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IMPORTANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT FOR ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION OF UNIVERSITIES WITH INDUSTRY
© Bersimbayeva A.1
L. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, Astana city
There is a strong interaction between science, production, economy of the country as a whole and education. Insufficient funding of university research, the excessive administration of educational process which does not allow responding to advances in science and technology respectively considering the changing needs of production. And for the present time there is a common trend for the governments of all the countries to support the state innovative policy. The paper considers the current situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and shows it is not different from the other countries.
Keywords: innovative economy, Kazakhstan, universities, innovation, science, industry.
In the current context of globalization and increasing competition in the world markets innovative way of economy development is increasingly important and in fact there is no alternative to each separate country in the world. The relevance of innovation development of the country is caused not only by external factors, but also internal problems including the necessity to ensure the balanced development of its cost. Economic development of the territories is also possible on the basis of innovative achievements and innovation activity in these economic entities.
At the present stage of economic development the government of almost all the developing countries maintains innovative, legal, organizational and financial support. Kazakhstan is not an exception in this regard. The government of the Republic of Kazakhstan determines the state innovation policy.
«Global Innovation Index - 2016» is published jointly by Cornell University, INSEAD business school and the World Intellectual Property Organization, and it characterizes innovative development of 128 countries in the world which are at the different levels of economic development. In this rating Kazakhstan is at the 75th position [1].
The Global Competitiveness Index 2016 by the version of World Economic Forum is composed of 12 competitiveness' pillars providing a comprehensive characteristic of countries' competitiveness at the different levels of economic development. Among the countries of the former USSR, Russia (43rd place) missed forward Estonia (24th place), Lithuania (36th place) and Latvia (34th place).
1 Department of Economics.
And in these Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum 2016-2017 in the category of «technological level» and «innovative potential» Kazakhstan is on the 56th and 59th places respectively (among 138 countries) [2].
Officially the Government of Kazakhstan set the task to increase a share of innovative active enterprises and in in his Message to the people of Kazakhstan the President Nursultan Nazarbayev stressed that an important condition for the formation of the new industries is the support of innovations and the further rapid introduction into the production. He also stresses the need to develop R&D on the basis of Nazarbayev University schools and Park of innovative technologies «Alatau» [3].
As of 2016 the share of innovative active enterprises in Kazakhstan amounted to 14 % [4]. This is extremely low, when compared with achieved level of this indicator in the developed European countries.
Thus, according to Eurostat data, the share of innovative active enterprises in Germany amounted to 66.9 % in 2014, in the UK, Sweden and France from 50 % [5].
In Kazakhstan as well as all over the world the biggest share of scientific staff is concentrated at the universities and these staff determines the development of science in the country. Therefore it is necessary to take into account an important role of universities for the formation of innovative economy in the country. Higher education plays an important role in the training of the competent and competitive specialists for all the branches of country's economy in integration of science and production.
The weak link between education, science and production is due to internal barriers between universities and research organizations meaning insufficient funding of university research, excessive control of educational process which does not allow to respond to advances in science and technology respectively considering the changing needs of production; a lack of economic incentives for businesses to invest in education, science and innovation.
Innovative Economy for education involves the creation of the structural units for scientific and design organizations at universities using their capacity in the research and enhancing the scientific activity of teachers, students and the other university faculty staff.
Formation of economy based on knowledge reflects the growing importance of knowledge for the creation of the social wealth and there is a qualitative change in the role of knowledge as it becomes a leading factor for functioning of the competitive production.
It is necessary to create the conditions for the development of integrated scientific, educational and business facilities; it will be possible if there is an interaction of political, legal, economic and socio-cultural factors. Organizational-economic mechanism for functioning of the cluster of science, education and industry is a
complex of the concrete forms and methods of management which is provided by the process of competitive, innovative and socio-economic development.
Management of higher education plays an important role in the training of the competent and competitive specialists for all the branches of country's economy within integration of science and production [6].
Improving the competitiveness of education, human capital development by providing quality education for the sustainable economic growth was recognized as one of the most important priorities of the long-term Strategy "Kazakhstan-2030". The common goal of educational reforms in Kazakhstan is to adapt education to the new socio-economic environment. President of Kazakhstan also set a task to join 50 the most competitive countries of the world [7].
The organizational basis of the state policy in the field of education should be the State Program of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020 ensuring the continuation of the modernization of Kazakhstan's education. The program states that development of education should be a platform for the future economic, political, social and cultural prosperity of the country [8].
