CC BY
35
DOI 10.18551/rjoas.2019-01.55
IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATION POLICY #58 (PERMEN-KP, 2014) OF MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA IN BITUNG CITY OF NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Reza K., Rianto B., Subianto A.
University of Hang Tuah, Surabaya, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Objective of the study is toanalyze the implementation of regulation policy and describe and analyze the factors that support and inhibit the implementation of Implementation of Regulation Policy Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia No. 58/PERMEN-KP/2014. Data analysis method uses interactive model analysis with three procedures, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion / verification. The research findings generally indicate the Implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Temporary Termination (Moratorium) as a whole, both standard instruments and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing organizations, communication between organizations and implementing activities, dispositions or attitude of executors and social, economic / political environment can work well. This is also supported by the role of officers who carry out their duties properly and correctly according to technical instructions.
KEY WORDS
Implementation, policy, moratorium, fisheries, marine affairs.
Indonesia is the largest maritime and archipelago country in the world. As a maritime country Indonesia has an area of 6,315,222 km2 of water, coastline length 99,093 km2, and the number of islands 13,466 islands are named and coordinate. (www.bakosurtanal.go.id). Then, according to the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea Law or UNCLOS, Indonesia has the exclusive right to utilize 2.7 km2 of marine resources in the waters of the Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE) Mahmudah, 2015).
The magnitude of Indonesia's marine and fishery wealth cannot yet be utilized optimally. 70 percent two-thirds of Indonesia's territory is the ocean. Its potential is huge to become a driver of the national economy. The problem is that until now the potential has not been maximally utilized by the community" (http://www.dikti.go.id/). One of the obstacles in optimizing the wealth of Indonesian marine fisheries is the rampant illegal fishing in Indonesia's marine waters. Indonesian losses due to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing), according to the Directorate General (Directorate General of Maritime and Fisheries Resources Monitoring (PSDKP) KKP Indonesia is estimated to experience a loss of Rp. 101,040 trillion / year due to IUU Fishing. (http://id.beritasatu.com).
Based on these conditions the government needs to firmly establish policies on the utilization and management of fisheries resources that are responsible for and overcoming Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the State Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia (WPP-NRI) at sea. Cases of illegal fishing in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone as an example of the Vietnam Illegal Fishing Ship in Natuna. This case was reported by the online newspaper tvonenews.com on April 16, 2013, reported that the Supervision Ship of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries captured eleven Vietnamese ships without documents in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE) in the Natuna Sea waters. The perpetrators of illegal fishing in Indonesia are also not deterrent, although many Indonesian security forces have seized foreign vessels without permission to keep stealing fish in the Indonesian sea because it is an advantage for foreign fishermen.
Ministry Of Marine Affairs And Fisheries Republic Of Indonesia as a leading sector in the management and utilization of marine and fishery wealth has taken a firm policy to eradicate illegal fishing. One such action is the sinking of foreign and ex-foreign vessels as a concrete step in the implementation of Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. The act of sinking the ship is a state action in combating illegal fishing activities and in addition to providing a deterrent effect and increasing the effect of deterrence or offense against regional violations that can harm and threaten the sovereignty of the country.
Responding to the occurrence of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing that caused losses for Indonesia, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) has issued Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation Number: 56 / PERMEN-KP / 2014 dated November 3, 2014 concerning Temporary Termination ( Moratorium) Licensing of Capture Fisheries in the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia.
