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16SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
IMPORTANCE OF WRITING ESSAYS AND ITS DESCRIPTIONS
Dildora Kamoliddin kizi Sakhobiddinova
Sudent of Chirchik state pedagogical institute of Tashkent region
ABSTRACT
The essay consists of mastery of stylistic and structural techniques and knowledge of several tips on brainstorming, planning, combining information into blocks, the structure of development schemes and a number of writing strategies. The main purpose of the student essay is to convince the reader or listener of the validity of their opinion with the help of argumentation. To achieve this goal, this article describes number of techniques that can be used not only to anticipate and respond to the arguments of the opponent, but also to manage the system of written speech communications. Understanding and proper use language and structural units are the main requirements when writing student essays in English for academic purposes.
Keywords: written speech; language teaching; essay; genre of written text; essay structure; language units; structural units.
An essay is a small prose text on a specific topic, which expresses the author's personal point of view. Putting your thoughts in writing requires great skill and is sometimes difficult even for professional writers, but no one is born with the knowledge of how to put words together in the best way. In order to write at a certain level, you need not some special talent, but knowledge technical techniques. And indeed, the essay consists of possession of stylistic and structural techniques and knowledge of some tips on brainstorming, planning, combining information into blocks, the structure of development schemes and a number of writing strategies. Since the motivation of students is known to vary, many of them consider writing skills less important than other skills, some even believe that writing an essay is a waste of time. Nevertheless, this type of educational activity is an integral part of part of language learning. This is one of the most important skills that students take with them in later life. At the same time , it is also one of those skills that requires the most work to master. As a rule, written speech is more formal than spoken, accuracy is more important in it. In other words, in a written text it is required to express thoughts clearly and clearly. As Randolph Querck wrote, "... the use of written text as a means of communication, as a rule, implies the absence of the person or persons to whom the text is addressed. In this regard, much greater clarity is required: sentences must be formulated carefully and accurately, a few words accompanied by a gesture will not be enough, and the speaker will not be able to stop as soon as he understands from the words or appearance of the interlocutor that he is understood. As a consequence, since the written sentence can be
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read and re-read and, perhaps, repeatedly, slowly and carefully (unlike speech, which is, fortunately, short-lived), writing, usually anticipates criticisms and tries to put it more precisely, accurately and clearly than would do it in a speech" [Qui rk et al., 1989: 22]. And indeed, it is easier to notice mistakes in the written text that can be corrected, therefore, expressing your thoughts in writing requires considerable time.
For students, the importance of a course on writing texts for for business purposes, since it focuses on strategies and techniques for making statements, resumes, official business letters, etc., which may be important for career growth. The course on business correspondence is aimed at strengthening students' knowledge of the structure, style and form of business letters. By learning to write the most important business documents, students master the business language to the appropriate extent and get a more complete understanding of business culture. Thus, they acquire the skills of drafting documents necessary for a future career. Writing the same essay sometimes it is perceived by some students as unnecessary work, since the importance of such activities is not always clear to them. At the same time, the skills they acquire when writing an essay are necessary in any job where good knowledge of English is required. English constructions, paragraph length, etc.
In different cultures, it is customary to organize a written text in different ways. In order to write correctly in English, you need to follow a certain pattern of text development, a certain compositional structure. The text development scheme refers to different types of essays. These schemes are called genres or writing strategies. These include: narration, description, explanation with the help of concrete examples, comparison /contrast, explanation of cause-and-effect relationships, argumentation (persuasion). In addition to the restrictions imposed by these schemes, when writing an essay in English, rather strict rules regarding the structure are applied. The basic unit of organization of an essay is a paragraph consisting three parts: proposal-thesis (topic sentence), offers arguments (supporting sentences) explaining and illustrating the proposal-thesis and conclusion (concluding sentence), where the conclusion [Oshima, Hogue, 1991: 17-28; Wyrick, 1996: 54-60].
