CC BY
8UOT 631.6
Mustafayev F.M., Mustafayev M.Q.,Djebrailova G.Q.
IMPACT OF MICRORELIEF ON SALINIZATION PROCESS IN THE SOILS OF THE RESEARCH ZONE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SHIRVAN STEPPE)
Institute of soil science and agrochemistry of Anas, Az 1073, Baku, M. Rahim 5, Azerbaijan, e-mail: meliorasiya58@ mail.ru Abstract. An impact of microrelief on salinization process in the soils of the Ujar Support Point was studied and a salinisation map of the same zone was compiled in the article. The researches show that the salts quantity in microhollows is more than in the areas. The soils are salinized to an average, strong and verystrong degree in the zone. But the unsalinized and weak salinized soils spread in the plane areas.
Key words: salts quantity, salinized soils, salinization map, salts type, humus, microrelief.
INTRODUCTION An investigation of salts quantity, type, a placement of subsoil waters, their mineralization in the same soils in evaluation of the soils meliorative state is one of the main problems. For this purpose the salinization processes forming reasons in the same soils must be studied; the salts spreading legitimacy along the profile must be identified. In many cases incorrect using from soils causes soils salinization and solonetzification and this results in decrease of the fertility indices, reduction of productivity. For this purpose, definition of the salts quantity and type, investigation of their influence on plants productivity and comparative analysis in the same zones are actual. Corresponding to the subtropic arid semi-desert climate the soils concern the grey, meadow-grey, grey-meadow, floodplain-meadow, boggy-meadow and other tupes. A quantity of carbonates along the profile is 10-22 %; physical clay 65-85 %, but humus on upper layers is 1,59-2,86 %. These soils depended on the relief condition in the Kur -Araz lowland and exposed to the subsoil waters impact some or other degree [1-4].
OBJECTS AND METHODS The researches were performed in the soils of the Ujar Support Point in the Shirvan plain qalani var. The characteristic places have been selected for the purpose of investigation of the salt quantity and
subsoil waters mineralization, their placement level, the soil and water samples have been taken. The chemical analyses which are required under the laboratorial condition were performed by generally accepted methods [5].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During the research the salts quantity: in the same experimental area and subsoil waters level, change of their mineralization have been studied and compared with the consequences of 20122015. During an investigation of the salts coposition and type in the soils of the Kur-Araz lowland V.R.Volobuyev [2] showed that Cl and SO4 ions exceed in salts composition in the same zones. As regards the soils type their change till chloride, chloride-sulphate and sulphate type has been shown.
G.Z. Azizov [6] prefered an investigation of soils water-physical, chemical and other characters in the different regions of the Kur-Araz lowland, including Shirvan plain and identified a direction of the desalted process, scientific bases of the washing and irrigation norms, fixing of the interdrainage distances.
M.G. Mustafayev [7] showed in his researches that correct use of the soil and satisfactoriness of the collector-drainage systems caused gradual improvement of the same soils meliorative state. But the salts quantity diminished, even secondary
salinization can be found in some areas because these processes didn't occur in the same direction in all cases.
The cuts were put in the characteristic places with the purpose of the investigation of the microrelief impact on salinization process and the soil samples were taken over the genetic layers. An importance of the relief is great in soils formation and soil cover development.
The relief participates as a main factor in distrubution of the sun radiation and rainfalls defending on the slopes exposition and inclination and influences the water, heat, food, oxidation-reduction and salt regimes of the soil.
During the research a change of the salts quantity must be studied depending on microrelief in the soils from the experimental plots. Even if the research plot is used under the various agricultural plants, smoothing, (planning), deep sowing, looseningand other measures haven't been performed in the same areas for a long time. Because of heavy granulometric composition and weakness of the water-permeabi lity, not performing the abovementioned measures caused formation of the salinization, solonetzification processes. These processes show off in the hollow parts of microrelief of the same areas.
The researches show that the salts number in the hollow parts of microrelief of the soil is higher, their composition changes till chloride, sulphate and sulphate-chlorine type [8-10]. For the purpose of learning these problems, some indications of the soil cuts which were put at 0-200 cm depth in the Ujar Support Point were investigated and the consequences were given on the table 1.