The issuance of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 57 of 2004 and confirmed by policies issued by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 56 / PERMEN-KP / 2014 concerning Discipline of Staff of State Civil Apparatus in the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in the implementation of a temporary termination policy (Moratorium) licensing of capture fisheries, transshipment in the sea and use of nahkoda and foreign vessel crews have a significant impact on the fisheries sector in the Bitung region of North Sulawesi. The existence of these policies relating to transshipment (transshipment) is no longer permitted, in the Bitung fishing port received demands from fishing communities where these rules are not clearly and clearly specified so that it becomes confusion of lower level apparatus as an institution designated by the Law to provide sailing permits and other permits needed for transport vessels not dispatched and permitted transfer of cargo from fishing vessels to transport vessels is very detrimental to employers and ship crews (ABK) as fishermen
With the Moratorium, KKP will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the administration of all ships operating in the territory of Indonesia, including: Fisheries Business License (SIUP), Fishing License (SIPI), and Fish Carrier Ship License (SIKPI). In addition to the temporary suspension (Moratorium) of foreign-made vessels, KKP also issued Permen KP Number: 57 / PERMEN-KP / 2014 concerning the Second Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number: Per.30 / Men / 2012 concerning Capture Fisheries in Management Areas Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia, where this Ministerial Regulation regulates the Prohibition of Landing of Fishes from the Catch of Fishing Vessels through Sea Charge
Transhipment itself must be carried out with several provisions, including having the same base port, transhipment implementation supervised by observers of fishing vessels and fishing vessels (observer), VMS transmitters in active condition and can be monitored online, reporting to base port heads as stated in SIPI and SIKPI, report to fisheries supervisors at base ports as stated in SIPI or SIKPI, and fill in the statement of transfer of captured fish signed by each ship captain and delivered to the base port head.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS
Conceptual Definition of Public Policy Implementation. Policy is an effort or action to influence the system of achieving the desired goals, the intended efforts and actions are strategic, namely long-term and comprehensive. Policy or in English we often hear the term policy. Policy is an effort or action to influence the system of achieving the desired goals, the intended efforts and actions are strategic, namely long-term and comprehensive. Policies are made in a framework to solve problems and to achieve certain desired goals and objectives. Policies related to what they say are done by the government and not just what they want to do.
Public Policy is a complex pattern of dependence on interdependent collective choices, including decisions not to act, made by government agencies or offices "(Dunn, 2003). Public policy according to what was stated by Dunn suggests the existence of collective choices that are interdependent with each other, in which decisions to take action. The public policy
in question is made by a government agency or office. A policy if it has been made, it must be implemented to be carried out by administrative units that mobilize financial and human resources, and evaluated so that it can be used as a monitoring mechanism for the policy in accordance with the objectives of the policy itself
Implementation is the embodiment of the programs that have been determined in the formulation of the strategy. The main essence of implementation is understanding what should happen after a program is declared valid or formulated. Implementation has four aspects that must be considered, namely: who is involved in implementation, the nature of the administrative process, compliance with a policy and the effects or effects of implementation (Tahir, 2011).
Anderson (1979) suggested that policy implementation can be seen in four aspects, namely: "Who is involved in policy implementation, the nature of the administrative process, compliance with policy, and the effect of implementation on the impact of policy content
According to Van Meter and Van Horn (Subarsono, 2005), there are six variables that affect implementation performance, that is:
• Policy standards and targets. Policy standards and targets must be clear and measurable so that they can be realized;
• Resources. Policy implementation needs to support resources both human resources and non-human resources;
• Relationships between Organizations. In many programs, the implementation of a program needs support and coordination with other institutions;
• Characteristics of implementing agents. What is meant by the characteristics of implementing agents includes the structure of the bureaucracy, norms, and patterns of relations that occur in the bureaucracy, all of which will affect the implementation of a program;
• Social, political and economic conditions. This variable includes environmental economic resources that can support the success of policy implementation;
• Disposition of the implementor. The implementor's disposition includes three important things, namely: the implementor's response to the policy, which will influence the way to implement the policy. and the intensity of the disposition of the implementor, namely the value preferences possessed by the implementor.
Figure 1 - Policy Implementation According to Van Meter and Van Horn (Source: Van Meter and Van Horn dalam Subarsono, 2005)
Legal and Illegal Fishing. Based on the articles contained in the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) which can be categorized as IUU Fishing activities (Nikijuluw, 2008) include:
• Illegal fishing, which is illegal fishing activities in the territorial waters of the country's Exclusive Economic Zone or does not have permission from that country;
• Unregulated fishing, namely fishing activities in territorial waters or the Exclusive Economic Zone of a country by not complying with the applicable rules in that country;
• Unreported fishing, namely fishing activities in the territorial waters or the Exclusive Economic Zone of a country by not reporting on its operational activities and vessel data and catch results. The biggest practice in IUU Fishing is basically fishing by other countries without permission from the country concerned.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) states that marine legal institutions can be divided into two parts, namely institutions that can be included as part of the territory of the state and institutions that are not part of the territory of the country. Institutions that are part of the territory of the country are subject to the sovereignty and national law of the country, including the sea which is included in the territorial territory and inland waters. The institutions that are not part of the territory of the country, where the coastal state has certain jurisdictions but are limited in nature, namely the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In the EEZ region, other countries can still get the opportunity to make use and management of biological resources insofar as there have been bilateral agreements or agreements with coastal states of sovereign rights holders over EEZ. The right to freedom to use and manage biological resources in this EEZ area, one of which is the opportunity to carry out fishing activities.
