CC BY
0IMMIGRATION: REASONS, DIFFICULTIES OF ADAPTATION, PRESERVATION
OF CULTURE; DATA ANALYSIS. Kham A.Ch.Y.
Kham Anastasiya Chong Yong - 11th grade student, PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SECONDARY SCHOOL"KOMASHINSKY", PRIMORSKYKRAI, VILLAGESLAVYANKA
Abstract: this article delves into the complexities of migration, examining the diverse reasons that compel people to leave their homeland and the subsequent challenges they face during the process. It explores different types of migration—voluntary and forced, internal and external, organized and spontaneous—along with the various factors influencing these movements, such as military conflicts, economic opportunities, family reunification, education, and environmental conditions. The article also discusses the adaptation process of immigrants, highlighting both internal and external difficulties encountered during relocation. Through the analysis of survey data from over a thousand respondents who have migrated to different countries, including a focused analysis on those who moved to South Korea, the study identifies the key trends and common issues faced by immigrants over the past three decades. The findings offer insights into the motivations behind migration and the emotional and practical challenges immigrants encounter as they settle into new environments.
Keywords: migration, reasons, difficulties of adaptation, preservation of culture, data analysis.
УДК 314.742
Introduction
Migration has been a persistent phenomenon throughout human history, driven by a variety of factors such as environmental conditions, economic and political instability, or personal aspirations. Regardless of the reasons, immigration entails significant life changes, requiring individuals to adapt to new environments. This article examines the common difficulties faced by immigrants, aiming to provide insights for those considering or currently undergoing migration.
Chapter I: Migration - General Concepts
Migration, derived from the Latin "migratio," refers to the movement of people from one place to another. It can be classified into several types: external vs. internal, permanent vs. temporary, and voluntary vs. forced migration.
• Voluntary Migration occurs when individuals choose to move to improve their living conditions.
• Forced Migration is driven by external pressures like war, political repression, or natural disasters.
• Permanent Migration involves settling in a new location indefinitely, while Temporary Migration may involve returning home after a period.
• Organized Migration is often supported by government policies, while Spontaneous Migration occurs without such support, often leaving migrants without adequate protection.
Internal migration happens within a country, such as rural to urban shifts, while external migration involves moving to another country. In this context, a person who leaves their country is an emigrant, and one who enters another is an immigrant.
Chapter II: Causes of Migration - Adaptation, Difficulties, and Problems
The reasons for migration are diverse, ranging from seeking a better standard of living to escaping war. Each type of migration brings unique challenges during the adaptation process.
Common Causes of Migration:
• Military Conflicts: One of the oldest reasons for migration, people flee to preserve their lives.
• Standard of Living: Countries with high living standards attract immigrants seeking better economic opportunities.
• Family and Love: Reuniting with family or following a loved one often drives migration.
• Education, Employment, and Business: Opportunities for higher education, better job prospects, or business ventures are significant motivators.
• Volunteering/Missionary Work: Some migrate to carry out humanitarian or religious missions, often staying permanently.
• Climate and Environment: More favorable climates or safer environments can also be motivators.
Adaptation and Challenges:
Migration requires individuals to leave behind their previous lives, facing both internal (emotional, psychological) and external (cultural, financial) challenges. Adaptation can vary, with some adjusting quickly and others struggling with homesickness or cultural differences. Immigrants may experience financial difficulties, language barriers, or changes in social status, depending on the destination.
Statistics and Data Analysis
A survey conducted with over a thousand participants reveals trends in migration over the past 30 years. The survey covers various aspects, including the countries people migrate to, the reasons for their relocation, and the difficulties they face during adaptation.
Key Findings:
• Country and Time of Relocation: Survey respondents now reside in over 70 countries, with South Korea, Germany, Russia, the USA, and Israel being the most mentioned.
• Reasons for Migration: Quality of life, education, and forced migration are the predominant reasons, with variations depending on the period of migration.
Migration Over Time:
o >20 years ago: Quality of life improvements and personal reasons were the main motivators. o 10-20 years ago: Education and employment were primary drivers.
o 5-10 years ago: Forced migration became more common, alongside quality of life improvements. o <5 years ago: Quality of life and education/work remain key reasons, with forced migration still significant. Post-Migration Experience:
Post-migration, many face difficulties like language barriers, emotional stress, and financial challenges. Despite successful adaptation, emotional ties to the homeland often persist, causing varying degrees of homesickness. Case Study: Immigration to South Korea
South Korea has seen a significant increase in immigrants, particularly in the last five years. The reasons for migration to Korea align with global trends, with education, employment, and forced measures being the most common.
Key Trends:
• Recent Years: Forced migration to Korea has increased significantly compared to education or employment-driven migration.
• Adaptation in Korea: Challenges include language barriers, homesickness, and cultural differences, with varying levels of success in adaptation.
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