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Section 6. Materials science
зондовых, так и традиционных технологии имплантации. В случае применения итерационного легирования, представляющего собой последовательность имплантаций с уменьшающей дозой внедряемой
примеси, возможно достижение проектных характеристик механической части МЭМС более простыми технологическими, а не схемотехническими средствами, как это имеет место в настоящее время.
Список литературы:
1. Vu Van Hung, Phan Thi Thah Hong. Boron and phosphorus diffusion in silicon: pressure dependence/Proc/Natl. Conf. Phys. 36 (2011), h/h/154-158
2. X. Gonze, J.-M. Beuken, R. Caracas, F. Detraux, M. Fuchs, G.-M. Rignanese, L. Sindic, M. Verstraete, G. Zerah, F. Jollet, M. Torrent, A. Roy, M. Mikami, Ph. Ghosez, J.-Y. Raty, D. C. Allan, “First principles computation of material properties: the ABINIT software project", Computational Materials Science, 25, 478, (2002).
3. M. C. Payne, M. P. Teter, D. C. Allan, T. A. Arias, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Iterative minimization techniques for ab-initio total energy calculations: molecular dynamics and conjugate gradients”, Review of Modern Physics, 64, 1045 (1992).
Yusubaliev Ashirbay, Tashkent state agrarian university, The head of the scientific project E-mail: ashir-el@mail.ru Yusupalieva Umida, The Tashkent institute textile and light industry,
postgraduate student
Improvement of quality of a cotton fibre Sorting cotton segments in the electric device
Abstract: The article discusses the increase of cotton fiber quality by sorting cotton segments source of raw cotton in the electric device. The data of the study results in the techno-logical properties of the fibers division of fractions.
Keywords: Cotton segments, fiber, quality, sorting, electric device.
Formation and maturing ofboxes ofa cotton happens on original cones on fruit branches of a plant at various times. The first, in more favorable conditions in comparison with peripheral, boxes of the internal zone including first and second places I-III of cones develop. They are formed in higher viability of the plant possessing the big stock of nutrients [1,73-121]. Formation of boxes of peripheral cones of a bush of a cotton goes at weakening ability to live of a growing old plant and under the worst external conditions. During this period ability of a plant to absorb nutritious mineral substances from soil that leaves a sharp mark on quality of seeds and a fibre decreases. As have shown researches [2, 9-17], such distinction in development of boxes leads to formation of seeds and fibers at which weight, durability and a maturity decrease from below upwards on the main stalk and from the centre to periphery on branches of a bush of a cotton.
Even within one segment ripen fibrs on seeds which are located more close to a fruit branch faster. The fibres
growing on the stupid end of a seed, usually happen more long, but less strong and mature. Thus, boxes and seeds containing in them differ from each other on degree of a maturity of fibres. Therefore the initial cotton-raw always consists from cotton segments, seeds differing on quality and a fibre. After direct processing of such cotton the textile enterprises receive the raw materials containing non-uniform on length, a maturity and explosive loading of a fibre that reduces quality of a yarn received from it [3, 39]. Usually the yarn of high quality is made from fibres with high physical-mechanical indicators. Therefore research of possibility of improvement of quality of a cotton fibre on properties, in particular, on a maturity, is an actual problem.
Manufacture of the competitive production focused for export, in many respects depends on technology of processing of an initial cotton-raw in the cotton clearing industries. It should promote improvement of quality of the fibre received from available raw materials,
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Секция 6. Материаловедение
and made production in the textile industry in a consequence. It should promote in a consequence to improvement of quality of the fibre received from available raw materials, and made production in the textile industry.
For improvement of quality of a yarn level separate indicators of properties of a fibre so for example, will sort fibres on their length, i. e. reduce non-uniformity on length and accordingly receive a better quality yarn. Reaching high uniformity of fibres on length, it is necessary to pay attention as well to non-uniformity on degree of their maturity. If it is high a better quality yarn to spin it is impossible, since explosive loading of a yarn depends on a fibre maturity. Non-uniform fibres on a maturity will cause development of a yarn with high non-uniformity on explosive loading, that certainly reduces its quality. Therefore scientific works in which possibilities of alignment of degree of a maturity of a cotton fibre are investigated are conducted. On the other hand, a complex indicator micronery and explosive loading of the fibre, making essential impact on quality of a yarn, is a fibre maturity. Hence, reducing non-uniformity on degree of a maturity of cotton fibres, it is possible to reach manufactures of a yarn of the improved quality.
By earlier spent researches [4, 8-20] it has been established, that degree of fibre maturity has a close connection with weight cotton segments. Therefore it has been solved for improvement of quality of a cotton fibre and therefore quality of a yarn, at first to sort летучки an initial cotton-raw on their weight in the electric sorting device on various fractions, and then to make branch of a fibre from seeds of different fractions separately.