In order to overcome this illegal practice, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) as one of the world bodies has formulated the practice of illegal fishing into the provisions of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (Code f Conduct). In this case the FAO committee on Fisheries has formulated the development of a standard of behavior that leads to sustainable and responsible fisheries practices. In this Code of Conduct, principles and standards are set to be applied through conservation, management and development of fisheries resources (FAO, 1995). For this reason, national and international efforts are needed to ensure the exploitation of aquatic biological resources in harmony and harmony with the sustainability of the ecosystem. The Code of Conduct compiled by FAO is a technical aspect that becomes the provision of implementation of the UN convention on marine law (UNCLOS 1982).
Framework of Thinking and Hypothesis The territory of Indonesia, the majority of which is in the form of islands, does have a large risk of illegal fishing. The weak supervision and regulations that have not been resolved are thought to be one of the triggers for the rampant illegal fishing. Based on the Supreme Audit Agency's (BPK) report on state losses from Illegal, Unreported, and Unegulated (IUU) Fishing of Rp. 300 trillion every year (Jaelani and Udiyo, 2014) and the decline in the number of fishing households from 1.6 million to 800,000 during 2003- 2013 This is because of the difficulty in obtaining fish with limited fishing ground and losing competition in terms of technology with large vessels. Other violations include the use of foreign nationals captain and crew, illegal transshipment (transshipment in the middle of the sea without landed catches), inappropriate reporting between factual and number of landed fishes, inappropriate use of fishing gear (prohibited), breaking fishing routes fish, falsification of ship registration documents (DC, BoS, Ga), double flagging, dual registration, mark down GT ships, not building / partnering with UPI, using illegal fuel, shutting down VMS and AIS, and manipulating investment structures (Hussein, 2015 ) This incident has been going on for a long time and there needs to be strict law enforcement and criminal action against those who commit illegal fishing in Indonesia.
Based on these conditions the government needs to firmly establish policies on the utilization and management of fisheries resources that are responsible for and overcoming Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the State Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia (WPP-NRI). at sea. Cases of illegal fishing in the territorial waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone.
Responding to the occurrence of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing that caused losses for Indonesia, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) has issued Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation Number: 56 / PERMEN-KP / 2014 dated November 3, 2014 concerning Temporary Termination ( Moratorium) Licensing of Capture
Fisheries in the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia. The policy will have performance in accordance with the goals and objectives of the Implementation if the mechanism is carried out in an integrated manner that includes policy standards and targets, Resources, Inter-organizational Communication and strengthening activities, Characteristics of implementing agents, Social, economic and political conditions, Disposition of implementers.
Illegal, Unreported, and Unegulated (IUU) Fishing Problems
-I-
f Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number: 56 of 2014
j;
c Implementation Temporary Termination (Moratorium) Licensing of Capture Fisheries in the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia
II
Implementation Mechanism Policy Size and Objectives
Resource
Communication between Organizations Acting Attitude
Conditions of Social Environment
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Figure 2 - Framework of Thinking
Hypotheses. Based on the framework, the hypotheses are as follows: Implementation of the Termination Policy (Moratorium) Licensing of Capture Fisheries in the Republic of Indonesia State Fisheries Management Area is useful if the mechanism is integrated which includes policy standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication and strengthening activities, characteristics of implementing agencies, social, economic conditions and politics, implementor Disposition and Implementation Performance are harmonized with the objectives and mission of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
The subjects of this study were the Department of Marine and Fisheries of Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province. Respondents were Head of Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service, Head of Bitung City Bappeda, Chair of Fishermen Group, Chair of Bitung City Fisheries Entrepreneurs Association, Hukum Tua / Bitung Fisherman Village Head. Data collection techniques used in this study were through interviews, observation, and documentation.