And currently, it is developed an algorithm for constructing the national innovation system including the following areas:
1. Education:
1) Development of the complex measures to attract the top scientists from abroad and stimulate the return of the scientists-compatriots from abroad;
2) introduction of innovative universities rating evaluation system;
3) The adoption of measures for the following tasks:
a) get rid of outdated scientific and educational disciplines while increasing popular and promising directions;
b) change of academic plans for higher education, vocational training, including the training of the practical skills and receive of the practical qualification;
c) creation of business-oriented curricula, educational courses and institutes.
2. The development of innovation clusters:
a) the main focus is aimed at strengthening the two main innovation clusters:
Park of innovative technologies «Alatau» and Nazarbayev University and the
Park of innovative technologies [3];
b) The new technological clusters will emerge where the start-up and national companies function;
3. Research:
1) establishment of the requirements to the subjects of the quasi-public sector at the lowest share of R & D financing and innovation.
4. Integration into the global innovation strategy:
1) Development of a strategy for international cooperation in the field of science, technology and innovation.
According to estimates of international experts, for the sustainable development of the country it is necessary to finance science in the amount from 2 to 4 % of GDP [9].
The threshold value of expenditure on research and development in relation to GDP as one of economic security indicators of the country is considered to be equal to 2 %. In Kazakhstan the share of expenditure on research and development in GDP is no more than 0.92 % in the recent years. For comparison, the share of expenditure on research and development in GDP in Japan is 3 %, Germany and the United States are at the level of just below 3 % and China is 2 % [10].
Then it follows the general level of scientific and technological activities in Kazakhstan cannot be evaluated as sufficient for the state seeking to increase the competitiveness of economy.
The head of the state launched a program for formation of intellectual nation in Kazakhstan. In 2009, in a lecture in honor of the 75th anniversary of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, the Head of the State N. Nazarbayev announced the program for the formation of intellectual nation in Kazakhstan placing the most ambitious targets and highlighting the three main aspects of the program: a breakthrough in the development of education, increase of scientific potential, development of innovation system.
In his Message the President N. Nazarbayev noted the necessity to make education as a central element of the new model of economic growth [3]. An important indicator reflecting the level and dynamics of scientific and technological potential of the country are internal costs of research and development which are defined as the difference between the gross and external costs for research and development. Internal costs are carried out by own forces of enterprise during the reporting year and there is some current and capital expenditures. Research and developments are grouped by the type of work as fundamental and applied ones. External costs are the costs of research and development carried out by the third parties within the contracts.
It is important to note since 2009 the dynamics of domestic expenditure on research and development is positive, the average rate of annual growth is 16 % and there is growth in the domestic expenditure on research and development by 12 %. The analysis of the current state of the socio-economic indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the statistical data of the Statistics Committee at the Ministry of National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [11] as well as the level of innovation activity of enterprises, innovative businesses susceptibility, target status and development indicators of science show that scientific researchers at universities as at innovative enterprises become the foundation for economic and social reforms. And there is a common understanding that without the development of science and management of education it is not possible to create a harmonious and balanced economic system.
Implementation of applied research provides the necessary impetus to the development of material and technical basis in all areas of activity: industrial and agro-processing industries, medicine, tourism and recreation activities which ultimately affects the competitiveness of country's business activity and regions as a whole.
Reference:
1. Global Innovation Index - 2016.
2. The Global Competitiveness Index 2016 by the version of World Economic Forum.
3. Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazar-bayev to people of Kazakhstan, January 31, 2017.
4. www.mid.gov.kz.
5. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Innovation_statis tics#Further_Eurostat_information.
6. An YA. Formirovanie i razvitie integracionnyh processov v sfere nauki, obrazovaniya i proizvodstva / biznessa // Nauchnyi potential mira: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferencii (Chekhiya, Praga, 27.0805.09.2011), Praga,2011.
7. Koncepcii innovacionnogo razvitiya Respubliki Kazakhstan do 2020, utver-zhdennye Ukazom Prezidenta RK ot 04.06.2013, № 579 // adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs.
8. State program of education development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020.
9. Otraslevaya programma po razvitiyu nauki v RK na 2011 - 2015 gody // http://ingeo.kz/index.php/ru/tseli.
10. Main Science and Technology Indicators.
11. http://stat.gov.kz.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА
1 2 © Панина Г.В. , Артемьева А.В.
Костанайский филиал федерального государственного бюджетного
образовательного учреждения высшего образования
«Челябинский государственный университет»,
Республика Казахстан, г. Костанай
Статья посвящена теоретическим аспектам оценки эффективности менеджмента. Рассмотрены основные методики и подходы к оценке
1 Доцент кафедры Экономики, кандидат экономических наук.
2 Студент.
