CC BY
10
Improved puller for cotton plant stubble
1 2 3
Tojiboev B. , Tursunov O. , Yusupov S. (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Улучшенный корчеватель для стеблей хлопчатника Тожибоев Б. М.1, Турсунов О. А.,2 Юсупов C. A.3 (Республика
Узбекистан)
1Тожибоев Бегижон Мамитжонович / Tojiboev Begijon - кандидат технических наук, доцент;
2Турсунов Ойбек Абдухалим угли / Tursunov Oybek — бакалавр систем наземного транспорта,
магистрант;
3Юсупов Саидаброр Анвар угли / Yusupov Saidabror— студент, кафедра автомобилестроения и тракторостроения, факультет машиностроения, Андижанский машиностроительный институт, г. Андижан, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: the device described in this article is different from existing ones as it can pull and bale cotton stalks. It helps to accelerate and simplify harvesting the stalks after picking cotton up. Inconsequence, it enables to sow winter wheat in early deserted fields.
Аннотация: устройство, описанное в этой статье, в отличие от существующих конструкций такого типа, даёт возможность одновременно выполнять сборку стеблей хлопчатника со связыванием их в единый узел. Это, в свою очередь, позволяет осуществлять посев озимой пшеницы в ранние сроки на очищенных от кустов хлопчатника полях открытым способом.
Keywords: cotton stalk; cotton stalk puller.
Ключевые слова: стебли хлопчатника, корчеватель стеблей хлопчатника.
Introduction.
Cleaning fields from cotton stalks after harvesting cotton is difficult arising work. Many people will be involved on daily wages in collecting, cleaning and chipping cotton stalks. Manual pulling of cotton stalks is difficult and time consuming for the manual power, which could be devoted to some other productive work [1].
Nowadays the chain type stalks chopper which is pulled by a tractor is used methods, cotton stalks and their roots were removed using deep tillage. The roots were therefore buried under the tops oil during forward movement of tractor by passing roots, whereas the remains were mixed with the soil. The disadvantages of conventional method are therefore spending more money and time to perform deep tillage [1].
If roots are not removed on time, insects will remain alive during winter and transfer to the next year. From other side regarding to the stalks kind, there are some different useful methods to use them. For example, it is possible to use them in paper and wood industry
The essence of the study.
Therefore, planning, and development are needed to develop equipments and methods to meet the requirements of stalks clearing.
In this research in order to overcome to these problems, the machine was designed by changing existing version of cotton stalk puller called Grubber-swather (see figure 1) that mechanically cuts and ties the stalks into a bundle. The number of stalks tied together will depend on the size of shock desired.
The new cotton stalk puller and binder designed for extracting cotton stalks from the ground and conveying the same to a suitable form of bundling or baling apparatus mounted on the mechanization, and operable to drop the tied bundles at suitable intervals [2].
There are some variable parameters in machine, which the level of this variation was found using theoretical methods. By changing of parameters in determined level, appropriate combination will be achieved to get the most machine efficiency [3].
The new machine was designed with four rows in one pass. Each rows has rippers that were placed in series. Distance between rippers is at the same point to cotton rows. They pluck up the cotton stalks and their roots from the soil, and three-ply cogwheel-disc followers provide the stalks
not to be scattered and collect all four row's stalks in one. A tractor with propeller shaft drives each triple of cogwheel-discs. Cogwheel-disc followers fitted to the frame as depth of discs and easily adjusted in height according to different field conditions.
Direected stalks in one row from four row come face to next part of mechanization called baling mechanism (see figure 1). Baling mechanism consists of knotter disc, knotting finger, gear wheel, twine holder, knife, needle, etc. baling mechanism also driven by a tractor with the same propeller shaft with rippers [4].
A mechanism wraps the bale with twine and ties it securely when the correct size of bale is achieved. The twine is carried on spool and fed through a curved needle that is timed to miss the cycle of the plunger. After the twine is in place, a gear mechanism called a knotter ties the knot and cuts the twine free of the supply spool. All of this motion occurs in less than two seconds. After it is tied, the bale is pushed down the bale chute and falls to the ground [5].