The special device [5] has been developed for realiza-
tion of the technology set forth above, the basic which working body is the dielectric reel. Feature of the device is placing differently polarity electrodes in parallel forming the cylinder. It provides branch from each other linked cotton segments under the influence of shock force of running rough nesses of the rotating worker of body that promotes increase of accuracy of division on elasticity of fibres. Exits of electrodes of various polarity by means of special contact rings are connected to clips of a high-voltage source. The high voltage size changes depending on properties of a cotton a regulator from a low voltage of the raising transformer.
Experiment on sorting out segments cotton-raw of II-industrial grade (selection grade С-4880) on degree of a maturity of fibres was spent on installation at pressure of electrodes 4000 V. Defines average weights cotton segments and indicators of a maturity of a cotton fibre on the sorted groups. The fibre maturity is defined in polarized light.
The weight cotton segments an initial material on scales ВТ-500, then weight cotton segments in fractions was at first defined. After removal of a fibrous layer the weight of a downy seed and a fibre was defined. Results of studying of indicators of a fibre of various fractions of division cotton segments are presented in the table.
In first (I) fraction there were the heaviest and large cotton segments, average weight (161,75 mg) which on 28 mg more than average weight cotton segments II-frac-tions and on 70 mg of an indicator of IV-fraction (tab.). A deviation of weight 1000 cotton segments I fractions from weight initial more than weight change cotton segments II — IV-fractions.
Table 1. - Results of division segments cotton in the electric device (Selection grade С-4880)
Indicator Initial Fractions
I II l—1 l—1 l—1 IV
Exit cotton segments,% 100,0 32,0 46,0 8,0 14,0
Weight 1000 cotton segments, g 140,12 161,75 133,44 126,89 90,06
Deviation from initial, g - +21,58 -6,68 -12,93 -50,08
LED0Q5 +16,25 + 16,25
Weight of 1000 seeds, g 85,02 100,60 80,87 77,93 52,55
Deviation from initial, g - + 15,58 -4,19 -7,09 -32,47
LED0Q5 +10,98 + 10,98
Weight of fibres 1000 cotton segments, g 55,87 61,60 52,59 49,28 37,49
Deviation from initial, g - +5,73 -3,28 -6,59 -18,38
LED005 +6,39 +6,39
Fibre exit 39,32 37,81 39,10 38,73 41,65
Explosive loading, gf 2,7 3,4 3,2 2,7 2,3
Maturity factor 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,2
Grade of a cotton fibre V l—1 l—1 l—1 IV V VI
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Section 6. Materials science
The weight allocated of cotton segments 1000 downy seeds decreases from I- to IV-fraction with 100,60 to 52,55 г, and they essentially differ from weight of initial seeds. And, as a part of IV-fraction are available to 30% of immature and puny seeds with individual weight within 17 ... 44 mg whereas as a part of I- and II-fractions of such seeds it was revealed not.
The weight of the fibre separated from seeds, has essentially decreased in III- and IV-fractions. Mass indicators cotton segments II- and III-fractions were very close, and at II-fraction their difference has not exceeded size of the least essential difference (LED). If the initial cotton-raw on technological properties corresponded to II-industrial grade after division in I-fTaction are allocated cotton segments, corresponding to I industrial grade.
Studying of technological properties cotton segments, received as a result of division into cotton fractions in the electric device testifies to accurate decrease in quality of fibres from the first fraction to the fourth.
Studying of technological properties of cotton fibres has shown, that cotton segments fractions essentially differ from each other. In particular, at explosive loading of initial fibres 2,7 г, this indicator has made at fibres of I fraction 3,4 г and it to IV fraction has decreased till 2,3 Such change speaks decrease in a maturity of cotton fibres to what decrease in factor of a maturity of fibres of fractions with 1,6 to 1,2 testifies.Therefore, if the fibre of an initial cotton corresponded to V industrial grade the
fibre of I fraction corresponded to III industrial grade, II, III and IV fractions — accordingly IV, V and to VI industrial grades. If to consider, that explosive loading of a fibre is closely connected with its maturity the stated testifies to division cotton segments in the electric device on elastic properties cotton segments that will allow to receive olignmently on quality textile raw materials.
Conclusions
1. Because of features of formation of a crop of a cotton the initial cotton-raw always consists of a mix different qualitys on a maturity of seeds and a fibre, having close mutual correlation communication among themselves to qualitative signs. Therefore direct processing of such cotton leads to reception of the textile raw materials containing non-uniform on length, a maturity and explosive loading of the fibre reducing quality of the received yarn.
2. Division of an initial cotton-raw in the electric device occurs on weight cotton segments and the seeds having a close connection with a physiological maturity and explosive loading of fibres. Therefore within each fraction of the electric device are allocated cotton segments with the aligmently properties of fibres corresponding to various grades of textile raw materials.
3. Use of a fibre from best division fractions will allow to receive a yarn with high technological properties that promotes increase of competitive capacity of made production of the textile industry on a foreign market.
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