The object of the research is the Temporary Termination Policy (Moratorium) of Licensing of Fishing Fish Business in the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of
Indonesia which covers aspects of policy standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication and strengthening activities, characteristics of implementing agencies, social, economic and political conditions, disposition implementor and implementation performance. These objects become research variables and analyzed using interactive model analysis with three procedures, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion / verification.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This study applies a qualitative method that is descriptive qualitative by explaining that a policy is said to be successful if the policy implemented has the desired impact. In this study qualitative methods were used to explain the Termination (Moratorium) of Licensing of Fishing Fish Business in the Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia. This method is used to explain the purpose and objectives of the study where some questions arise and the data obtained, such as the implementation process of policies, Factors that affect the Implementation of Discipline Implementation of State Civil Service Employees at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service
The unit of analysis is the Standard and target of policies, Resources, Inter-organizational Communication and strengthening activities, Characteristics of implementing agents, Social, economic and political conditions, Disposition of implementers and Implementation performance. Data analysis method uses data analysis that has been developed by Miles and Huberman (in Emzir, 2010), using ineractive model analysis with three procedures, namely data reduction by conducting a simplification process of data from various sources and various methods to determine themes and organize data according to focus research covering policy standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication and strengthening activities, characteristics of implementing agents, social, economic and political conditions, implementor's disposition and implementation performance. Data presentation is done in a way by using tables and images related to Discipline Implementation of State Civil Service Employees in the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in the Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service. Conclusions / verification by means of any conclusions will always continue to be verified during the research that involves the interpretation of the researcher.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Policy Standards and Objectives. The performance of policy implementation can be measured by its success from the size and realistic policy objectives with socio-culture at the level of policy implementers. Therefore it is necessary to carry out standardization and policy objectives. An understanding of the general intentions of a standard and policy objectives is important. Successful policy implementation may fail when the implementers are not fully aware of the standards and policy objectives. Policy standards and objectives have a close relationship with the disposition of implementers (implementors).
Based on the results of the study, it was found that the policy objective was to improve the management of fisheries sector management, especially in re-recording the status of ships, stopping transshipment at sea, not extending ships that had expired, and not issuing new licenses for business licenses. Fisheries (SIUP), Fishing License (SIPI) and Fish Carrier Ship License (SIKPI). The policy objective is to realize responsible fisheries management, and mitigate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the Republic of Indonesia Fisheries Management Area Indonesia. Policy implementation activities include arranging licensing through, managing the central and regional permit database properly, developing integrated online licensing, and improving licensing regulations Coordinating in the context of law enforcement against illegal fishermen through analysis and evaluation (Anev) of foreign vessels And provide information to relevant institutions.
Resource. Resources are one of the important factors in the process of implementing or implementing a program or policy, where without the support of adequate resources,
whether in the form of the amount or ability or expertise of the program implementers or the implementation policies of a program will not achieve its objectives. Availability of resources in implementing a program or policy is one factor that must always be considered, if the policy is implemented as planned. In this case the resource in question is Human Resources (HR) from the executor of the policy both in quality and quantity such as staff who are sufficient, adequate and competent in their field, besides that in the aspect of resources also need to be supported by how information is available for decision making, authority, and facilities needed in the implementation of the Discipline Implementation of State Civil Service Employees at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries at the Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service.
Availability of implementers is classified according to position, competence, education. The Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service has a sufficient number of employees and is classified based on position, class, level of education, average age and course or with the training that has been attended. In addition to the adequate number of implementers, there is also a need for competent implementers after office, education in carrying out the program, because if the number of implementers is sufficient, without being balanced with the ability or expertise in running the program, the implementation process cannot run optimally. The availability of skilled human resources is very important so that the implementation of programs or policies is more efficient and effective, where sometimes the implementation of an activity is hampered other than because of the inadequate number of implementers and also the lack of quality human resources as implementers. The amount and quality of adequate implementers can have a positive impact on implementation.
Characteristics of Implementing Organizations. The characteristics of implementing organizations that are of concern include formal organizations and informal organizations which will be involved in implementing the policy. This is important because the performance of policy implementation will be greatly influenced by the right characteristics and match with the implementing agents. This is related to the context of the policy that will be implemented in several policies that are demanded by implementing strict policies and discipline as well as being needed by democratic and persuasive implementing agents.
The results showed that the officers had performed their duties well because they had the characteristics of the implementing organization in the form of clear and easily understood technical instructions by the officers so that each officer was able to understand what was the responsibility of his work.
Inter-Organization Communication. Communication is something that really determines the success of achieving the objectives of public policy implementation. Communication involves the process of delivering information or transmission, the clarity of the information and the consistency of the information conveyed Knowledge of the things they do can work if the communication goes well, so that any policy decisions and implementation regulations must be communicated to the appropriate personnel department.