Fig. 1. General view of Cotton stalk grabber-swather 1 and 6 - fence; 2 - ripper; 3 - front; 4 - disc follower; 5 - frame; 7 - chain drive; 8 - gearbox; 9 - grate; 10 - directing the grate; 11 - molder
Conclusion.
Cotton stalk grabber-swather is used to pull and pile cotton stalks. In this method, cotton stalks and their roots were removed using deep tillage and stalks were gone and scattered during forward movement of tractor. After that, people must be involved in collecting and baling cotton stalks. Resulting in the study, the harvesting process of stalks and cleaning cotton fields can be accelerated and simplified after picking up cotton.
In Uzbekistan winter wheat is used to sow in cotton rows after first picking up. (because wheat should be sowed in September-October in Uzbekistan). The problem is when cotton stalks are pulled, the wheat seedlings will be putted of. As a result of it, the productivity will be decreased. Developed cotton stalk puller-baler could enable to sow winter wheat in early deserted fields.
References
1. Elnougomi A. Gadir,Taief M. Gibreel. Development of tractor operated cotton stalk puller. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 3 (3), 495-505, 2013.
2. Hunter J. A. Cotton stalk fuller and binder.US Patent. № 664, 430.
3. Mostofi Sarkari, M.R., S Minaee. Evaluation of a cotton stalk puller performance. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2 (1): 19-24, 2008.
4. [Электронный ресурс]: Adjustment of the knotter in big baler. URL:http://ebraheemseleman.bl ogspot.com/2013/07/adjustment-of-knotter-in-big-baler-1.html (дата обращения: 10.07.2016).
5. [Electronic resource]: Hay Baler Forum. URL:http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Hay-Baler.html (date of handling: 11.07.2016).
Reactive aperture to compensate for the input imaginary conductance when agreement a transmission line in the microwave range Petukhova N. (Russian Federation) Реактивная диафрагма для компенсации входной реактивной проводимости при согласовании линии передач в СВЧ диапазоне Петухова Н. А. (Российская Федерация)
Петухова Наталья Александровна /Petukhova Natalya - магистр, аспирант, кафедра проектирования и безопасности компьютерных систем, факультет информационной безопасности и компьютерных технологий, Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий,
механики и оптики, г. Санкт-Петербург
Аннотация: в статье представлен проект новой реактивной диафрагмы для обеспечения согласования линии передач в СВЧ диапазоне. Для обеспечения согласования произвольной нагрузки с линией передач вблизи от нагрузки должен быть включен согласующий четырехполюсник. В данной работе проводится исследование трансформатора проводимостей на основе отрезка запредельного волновода и компенсация его реактивной проводимости с помощью специальной реактивной диафрагмы.
Abstract: the article presents a draft of the new jet aperture for matching transmission lines in the microwave range. In order to ensure harmonization with any load transmission line in the vicinity of the load must be enabled matching four-pole. In this paper, we study the conductivities of the transformer on the basis of length of the waveguide and of limiting the compensation of its reactive conductivity using a special jet aperture.
Ключевые слова: линия передачи, СВЧ, запредельный волновод, трансформатор проводимостей, согласование, реактивная проводимость, активная проводимость, диафрагма, типы волн.
Keywords: transmission line, microwave, of limiting the waveguide, conductivities of the transformer, agreement, conductance, susceptance (imaginary) conductance, aperture, types of waves.
Для компенсации входной реактивности будем использовать реактивную диафрагму, которая размещается на стыке между трехсантиметровым и двухсантиметровым волноводами. Расчет конструкции диафрагмы выполняется с целью полного согласования двух волноводов [1, 2, 3, 4]. Для этого она должна шунтировать реактивную часть входной проводимости, а длина отрезка запредельного волновода должна быть такой, чтобы активная часть проводимости была равна единице.
Диафрагма, представляющая собой тонкую металлическую пластинку с щелями, прорезанными в ней, представлена на рисунке 1.
