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Козулина Наталья Станиславовна, Капсаргина Светлана Анатольевна, Шмелева Жанна Николаевна РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ЗАВИСИМОГО ...
УДК 37.061
DOI: 10.26140/anip-2019-0801-0041
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ЗАВИСИМОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ» КАК СРЕДСТВО АДАПТАЦИИ, СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ В АГРАРНОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ
© 2019
Козулина Наталья Станиславовна, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой «Психологии, педагогики и экологии человека» ИЭиУ АПК Капсаргина Светлана Анатольевна, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой «Иностранный язык» ЦМСиБ Шмелева Жанна Николаевна, кандидат философских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Иностранный язык» ЦМСиБ Красноярский государственный аграрный университет (660049, Россия, Красноярск, пр. Мира,90, e-mail: shmelevazhanna@mail.ru)
Аннотация. Период перехода школьника-выпускника в статус студента сопровождается значительными изменениями, как в личной, так и общественной жизни. Можно отметить, что на современном этапе развития общества, социально-экономические и психологические нормы и ценности существенно изменились, и студентам, особенно первокурсникам, зачастую сложно справиться с большим объемом информации и самостоятельно сформировать свое мировоззрение, жизненную позицию, а так же противостоять негативному влиянию окружающей действительности. Особую актуальность приобретает проблема аддиктивного (зависимого) поведения студенческой молодежи как демографического и профессионального потенциала страны. Это подтверждает высокую социальную значимость обозначенной проблемы. Профилактическое воздействие на студенческую молодежь оказывает качество образования и образовательной среды каждого конкретного учебного заведения, в которой формируется стремление студенческой молодежи к созиданию. В вузе необходима пропаганда современных духовно-нравственных ориентиров, правил межличностных отношений, ценностей семьи. В рамках студенто-центрированного подхода к обучению в высшем учебном заведении, воспитанию вновь стало уделяться особое внимание. Необходимость поиска новых путей развития системы образования, воспитания, оздоровления, досуговой деятельности студента - императив современного высшего образования. Поскольку развитие и формирование личности студента происходит во взаимодействии с окружающими его в университете людьми, постольку личность преподавателя высшей школы выступает значимой фигурой процесса воспитания, в задачу которого входит не только передача определённого набора знаний, умений и навыков, но и содействие адаптации и социализации студента. Формирование жизнеспособной личности, конгруэнтной обществу возможно через преподавание дисциплин. В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с аддиктивным поведением студентов аграрного университета и методами его профилактики, через реализацию дисциплины «Профилактика зависимого поведения». Особое внимание уделено значению профилактики и формированию основных концепций здорового образа жизни, что позволяет стимулировать личностный рост, способствует самоопределению личности, социализации и адаптации студента высшего учебного заведения.
Ключевые слова: студент, преподаватель, образовательный процесс, образовательная среда, профилактика, аддиктивное поведение, адаптация, социализация, качества личности, университет, дисциплина, личные навыки, социальные навыки, адаптация молодежи, Всемирная зимняя Универсиада.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DISCIPLINE "PROPHYLAXIS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR" AS A MEANS OF STUDENTS' ADAPTATION, SOCIALIZATION AND HEALTH-SAVING BEHAVIOR FORMATION AT THE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY
© 2019
Kozulina Natalia Stanislavovna, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, Head of the department of "Psychology, pedagogy, and ecology of a man" Kapsargina Svetlana Anatolievna, candidate ofpedagogical sciences, associate professor,
Head of the department of 'Foreign Language" Shmeleva Zhanna Nickolaevna, candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor, docent of the department of "Foreign Language" Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (660049, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, pr. Mira 90, e-mail: shmelevazhanna@mail.ru)
Abstract. The period of transition of a graduate pupil to the status of a student is accompanied by significant changes in both personal and social life. It can be noted that at the present stage of society development, socio-economic and psychological norms and values have changed significantly, and students, especially first-year students, often find it difficult to cope with a large amount of information and to form their own outlook, life position, as well as to resist the negative impact of the surrounding reality. The problem of addictive (dependent) behavior of students as a demographic and professional potential of the country becomes particularly relevant. This confirms the high social significance of the problem. The quality of education and the educational environment of each particular institution exert preventive impact on student youth, which is formed by the desire of students to create. The university needs to promote modern spiritual and moral guidelines, rules of interpersonal relations, family values. As part of the student-centered approach to learning in higher education, upbringing was given special attention. The need to find new ways to develop the system of education, upbringing, health improvement, leisure activities of the student is an imperative of modern higher education system. As the development and formation of the student's personality occurs in interaction with the people around him at the university, the personality of the teacher of higher education is an important figure in the process of education, whose task is not only to transfer a certain set of knowledge and skills, but also to promote adaptation and socialization of the student. The formation of a viable personality, congruent to the society is possible through the teaching of disciplines. The article deals with the problems associated with addictive behavior of students at the agrarian university and methods of its prevention through the implementation of the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behaviof'. Particular attention is paid to the importance of prevention and the formation of the basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle that can stimulate personal growth, promote self-determination of the individual, socialization and adaptation of the student of higher education.