The essay consists of several paragraphs on one topic, i.e. its structure is, in fact, extremely simple. The limitations faced by the writer are due precisely to the division into paragraphs and their integral parts. If we talk about the side that is related to the content, then the division depends on the thought expressed and developed in each paragraph. The number of thoughts should correspond exactly to the number of paragraphs; moreover, a paragraph is a conceptually conditioned and idea-based structure: one idea is one paragraph. Only in this case we can talk about two other characteristics of the paragraph: unity and consistency of arguments, arguments.
Unity means that only one thought is considered in one paragraph, it is necessary to adhere to the stated topic and not go into consideration of other issues. The sequence
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of arguments suggests that all the proposals and ideas in this paragraph add up to one whole and form a clear logical thought on the stated topic. Thus, the paragraph should not be a disorderly accumulation of thoughts written in random order. On the contrary, each sentence should follow from the previous one or be related to it. In order for the essay and the paragraph to be consistent - logical, focused and unified, i.e. to be closely related to each other, it is strongly recommended to use connecting means and techniques: repetition of keywords, use of parallel structures, repetition of sentence structure and, most importantly, introductory words. Usually such means are specific words and expressions (linking sentences and parts of sentences) indicating logical relationships or contributing to the logical organization of the text. They connect one paragraph with another, a sentence or part of a sentence with others, and also indicate the type of connection between them (for example, there are specific introductory words to denote comparison/opposition, causality, conclusion, etc.) [Oshima, Hogue, 1991: 43; Williams, 1996: 100-107]. Thus, the essay should be written in accordance with a certain, well-established scheme that helps the writer to organize and logically arrange his thoughts and organize them. With the help of such a structure, it is much easier to say exactly what the author wants, because it helps him to structure his thoughts. Since an academic essay has certain formal and meaningful properties, students need to be taught to use techniques that make writing all types of essays much easier and even enjoyable. Of course, the specific structure imposes certain restrictions on the writer. Learning to write in English means not only learning what and how to do, but also what and how not to do.
At the content level, there is a clear correspondence between the paragraph and the idea. This is the main rule and at the same time the main limitation. At the level of expression, the basic rule is the division of a paragraph into its integral parts and, of course, the division of an essay into paragraphs. Consequently, the rules and restrictions are due to the clear structure of the essay and are usually intertwined.
It should also be noted that at the level of expression, the most important thing is the language, more precisely, the choice of language means and style. So, what are does an academic essay written to express one's opinion and to convince one 's listener or reader differ in linguistic and stylistic features? To answer this question, it is necessary to consider first of all the relationship between linguistic means and functional speech styles. As is known, the study of artistic and scientific texts has long revealed the peculiarities of functional styles of communication and impact [Vinogradov, 1971; Ter-Minasova, 1986; Komarova, 1996; Chak'ovskaya, 1986]. An academic essay, on the one hand, has elements of a scientific text, since it informs, informs about a problem, and therefore it has corresponding characteristic features, primarily at the lexical and syntactic levels. Consequently, when writing an essay, lexical units belonging to the general scientific register are used, for example, cliched phrases. It is not for nothing
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that lists of cliched words and expressions are attached to each textbook on writing. So, an essay writing course is a discipline in which students master techniques that are useful when creating any texts, be it a term paper, a business letter, a statement or a description. If students acquire all these skills, they will become more competent to write any texts (regardless of their type), will be able to express their thoughts easily and effectively. Understanding and correct use of linguistic and structural units are the main requirements when writing student essays in English for academic purposes.
REFERENCES
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3. Ter-Minasova S. G. Syntagmatic functional styles and optimization of teaching foreign languages. M., 1986.
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6. Oshima A., Hoag A. Writing academic English. Longman, 1991.
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8. Williams J.M. Style. Ten lessons of clarity and grace. Longman, 1996.
9. Wyrick J. Steps to writing well. Harcourt Brace College Press, 1996.