The policy implementation of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Implementation is carried out through the communication process in the organization. Communication is very important, because a program can only be implemented well if it is clear to the implementers, where communication is needed so that decision makers and implementers will be more consistent in implementing each policy that will be implemented in the community. There are three indicators that can be used to measure the success of this communication aspect, namely: Transmission, which is a good communication channel that can produce a good implementation result. Often what happens in this transmission process is that there is a misunderstanding, this occurs because the implementation of communication has gone through several levels of bureaucracy, so that the expected things are distorted in the middle of the road. Clarity of information, where communication or information received by policy implementers must be clear and not confusing. Clarity of policy information does not always hinder the implementation of policies, where at a certain level the implementers need flexibility in implementing the policy, but at another level it will in fact divert the objectives to be achieved by the policies that have been set. The consistency of the information conveyed, namely the command or information
provided in the implementation of a communication must be clear and consistent to be implemented and implemented. If the orders given often change, it can cause confusion for the implementer in the field.
Implementing Disposition. One of the factors that support the success of policy implementation is the attitude of the implementor or the attitude of the policy implementers. If the apparatus agrees with the contents of the policy that will and must be carried out, they will carry out happily but if the views of the implementing apparatus are different from the policy makers, the implementation process will experience many problems and not achieve the programs that have been made.
The position of implementing the policy in implementing the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) of Licensing of Fishing Fish, Transhipment in the Sea, and the Use of Foreign Helicopters and Shipmen (Abk) can be seen through the level of compliance and giving wages / rewards to policy implementers, if the implementer wants to be effective, the implementers not only know what will be done but also must have the ability to implement it. This disposition is the desire and tendency of the attitude of the implementers to truly carry out so that what is the goal can be realized. This disposition will emerge among the implementers, so that the beneficiaries are not only the organization but the attitude of the implementer.
Social, Economic and Political Environment. The performance of policy implementation can be seen by emphasizing the extent to which the external environment contributes to the success of public policy. The social, economic and political environment that is not conducive can be a source of problems from the failure of policy implementation performance. Then it is necessary to implement policies that require conducive external environmental conditions. officers have carried out their duties well because the social, economic and political environment in Bitung City is quite safe and smooth. Executing tasks in the field can work professionally because the work environment is conducive, safe, clean and smooth.
Supporting factors for the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) include clear policy objectives to make fishing communities and fisheries businesses in the city of Bitung in implementing the rules related to the implementation of the Bitung Ocean fishing port, especially traditional fishermen feel the direct results of the capture effort they did for their life needs. After the moratorium and transshipment, the catch is increased due to fishing, it only takes 2-3 hours to return directly so that it is seen from the operational aspect that BBM is more economical than before, which takes 6-8 hours.
The inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation concerning the Termination (Moratorium) are clear SOPs needed in the utilization and management of fisheries.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Implementation of the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Temporary Termination (Moratorium) can be fully implemented as mandated in the objectives, implementation and implementation of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation Number 58 of 2014. Implementation of Republic of Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Implementation Indonesia Regarding Termination (Moratorium) based on the aspects contained in it has been effective and optimal and according to the expected target.
Based on Standard Aspects and Policy Objectives, Implementation of the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) is implemented in accordance with technical guidelines to improve management of fisheries sector management, especially in re-recording ship status, terminating cargo transfer at sea, not giving extension to ships that have expired, and no new licenses for fishing licenses (SIUP), fishing licenses (SIPI) and fish carrier vessels (SIKPI) are issued.
Based on the Resource Aspect in the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation concerning the Termination (Moratorium), it covers both quality and quantity. The Marine and Fisheries Service has employees who are adequate in terms of quantity, to implement the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulations Regarding the Termination (Moratorium). In quality, human resources in this case are employees in the Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Agency must have competence. In accordance with the theory put forward by Edward III, which states that the number and quality of adequate implementers have had a positive impact on program implementation.
Based on the aspects of the Characteristics of the Implementing Organization, the Marine and Fisheries Service Office of the City of Bitung has performed its duties well, all staff have the same implementation standards in accordance with the technical instructions from the applicable regulatory agencies. According to Van Meter and Van Horn (1975), the variables that influence the implementation of public policy are bureaucratic structures. Even though the sources for implementing a policy are available or policy implementers know what should be done and have the desire to implement a policy, it is likely that the policy cannot be implemented or realized because of weaknesses in the bureaucratic structure.