Keywords: student, teacher, educational process, educational environment, prevention, addictive behavior, adaptation, socialization, personality qualities, university, discipline, personal skills, social skills, healthy lifestyle, youth adaptation, world winter Universiade.
Statement of the problem in general and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. Federal
Kozulina Natalia Stanislavovna, Kapsargina Svetlana Anatolievna, Shmeleva Zhanna Nickolaevna IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DISCIPLINE "PROPHYLAXIS OF ADDICTIVE ...
pedagogical sciences
state budget educational institution of higher education "Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University" is one of the largest agricultural universities in Siberia. Due to its specificity (agricultural orientation), the University annually attracts hundreds of students from rural areas (villages and districts of the Krasnoyarsk territory, Irkutsk region, Kemerovo region, etc.), and countries of near and far abroad (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Iraq). When entering the university, former pupils get into a new and unusual educational environment. The bulk of the applicants are experiencing serious difficulties at the initial stage of training: especially students who came from other settlements of the region and the country.
Emerging difficulties have a negative impact on the success of the educational program mastering, interaction with other students and teachers, and this, in turn, causes discomfort from learning at the university. Without purposeful work to prevent dependent behavior, socialization and adaptation of students experiencing difficulties, it is impossible to overcome these difficulties. These problems will accumulate, which in turn can lead to various negative consequences (psychological breakdowns, abandonment of higher education, lack of interest in learning, absenteeism, etc.), which is highly likely to encourage students to join the marginal, and possibly criminal ranks. In the real educational process of the university students encounter various forms of addiction, especially dangerous of which are the dependence associated with the use of psychoactive substances (drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking). Psychological dependence on smoking, according to experts, is no less serious problem than physical dependence, and it is the reason why people cannot give up the addiction. The characteristic features of various types of dependencies are: withdrawal syndrome, the desire to get the object of dependence, behavior aimed at acquiring the object of dependence, reducing the critical attitude to the negative sides of dependence, loss of interest in relation to the social side of life, appearance, satisfaction of other needs. Not only rest and sleep, but also food are neglected.
That is why in modern conditions of the education system development one of the urgent tasks in educational organizations is to create conditions for the successful socialization of students, especially freshmen, their professional self-determination on the basis of life path conscious choice, taking into account the individual characteristics and needs of the labor market. The student-centered approach that has been successfully implemented in Krasnoyarsk SAU moves the student into the center of the educational process and gives him not only professional knowledge and skills, but also develops such qualities as independence and originality of thinking, creativity, the ability to independently generate ideas, the organization of the learning mode, helps the student to adapt and socialize. Earlier the authors of the article showed and proved the effectiveness of the discipline "Foreign language" as the means of students' socialization and adaptation [1]. Another discipline that also facilitates the process of students' development is "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior". The purpose of the article is to highlight the role and importance of various prevention methods of dependent forms of behavior, as well as the possibility of their implementation in the context of the educational environment as a fundamental condition for the formation of the health culture and values of a healthy lifestyle, aimed at improving the quality of human potential. The task of the authors is to substantiate the effectiveness of the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" as a means of students' adaptation and socialization at the agrarian university.
Analysis ofrecent studies and publications where aspects of the problem are shown.
The problems of adaptation, socialization and addictive behavior are widely studied in modern psychological and pedagogical literature, it points to relevance of the problem. The problem of research of socialization process is widely
represented in the works of researchers: from the position of pedagogy, sociology, social pedagogics, psychology. Also the question of students' socialization is presented in the works of Melnikova L.L. (socialization of modern students) [2], Sultanova I.V., Shubnickova E. G. (factors of social and psychological adaptation) [3, 4], Radnaeva M. V., Shibanova Yu. V., Belenkiy P. P., Lazareva O.V., Zyabreva S.E., (specificity of first-year-students adaptation) [5,6,7,8,9], Mishina G.N., Nickolaeva E.I. (organizational socialization of students and reasons of addictive behavior) [10,11], Shutilina N.S., Yugfeld Yu. A. (issues of professional socialization) [12,13].The problem of first-year students' socialization in the higher educational system is widely discussed in some scientific publications, because the success of the whole process, further professional career and personal development of the future graduate depends on it [14,15]. Thus, problems related to the socialization of students are of concern to many researchers, but there are questions about specific socio-pedagogical actions, organizational and management mechanisms to solve them.