As is seen from the tables the parameters change along the profile in all the cut, increase of the salts quantity is mainly observed towards low layers. The researches show that increase of the salts number along the profile was observed in
microhollows of soils in 2012-2015. Treir quantity is 1,5-2,5 times more than other areas and the strong and very strong salinized soils spread in the same plots. Generally, Cl and SO4 ions exceed in the salts composition of all the areas and their values are accordingly high where the salts number is more. Only in some places Ca and Mg ions exceed besides them (cut 9 and 20). The salts quantity in the same places is 1,69-2,79 % and the soils are mainly loamy and clayey. Generally, the soils of the experimental area are sulphate, sulphate-chlorine, chlorine-sulphate for the salts structure.
But the soils concern the chlorine type in only very strong salinized areas. Compiling of the soils salinization maps for is considered one of the main problems.
Generally, some researchers performed different soil researches performed different soil researches in the Shirvan dwzw and compiled maps for the separate experimental areas [3, 7]. During the investigation they paid a special attention to salinization and solonetz ification problem in the soils of the experimental areas.
As is known the salinization and solonetzification problem of the3 soils is a serious problem and the agromelioratie and adrotexnical measures are required in order to prevent from it. Occuring these processes caused aggravation of the soils fertility parameters and atrong decrease of the agricultural plants.
The following soils according to the salinization degrees spread in the Ujar Support Point; unsalted soils 8,65 hectares; salinized to a weak degree - 8,25 hectares; the soils salinized to an average degree -5,62; the soils salinized to a strong degree -2,28 h; the soils salinized to a very strong degree - 0,20 h. According to the researchers consequences a salinization map was compiled at a scale of 1:2000 (pic. 1). While the map was compiling, V.R.Volobuyev's classifications were used.
Table 1 - Change of the salts quantity in the soils of the Ujar Support Point
c/a mq-ekv % Total of salts, %
0 01 z Depth, by cm C03 HC03 CI S04 Ca Mg Na+K co3 HC03 CI S04 Ca Mg Na+K Dense residue, %-with
2012 year
? o 0-20 no 0.67 25.77 5.66 5.40 3.08 23.35 no 0,041 0,902 0,272 0,108 0,037 0,537 1,897 1,906
20-40 ... 0.64 30.94 3.71 5.45 3.42 26.04 ... 0,039 1,083 0,178 0,109 0,041 0,599 2,049 2,160
"o 40-60 ... 0.61 31.86 3.73 5.95 3.25 26.57 ... 0,037 1,115 0,179 0,119 0,039 0,611 2,100 2,223
X o 60-100 ... 0.61 31.91 3.75 6.00 3.17 26.65 ... 0,037 1,117 0,180 0,120 0,038 0,613 2,105 2,235
u 'r" 100-150 ... 0.64 30.83 6.73 6.60 3.92 27.09 ... 0,039 1,079 0,323 0,132 0,047 0,628 2,248 2,354
c >—' 150-200 ... 0.67 28.91 11.93 9.40 4.67 27.09 ... 0,041 1,012 0,573 0,188 0,056 0,623 2,493 2,523
i 200-250 ... 0.61 28.91 16.28 9.40 5.00 31.40 ... 0,039 1,012 0,782 0,844 0,060 0,655 2,788 2,845
0-20 no 0.52 28.09 3.77 5.75 3.50 22.83 no 0,032 0,983 0,181 0,115 0,042 0,525 1,878 1,995
