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369HYPERBOLE IS THE EXAGGERATION OF ANY
STATEMENT Ibrakhimova D.T.
Ibrakhimova Dilshoda Turayevna - Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, INSTITUTE OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING, KARSHI CITY, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article deals with the analysis of hyperbole in English. The study of the use of hyperbole has always been one of the most important, interesting and disputable problems of not only Typology or Stylistics, but also of general linguistics. Hyperbole is exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Hyperbole is one of the common expressive means of our everyday speech. Due to long and repeated use hyperboles have lost their originality.
Keywords: context, linguistics, transferred, interrelation, contextual, stylistic device, hyperbole.
Words in a context may acquire additional lexical meanings not fixed in the dictionaries, what we have called contextual meanings. The latter may sometimes deviate from the dictionary meaning to such a degree that the new meaning even becomes the opposite of the primary meaning. What is known in linguistics as transferred meaning is practically the interrelation between two types of lexical meaning: dictionary and contextual. The expressive means of the language are studied respectively in manuals of phonetics, grammar, lexicology and stylistics. Stylistics, however, observes not only the nature of an expressive means, but also its potential capacity of becoming a stylistic device.
According to Prof I.R. Galperin s definition Stylistic Devise is a conscious and intentional intensification of some type structural or semantic property of a language unit promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative model [1]. Stylistic Devise must always have some function in the text, besides they bring some additional information. The conception that words possess
several meanings gives rise to such Stylistic Devises as metaphor, metonymy, irony, epithet, hyperbole and others.
Hyperbole is one of the easiest of figures of speech. Wondering what a hyperbole is? Well, hyperbole is nothing but the exaggeration of any statement. The statement is made only for a dramatic effect, however, it does increase the beauty of speech. That is why we see the use of hyperbole in almost every genre of literature. One of the classic hyperbole examples is, 'I called you a million times', here the literal meaning is not intended, no one actually calls a million times however, it is used to stress the fact that the person had called a maximum number of times. Hyperbole can be expressed by different parts of speech.
Adjective: He is older than the hills.
Noun: I'm so hungry I could eat a goose with its beak!
Number: I have told you a million times not to lie!
Verb: If I don't get these jeans, I will die!
Aristotle says that hyperbole is a figure suited only to a person enraged or to children who exaggerate everything.
Hyperbole is exaggeration. It puts a picture into the "reader" mind. Hyperbole is frequently used in humorous writing: You could have knocked me over with a feather.
Hyperbole in Prose. Hyperbole is used for emphasis or humorous effect. With hyperbole, an author makes a point by overstating it. Hyperbole is common in tall tales. Here is an example:
At three weeks, Paul Bunyan got his family into a bit of trouble kicking around his little tootsies and knocking down something like four miles of standing timber.
Hyperbole in Poetry. Hyperbole is common in humorous poetry. Hyperbole can make a point in a light-hearted way. It can be used to poke fun at someone or something. For example, read this description of a dull town.
It's a slow burg — I spent a couple of weeks there one day.
Carl Sandburg, "The People, Yes".
Examples of hyperboles can be found literature and oral communication. A hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a point. They would not be used in nonfiction works, like
medical journals or research papers, but are perfect for fictional works, especially to add color to a character or humor to the story. Hyperboles are comparisons, like similes and metaphors, but are extravagant and even ridiculous.
On occasion, newspapers and other forms of media use hyperbole when speaking of an accident, to increase the impact of the story. This is more often found in tabloid newspapers, which often exaggerate accounts of events to appeal to a wider audience. Similarly to its uses in media, hyperbole can be used by political parties or organizations as a means for overstating the impact or necessity of legislation or task rules.
Now that we know what figures of speech are, we can get into the details of what a hyperbole is. A hyperbole is a figure of speech used in the English language. The word hyperbole has its origin in the Greek language and means excess or exaggeration. By definition, a hyperbole is nothing but a trope composed of exaggerated words or ideals used for emphasis. Also described as 'the implied simile', hyperbole is a figure of speech in which statements are exaggerated to create an impact and are not supposed to be interpreted literally. Hyperboles are commonly used in prose as well as poetry. However, although valued in creative writing, hyperboles are avoided in formal writing or business writing.
References
1. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. Moscow: Higher school, 1981. P. 289.
2. Heidi Shelton Jenck. Teaching About Hyperbole Guest. Longman: London,1992. P. 267.
3. Wales Katie. A Dictionary of Stylistics. Pearson Education, 2001. P. 315.