In a broad sense, addictive behavior can be defined as one of the forms of destructive behavior, which is expressed in the desire to escape from reality by changing the mental state taking some substances or permanent fixation of attention on certain objects or active activities, which is accompanied by the development of intense emotions. It is the departure from reality that is the basis that makes up the essence of dependent behavior. Unsatisfactory reality is in some sense always an internal reality, as in cases when it comes to the external "environmental" reality, the latter is perceived, realized or produces an effect on the subconscious, leading to the emergence of one or another, causing discomfort of the internal mental state, from which there is a desire to get rid of. Modern research defines a broad view of the concept of addiction as a specific behavior, the formation of which involves both social conditions and psychological and physiological characteristics of a person. It should also be noted that along with the term "addiction", a combination of "addictive behavior", "addictive state", "dependence or dependent behavior" is used. As Boykov A.E. notes: "Dependent behavior more often means a situation when the disease, has not yet formed, and there is a violation of behavior, in the absence of physical and individual psychological dependence" [16]. Three main types of dependencies are considered in the pedagogical literature: chemical dependencies; non-chemical dependencies; intermediate dependencies. We consider it possible to distinguish the general signs of dependent behavior; first of all, this behavior is shown in steady aspiration to change of a psychophysical condition. This attraction is experienced by a person as impulsively-categorical, irresistible, and not saturated. In the general philosophical understanding of prevention (from the Greek "prophylaktikos" - safety) is a warning of any process, phenomenon or action.
If we give the scientific interpretation, prevention is a set of measures aimed at protecting health, preventing the emergence and spread of human diseases, improving the physical development of the population, preserving the ability to work and ensuring longevity. In relation to the process of dependency formation, prevention is understood as "a set of social, medical, biological and educational measures aimed at identifying the causes and conditions that contribute to the emergence of dependencies, to prevent the development and elimination of their negative personal, social and medical consequences".
As noted in the state Program of the Russian Federation "Development of education" (2013-2020) "there is a real need to apply qualitatively new approaches to solving the problems of young people and improving the system of measures aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for successful socialization and effective self-realization of young people, for the development of their potential in the interests of Russia" [17].
The current system of training and education at
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педагогические Козулина Наталья Станиславовна, Капсаргина Светлана Анатольевна, Шмелева Жанна Николаевна
науки РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ЗАВИСИМОГО ...
universities, although focused on the formation of students' strong scientific knowledge through verbal transmission of information that requires its memorization and reproduction, but is poorly focused on the formation of subjective qualities of the individual.
The implementation of the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" involves the development of the student's own position in a situation characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. To determine the problem-oriented situation, the individual needs to correlate his needs, positions, interests, dreams with own capabilities: preparedness, abilities, emotional and volitional qualities, health.
Education in a higher educational institution is a complex, multifaceted process that imposes high requirements on the health, plasticity and flexibility of mental and physiological processes of young people. Constant mental and emotional stress, as well as violation of work, rest, nutrition sometimes leads to disruption of the process of adaptation (especially freshmen). Adaptation of students to study at the university is a multi-level process, which includes the components of social and psychological adaptation and promotes the development of intellectual and personal capabilities of students. The work of teachers with students at the initial stage of training allows timely detection of adverse changes at the psycho-emotional and psychophysiological level and to carry out the necessary measures, including rehabilitation and prevention [18, 19].
In the real educational process the university students encounter various forms of addiction, especially dangerous are the dependence associated with the use of psychoactive substances (drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking). One of the ways of preventive measures is the inclusion of the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" into the educational process and the Curricula of all training directions at Krasnoyarsk SAU.
This discipline has been taught since 2012 to students in all areas of undergraduate studies. As part of this discipline mastering, students form a general idea of dependent behavior, its types, forms, ways to avoid these dependencies, as well as the importance of a healthy lifestyle, which in turn helps them to adapt and socialize in a constantly changing environment.
It should be noted that the implementation of the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" forms a wide range of students' personal and social skills: the ability to identify and analyze problems, to behave constructively in conflict, to communicate effectively, to "build" their personal boundaries and not to violate others', to be critically-minded to the content of the perceived information, to the proposed models of behavior. The discipline is also aimed at stimulating the personal growth of the future competent specialist, characterized by independence, responsibility for decisions, with a sufficiently high level of socialization and communication skills. No doubt, the presence or absence of dependencies in humans is closely related to the way of life he leads. As part of the discipline learning, students receive comprehensive knowledge about the healthy state of the body, the components of the conditions, lifestyle and quality of life, the main health factors.
