use by an English inventor George Cayley in the early XIX.
In 1885, the first patent for a similar product innovation was issued in the United States. Then there was a series of patented two-point (hip, waist, shoulder) seat belts. Use of two-point seat belts led to the conclusion of the negative factors affecting the health of passengers ("two-point seat belt syndrome"). For example, the waist belts can cause misalignment of the vertebrae and paralysis. Therefore, in the 80-s, almost all countries revised safety rules and introduced the requirement to equip all seats in the passenger compartment of the car with three-point safety belts. For example, from 01/03/2007, all cars made in the US have been equipped with three-point belts.
In 1903, Louis Reno invented and patented a five-point seat belt. However, due to a number of negative factors that hamper the ease of use for drivers and passengers, this invention has not found application in the production and sales.
In 1959, Nils Bohlin (Swedish engineer of Volvo Car Company) invented and patented a three-point safety belt, which was first used in the production of VolvoPV-544 car in the same year. This type of belt has been widely used as more efficient means of passive passenger safety in comparison with the two-point belt.
Three-point safety belt is a single segment of the belt combining the shoulder and waist belts. According to the results of the annual testing, Bohlin concluded that the best option of three-point belt ensuring passive safety of the passengers is the belt stretched over the shoulder to the hip, which shall be strapped with one hand.
Legislative and regulatory legal acts requiring the use of seat belts for the first time in the world were adopted in Sweden (1957), Wisconsin, USA (1961), the Republic of the Ivory Coast (1961), France (1970). Currently, all countries have adopted legislative and regulatory documents obliging to use seat belts, including the standards governing the quality parameters. According to these documents, three-point seat belts of inertial and non-inertial type are allowed for use. Of course, this type of belts, ensuring passive safety of passengers, has proved its advantages in comparison with the two-point belts.
Official statistics [1] suggest that about 70% of saving lives in car accidents is provided exactly by this type of seat belts. The use of the three-point seat belt reduces the risk of driver's death:
- In a frontal (head-on) crash - two to three times
- In a side crash - nearly twice;
- In a rollover - five times (belts avoid bumps on the inside of the car, fixing the position of the driver and passengers).
The use of three-point seat belts reduces the probability of death and serious injury for passengers:
- Front seat - by 40-50%;
- Rear seat - by 25%.
However, multiple crash tests conducted by experts at various levels, lead to the conclusion that the current three-point safety belts has a number of problems that require the application of innovative technologies in order to improve safety of the driver and passengers in a frontal crash and multiple rollovers, to optimize their use. We need innovative technological solutions of dampening issues, the optimal level of flexibility and load balancing.
The solution of these issues to a certain extent is contributed by an innovation - a three-point restraining device for children [2].
Now there are research and development works on the creation of a universal six-point restraint. The work is being arranged for its testing, execution of technical documentation and obtaining national and international patents; a commercialization strategy on the above innovation product is being developed [3].
There has been a local marketing research conducted in order to explore the potential consumer demand for this type of product. The research was conducted on
a local vehicle test track and its results do not claim to be representative.
The field research was based on the formation of the sample population, including 515 people of different age and gender groups, taking into account a number of anatomical abilities. The research respondents answered the questionnaire on the basis of subjective personal assessments of the proposed six-point restraint.
The results of the pilot sample of the universal restraint, reflecting the level of passenger satisfaction in comparison with the permitted three-point restraints, are as follows:
- Security - 83.5%;
- Comfort - 78.2%;
- Ease of use - 74.4%.
A preliminary calculation of the economic costs for production and sales of this innovative product allows us to conclude that its potential retail price is more than eight times lower than the prices on the already sold restraints by a number of manufacturers.
Currently, there is an intensive work conducted on the improvement of the patented prototype and creation of new restraint options.
Sources cited
1. http: //womanadvice.ru/detskie-uderzhivayushchie-ustroystva-v-avtomobil#ixzz4GAHiXkeD
2. Ye.A. Kravets. Innovation patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No.30894 for invention of Child Restraints. Application No.2015/0366.1 of 16/03/2015
3. Ye.A. Kravets, M.S. Omarov and colleagues. Kea Evolution Isofix universal car restraining device. Theory and practice of modern science: electronic applied science edition. International applied science journal. - Saratov: Institute of Management and Social Economic Development. 2016.
4. http://modern-i.ru/domains data/files/14/Kravec%20E.A.%20(Razvitie%20sovremennogo%20g oroda).pdf
Kravets E.A., Director of IE "Kravets E.A.", inventor Omarov M.S., Candidate of Technical Sciences (PhD), Professor
Innovative University of Eurasia Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan Bekenov A.M., Candidate of Economic Sciences, business advisor
Kravets I.E., coach advisor
GENERAL-PURPOSE AUTOMOBILE RESTRAINING DEVICE "KEA ISOFIX EVOLUTION"
Abstract. As the result of the analysis of world famous restraining devices design for transporting people by motor vehicles, a new design of a seat belt fixed to the body of a car and a new scheme of fastening a passenger by seat belts are offered.