Bureaucratic structure is a characteristic, norms and patterns of relationships that occur repeatedly in executive bodies that have both potential and real relationships with what they have in carrying out policies. Complex policies require the cooperation of many people. Elements that might influence an organization in policy implementation include the level of hierarchical supervision of sub unit decisions and processes in the implementing agency.
Based on the Communication Aspect that the communication carried out in the policy of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) is carried out through two stages namely internal communication through delegation between implementers and all staff understanding the Program through written policies. External communication with the community, carried out by means of program socialization carried out by officers from the Department of Marine and Fisheries to the community, as well as increasing cooperation with government agencies. According to Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) consistency of the information conveyed is needed in order to avoid confusion between the parties involved in its implementation. Likewise with the implementation of the policy of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the Temporary Termination (Moratorium), information consistency is highly demanded but if there is a change because of seeing the condition of society, information that circulates in the community automatically.
Disposition or Attitude of Executors, Republic of Indonesia Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) Attitudes of policy implementers with policy makers in the Ministry, the findings of research findings show a positive attitude and support for the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination Meanwhile (Moratorium), in terms of the human resources capacity, the implementers of this policy have the willingness to accept the policy of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulations Regarding Temporary Termination (Moratorium) and readiness to carry out duties in accordance with available technical assignments and instructions.
One of the factors that influence the effectiveness of policy implementation is the attitude of the implementor. If the implementor agrees with the contents of the policy then they will carry out happily but if their views differ from those of the policy maker then the implementation process will experience many problems. In addition, support from implementing officials is needed to achieve the program objectives. The manifestation of this leadership support includes placing policies as program priorities and providing sufficient funds to provide incentives for program implementers so that they support and work in total in implementing policies / programs.
Disposition is an aspect related to the attitude and support of the implementers of the program or policy. Attitudes and support are very important in the implementation process, because similarity of views on what is done together will facilitate the achievement of goals. If
the implementers or implementors of the policy are divided in terms of attitudes and support, what will be achieved from a policy will not be achieved effectively and efficiently, because it will face many obstacles and obstacles from the implementing officers of the policy itself, where the implementation of programs or policies sometimes problematic if the executor involved in it cannot run the program or policy properly. If the implementer has a good disposition, then he will implement the program or policy well as cooled by policy makers, whereas if the implementer has a different attitude from the policy maker, then the implementation process of a program or policy will also not be effective and efficient.
Based on the Environmental, Social and Economic aspects, the Bitung City Marine and Fisheries Service understand that the environmental conditions in Bitung City are quite safe and conducive. This means that all fishermen's activities related to the fishermen's business run normally there are no significant fluctuations / obstacles that occur between fellow elements of society.
CONCLUSION
Based on observations and interviews, it is known that the Implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) as a whole, both standard instruments and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing organizations, communication between organizations and implementing activities, dispositions or attitudes implementers and social, economic / political environment can run well. This is also supported by the role of officers who carry out their duties properly and correctly according to technical instructions.
Supporting factors for the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Regarding Termination (Moratorium) include clear policy objectives to make fishing communities and fisheries businesses in the city of Bitung in implementing the rules related to the implementation of the Bitung Ocean fishing port, especially traditional fishermen feel the direct results of the capture effort they did for their life needs. After the moratorium and transshipment, the catch is increased due to fishing, it only takes 2-3 hours to return directly so that it is seen from the operational aspect that BBM is more economical than before, which takes 6-8 hours.
The inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation concerning the Termination (Moratorium) are clear SOPs needed in the utilization and management of fisheries.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries issued a policy on prohibiting transshipment, a moratorium on licensing of ex-foreign vessels which simultaneously was for activities to combat illegal fishing. The minister claimed that this policy paid off. At present some fish trade centers in neighboring countries such as General Santos in the Philippines lack fish due to the eradication of illegal fishing in Indonesia. Whereas before this port could export US $ 2 billion tuna fish per year, while in the Samudra Bitung fishing port only Rp. 16 billion. Many neighboring countries have difficulties in getting supplies, the impact of further processing of domestic fishery products has increased demand and rising prices.
For business people in the field of fisheries or UPI do fishing in accordance with applicable rules by not doing illegal fishing, using Indonesian labor rather than foreign citizens of the Philippines so that it will prosper the traditional fishing community.
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