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Rakhmonova M.K.
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Turdiyeva M.M.
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF CONTROL AGAINST THE ORIENTAL FRUIT BOILER (GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA BUSCK) IN ORCHARDS OF ANDIJAN REGION
Annatatsiya. Increasing the productivity of orchards and improving the quality of fruits is one of the urgent tasks of our time. One of the main factors is to protect them from pests and diseases. More than 150 pests and diseases are known to damage orchards. Knowing the bioecology of such pests, it is very important to carry out control measures in the most vulnerable period of their existence.
Key words. garden, apple tree, insect, Lepidoptera, genus, category.
Introduction. In the decisions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Cabinet of Ministers, it was noted that in order to provide the population of the Republic with quality fruit and vegetable products and make efficient use of the orchards, special attention should be paid to the expansion of the cultivated areas of the orchards and their productivity.
Since the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan are favorable for the growth of insects harmful to orchards, various pests are observed in orchards every year. In some years, as a result of their damage, the weight and quality of the grown fruits decrease to a certain extent in all regions of our republic. Such a dangerous group of pests are fruit eaters.
Fruit borers are garden pests that reduce the productivity of apple, pear, quince, peach, cherry, plum, cherry, almond and walnut trees and spoil the quality of the fruit, sometimes making it unfit for consumption. Among them, the eastern fruit fly - (Grapholitha molesta Busck.) is an internal quarantine insect of the class Insecta, family Tortricidae of the order Lepidoptera, genus Grapholita. This pest was first identified in China and Korea and was first recognized as a pest in 1899 in Japan. It came to the territory of Uzbekistan in 1980, and now it is found that it is spread over 2577.2 ha of our Republic.
The eastern fruit borer mainly damages peaches and other seed and grain trees and their fruits. The rate of growth of peaches and other trees whose branches are damaged changes; infected fruits are not suitable for consumption.
Fig. 1. Laboratory experience of damage to young branches of the first generation of the eastern fruit borer (2020-2022).
Eastern fruit borer settles in the inner part of the fruit and gnaws its insides and seeds, making it unusable. During the damage to peach seedlings, it makes a path 12-15 cm long inside the body of the seedling, as a result, the leaves of the seedling wilt and fall off. This process slows down the growth and weakens the tree. This causes the fruits to drop and the yield to decrease by 40-50%.
The system of protection of fruit trees from the eastern fruit borer is eliminated by carrying out the following activities. Agrotechnical measures, biological control methods, chemical control methods and quarantine measures.
Figure 2. The budding process of the oriental fruit borer is also an infected
branch. (2020-2022).
It is necessary to carry out agrotechnical measures in order to fight against the eastern fruit borer. For this purpose, it is necessary to bury dead leaves in autumn, clean the tree trunk from old bark, mulch around the tree, whiten the tree trunk, install retaining belts in the gardens, and pick the unripe fruits every day. Quarantine will be announced by the state plant quarantine service in the regions
where the eastern fruit borer has been detected, and measures will be taken to prevent the pest from spreading to other regions and to eliminate it. Residents will be warned 2-3 days before treating orchards with chemical means against the oriental fruit borer, and they should take measures to protect the beehives of vegetables, rice and other crops in the garden from toxic chemicals. Treatment with chemical means should be stopped at least 30 days before harvesting, installation of retaining belts in orchards; pick and discard unripe fruits every 1-3 days; in order to destroy the fruit worm, it is advisable to carry out one chemical treatment against each of its generations.
References:
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