20-40 ... 0.36 29.91 7.06 8.55 4.67 23.65 ... 0,022 1,047 0,339 0,171 0,056 0,544 2,179 2,234
o 40-60 ... 0.38 31.89 9.12 12.35 5.33 23.26 ... 0,023 1,116 0,438 0,247 0,064 0,535 2,423 2,567
o "3 ™ x 60-100 ... 0.36 33.46 10.81 11.65 5.25 27.87 ... 0,022 1,171 0,519 0,233 0,063 0,641 2,649 2,780
a ° u 100-150 ... 0.39 31.86 7.41 9.20 3.42 26.65 ... 0,024 1,115 0,356 0,184 0,041 0,613 2,333 2,453
E 150-200 ... 0.48 28.34 5.68 6.70 3.50 25.22 ... 0,029 0,992 0,273 0,134 0,042 0,580 2,050 2,116
200-250 ... 0.52 27.29 6.68 5.65 3.17 25.35 ... 0,032 0,955 0,321 0,113 0,038 0,583 2,042 2,109
2015 year
0-20 no 0,33 0,020 25,14 0,880 3,44 0,165 no 5,00 0,100 2,42 0,029 21,49 0,494 1,688 1,693
? o =3 D -C 20-40 ... 0,33 0,020 25,71 0,900 6,60 0,317 ... 7,65 0,153 3,50 0,042 23,18 0,533 1,965 1,968
40-60 ... 0,34 0,021 28,00 0,980 8,77 0,421 ... 11,10 0,222 4,17 0,050 21,84 0,502 2,196 2,200
60-100 ... 0,36 0,022 27,86 0,975 10,10 0,485 ... 10,85 0,217 4,00 0,048 23,47 0,540 2,287 2,289
o S-J 100-150 ... 0,33 0,020 27,63 0,967 7,08 0,340 ... 6,05 0,121 2,25 0,027 26,74 0,615 2,090 2,094
E 150-200 ... 0,41 0,025 25,00 0,875 5,35 0,257 ... 5,50 0,110 2,50 0,030 22,76 0,524 1,821 1,824
200-250 ... 0,41 0,025 23,83 0,834 6,25 0,300 ... 4,50 0,090 2,08 0,025 23,91 0,550 1,824 1,829
0-20 no 0,49 0,030 25,23 0,883 3,56 0,171 no 5,25 0,105 2,67 0,032 21,36 0,491 1,712 1,715
20-40 ... 0,33 0,020 28,57 1,000 6,85 0,329 ... 8,05 0,161 3,83 0,046 23,87 0,549 2,105 2,107
U-20 How) 40-60 ... 0,34 0,021 28,74 1,006 8,91 0,428 ... 11,35 0,227 4,50 0,054 21,14 0,509 2,245 2,249
60-100 ... 0,34 0,021 28,60 1,001 10,60 0,509 ... 11,15 0,223 4,42 0,053 23,97 0,551 2,358 2,362
o x 100-150 ... 0,36 0,022 28,71 1,005 7,20 0,346 ... 6,20 0,124 2,58 0,031 27,49 0,632 2,160 2,166
o S-J 150-200 ... 0,44 0,027 25,49 0,892 5,48 0,263 ... 5,70 0,114 2,67 0,032 23,04 0,530 1,858 1,861
E 200-250 ... 0,49 0,030 25,43 0,855 6,48 0,311 ... 5,15 0,103 2,33 0,028 23,92 0,550 1,877 1,882
0,41 0025 24,34 0,852 6,20 0,298 4,75 0,095 2,08 0,025 24,12 0,555 1,850 1,856
Ganja
Rail way
Baku
c
A
fO
The conventional sin^s
Drainase
U777A
Irrigation channels Way (road) Home laboratory Garden (kindergarten) Borden lines Cuts
Name of gradations
Un salted Weak salinized Average salinized Strong salinized Very strong salinized
Salinization decrees
Salinization degrees. %
Colors
Areas, li
<0.25 - B.65
0,25-0,5 8,25
0,5-1,0 5,62
1,0-2,0 2.28
2,0-3,0 0,20
Picture 1 - Salinization map of the soils in the Ujar Support Point (2016). M 1:2000, compiled under a leadership of the academician
M.P.Babayev and Y.AMajaisky; F.M.Mustafayev
CONCLUSION Asa result of the investigations the water-physical characters in the soils of the Ujar Support Point have been studied and it was determined that their indices changed as the followings': a quantity of physical clay -51,10-70,10 %; humus-2,58-0,61 %; nitrogen 0,20-0,08 %; special weight-2,51-2,80 g/cm3; bulky weight-1,29-1,56 g/cm3; total humid capacity-28,40-36,62 %; porosity- 44,30-54,20 %; CaCO3-11,55-15,58 %; pH 7,6-8,8; gypsum-0,244-0,944 %; a sum of the absorbed bases -11,10-30,95 mg.ekv.