Prevention of addictive behavior involves a system of general and special measures at different levels of social organization.
Within the framework of the discipline mastering the following measures are implemented:
- First of all, the discipline focuses students on familiarity with key concepts, reveals the specifics of the subject, which demonstrates its multi-aspect nature associated with countless forms of dependencies in the modern world;
- Secondly, the teachers expand students' knowledge about a healthy lifestyle and its main components in detail;
- Thirdly, the teachers give information about the most dangerous forms of addiction - drug addiction, alcoholism, tobacco smoking and their prevention (therefore, within the framework of this discipline, the student receives objective
information about psychoactive substances, their essence, effects on the human body, peculiarities of addiction and learns how to avoid these forms of dependence).
The importance of the discipline lies in the fact that knowledge, skills and competences in the field of prevention of the main types of addictions, the basics of a healthy lifestyle help to form a firm life position aimed at preserving the health of the young generation and the health of the surrounding people, which certainly ensures the stability of the process of formation and development of the future bachelor and specialist in the educational process of the university [20].
The effectiveness of teaching this discipline is proved by the following positive aspects:
- Propaganda of healthy lifestyle;
- Formation of the motive to lead a healthy lifestyle (the number of students wishing to participate in the world winter Universiade 2019, which will be held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019, as volunteers, stewards from the Krasnoyarsk SAU is 62% (5 983) from the total amount of students (9651));
- A strong understanding of students of the inadmissibility and danger of the use of prohibited drugs;
- During lectures, practical lessons and seminars, in the viewing and discussion of videos on the subject of addictions (nicotine, alcohol, drugs, etc.) and according to the conducted questioning many students gave up their addictions, in particular, a complete smoking cessation (5% of respondents, 37% of respondents smoke constantly, 6% -sometimes);
- Different options of getting out of difficult situations are discussed, offered and considered;
In self-preparation for classes, students expand their horizons in the field of dependent behaviors and healthy lifestyles, which contributes to the formation of attitudes and values, thereby forming General Cultural Competences (GCC-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).
- In order to determine the state of drug situation among students in accordance with the Regulations of the state monitoring system, on the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (16.06.2014 №658), letters of the Agency of Science and Innovation Development of the Krasnoyarsk territory (30.11.2017 №721793), together with the Department of educational work and youth policy of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University and teachers implementing the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior", we conducted a sociological study of students of the first courses at the university (in the form of questionnaires) in the period from 05.12.2017 to 22.12.2017.
- On the basis of Order №0-176 (15.03.2018), a seminar "Learn how to save your lives" was held;
- Preventive classes aimed at combating tobacco addiction dedicated to the World Day without Tobacco (31.05. 2018) were conducted for all first-year students in all training directions at the university;
- Teachers implementing the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" at Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University (Kozulina N.S., Karachev A. Yu., Kuleshova, Yu. V., Yufererv S.S.) were sent to a training seminar "Prevention of dependent forms of behavior", which was held on the basis of Siberian Juridical Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (27.04. 2018), as part of the improvement of the educational process, the prevention of dependent forms of behavior in the youth environment;
- The problem of addictive behavior was considered and discussed at students' conferences, including the All-Russian Student Scientific Conference "Student science - sight into the future" (04.04. 2018). The work of the scientific section "Psychological, pedagogical and ecological problems of professional education" was organized and the students made the following reports: Kukushkina O. A. "The Importance of prevention of addictive behavior in the modern university", Matafonova E. V. "Directions of educational activities at the university", Akhmedzyanova E. V. "Addictive behavior
Kozulina Natalia Stanislavovna, Kapsargina Svetlana Anatolievna, Shmeleva Zhanna Nickolaevna IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DISCIPLINE "PROPHYLAXIS OF ADDICTIVE ...
pedagogical sciences
as a negative factor in professional self-determination of students".
Thus, the organized environment in the University prevents the manifestation of addictive behavior among students, becomes a deterrent psychological factor. Being in an active social environment, students are forced to take responsibility for life events, use healthy strategies to cope with stress, learn to defend their point of view, develop self-control. In addition, the university through the discipline "Prophylaxis of addictive behavior" forms a worldview that does not proclaim the end in itself of getting pleasure from life.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the conducted complex of preventive measures carried out at the university contributes to the formation of the basic concepts of sustainable development of a healthy lifestyle, the development of a competent person, facilitates students' adaptation and, in general, has a positive impact on students at the university, as well as their subsequent socialization in society and the professional community. REFERENCES:
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Статья принята к публикации 27.02.2019
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