Taking into account the microrelief in the research areas a salinization map
was compiled at a scale of 1:2000 in the experimental plot of the Shirvan plain. It was fixed in the soils of the Ujar Support Point: salinized soils-8,65h; weak salinized-8,25 h; aerage salinized-5, 62 h strong salinized 2,28 h and very strong salinized soils-o,2h.
The researches show that the salts change along the profile is variousin soil, 0,134-2,785 % (1,69-2,79 % in mikro-hollows). The salt type is sulphate in the soils, but it is sulphate-chlorine, chlorine, chlorine-sulphate in some places, as sulphate and chlorine ions exceed in the salts composition of the experimental area.
REFERENCES
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5 Arinushkina E.V. Guidance on chemical analysis of soils. - M.: MSU, 1970. - P. 488.
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7 Mustafayev M.G. Condition of the investigation of saline soils in the Kur-Araz Lowland. Problems of the irrigative land melioration: water-provision and effience use // Reports of the Republic scientific-practical conference (14-15sent.). - Shimkent, 2006. - P. 136-138.
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TYmH
Мустафаев Ф.М., Мустафаев М.Г., Джебраилова ГГ.
ТЭЖ1РИБЕ ТЕЛ1МШЩ ТОПЫРАЦТАРЫНЫН, Т¥ЗДАНУ YРДIСIНЕ ЭСЕР1 (ШИРВАН
ДАЛАСЫ МЫСАЛЫНДА) Эзiрбайжан улттыц гылым академиясыныц топырацтану жэне агрохимия институты, AZ1073, Баку, М.Рагима квшеа, 5, Эзiрбайжан, e-mail: [email protected]
Ширван даласыньщ Уджар тэжiрибе телiмшщ топырак;тарыньщ туздану YPДiсiне микрорельефтщ эсерi зерттелдь Зерттеулер нэтижелерi тепс телiмдерге ;араганда
шагын ойпац жерлерде туздардыц мелшершщ бiрнеше есе жогары eKeHiH KepceTTi. Шагын ойпац жерлерде туздану дэpeжeci орташа, KYштi жэне ете KYштi болатыны аныщталды. Тeгic тeлiмдepдe тузданбаган жэне элйз дэрежеде тузданган топырак;тар таралган. Алынган деректер нэтйжeciндe осы аумактыц топырактарыныц туздануыныц картасы жасалынган.
TyuiHdi свздер: туздар мeлшepi, тузданган топырак;тар, топыра; туздануыныц картасы, туздар тит, гумус, микрорельеф.
РЕЗЮМЕ
Мустафаев Ф.М., Мустафаев М.Г., Джебраилова Г.Г.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОРЕЛЬЕФА НА ПРОЦЕСС ЗАСОЛЕНИЯ ПОЧВ ОПЫТНОГО УЧАСТКА
(НА ПРИМЕРЕ ШИРВАНСКОИ СТЕПИ) Институт Почвоведения и Агрохимии НАНА, Az 1073, Баку, ул. М.Рагима, 5, Азербайджан, e-mail: meliorasiya [email protected]
Изучено влияние микрорельефа на процесс засоления почв Уджарского опытного участка Ширванскои степи. Исследования показали, что в микропонижениях содержание солеи в несколько раз выше, чем на ровных участках. Установлено, что в микропонижениях почвы имеют среднюю, сильную и очень сильную степень засоления. На ровных же участках распространены незасоленные и в слабои степени засоленные почвы. На основе полученных данных составлена карта засоления даннои территории.
Ключевые слова: количество солеи, засоленные почвы, карта засоления, типы солеи, гумус, микрорельеф.
