CC BY
27
Hygienic assessment planning house of mercy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Ashurova Mukadas Dzhaloldinovna, Fergana branch Tashkent Medical Academy E-mail: muki1975@mail.ru
Hygienic assessment planning house of mercy of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Аbstract: The preservation and strengthening of health of the younger generation is very important hygienically complete habitat that is determined by the degree of accomplishment and sanitary condition of educational and training institutions. Keywords: House of Mercy, planning, zoning, land, building, swimming pool, natural and artificial lighting.
Relevance of the work
In the new conditions of development of sovereign Uzbekistan formation of humanism and charity as essential qualities of democracy becomes one of the most important tasks of education and educational work in all educational institutions, including general education, secondary education, education, charity houses, colleges, high schools and universities [1].
The development of these qualities can be successfully carried out during the formation of the whole person, having high moral and spiritual principles, which stores and contributing to the development of national culture. Features of the individual to a large extent determined by the way of life activities, including lifestyle, providing education of a healthy generation, which is a child learns to take care of health as their own, and others. Hygienic training and education of the population, promotion of healthy lifestyles — are one of the most important parts of preventive health care destinations. The preservation and strengthening of health of the younger generation is very important hygienically complete habitat that is determined by the degree of accomplishment and sanitary condition of educational and training institutions [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8].
Purpose of the study
Post a hygienic assessment ofplanning and residential building orphanages in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the goal, we have the following tasks:
1. Hygienic assessment of the land and the building of orphanages;
Hygienic assessment of the living conditions and residential building orphanages;
Hygienic evaluation of the condition of sanitary facilities (heating, water, sewer).
Materials and methods
The subjects to assess the hygienic substantiation and evaluation of devices and the content of orphanages selected charity homes are located in the city of Tashkent, Andijan, Namangan and Margilan.
Hygienic assessment plan orphanages were determined by the following indicators:
1. General information on boarding schools (House of Mercy): type orphanages (junior, middle); the number of students, which is designed to house of mercy.
2. Distribution of land. Area landscaping, traffic routes, zoning, organization of waste collectors.
3. The building of:
a) Location at the site;
b) The number of floors and the composition (centralized, block with warm transitions, pavilions);
c) The union premises in the complex (training, sleeping, school-wide, administrative, commercial premises), or in teaching and residential sections.
4. The complex of classrooms: classrooms and training rooms; laboratory; premises for labor training; gym; Assembly Hall;
2.
3.
recreational facilities; library; The lobby and dressing room with a dryer; living room; washrooms and toilets.
5. Sleeping quarters: bedrooms; washrooms and toilets at the bedrooms; showers; a room for cleaning clothes and shoes.
6. Dining: dining room; kitchen.
7. Medical item insulator.
8. Sanitary facilities and installations; daylight.
In the study of illumination using light meter U-116. The study was conducted in accordance with GOST 29940. In assessing the performance of natural and artificial light guided SNIP (KMK 2.01.05.98).
Results and discussion
The study of hygienic assessment of living conditions of residents conducted in orphanages located in the city of Namangan, Margilan, Andijan and Tashkent. All known charity house built to the standard project. Power Project — 100 seats, organizing — developer Glavtashkentstroy year development projects 60-70 years. All the houses of mercy are a 2-storey brick building. The number of students at the time of the survey is in the house of mercy Margilan 96 children (43 girls, 53 boys) in the house of mercy city of Namangan — 153 children (75 girls, 78 boys), 86 children living in the home of mercy city of Andijan (42devochek, 44 boys) and in the house of mercy in Tashkent 95 children (40 girls, 45 boys). Study location orphanages in the city plan showed Margilan House of Mercy is located in the neighborhood, Namangan and Andijan House of Mercy — in a residential area, the city of Tashkent Mercy House is located in a residential area. The study of buffer zones to the nearest residential, public and industrial buildings showed Margilan House of Mercy is located at a distance of 75 meters, Namangan House of Mercy — 100 meters, Andijan House of Mercy — at a distance of 50 meters, the House of Mercy in Tashkent is located at a distance of 150 meters. Removal from the trunk of mercy Margilan house is situated at a distance of 32 meters, Namangan House of Mercy — at a distance of 25 meters, Andijan House of Mercy — at a distance of 45 meters, the house of Tashkent Mercy located at a distance of 30 meters (50 meters with sanitary norms). All the houses of mercy protected. The height of the fence Margilan House ofMercy is 1.5 meters, Namangan — 1.4 m., Andijan House ofMer-cy — 1.2 meters, the house of Mercy of Tashkent — 1.5 meters. Area landscaping Margilan House of Mercy is 49 %, in the house of mercy Namangan — 44 %, Andijan house charity — 46 %, planting area of the house of Tashkent Mercy is 42 %. If we take note of the rate of planting area is 60 %, it can be determined that the planting area of the territory of all homes do not meet the sanitary rules. Lot sizes, from 1.5 to 6 hectares, the area is landscaped, paved area, the percentage of construction — 47 %. In the presence ofplaygrounds and sports grounds in Margilan House of Mercy has track and field area, there is no ground for handball, gymnastics area, but there is a combined volleyball and basketball. Not available pool available, breaks up farm buildings — 25 m.
Section 5. Medical science
In Namangan home of mercy no pool, no soccer, track and field, a playground for handball, golf gym, an on-site playground for volleyball and basketball, but they are not equipped. In Andijan house of mercy it has a swimming pool, athletics playground for handball, golf gym equipped with a combined volleyball and basketball. Tashkent House of Mercy more landscaped, a swimming pool, soccer, track and field ground for handball, gymnastics and golf equipped combined volleyball and basketball. In assessing the type of building is set: all studied at home mildoserdiya corridor type, Andijan gallery type of charity house building block system, the Tashkent House ofMercy — compact type. All houses have a charity medical room size 12-14 m 2. Dressing area in Margilan house of mercy is 65 m 2, in Namangan — 45 m 2, in Andijan — 52 m 2 and 60 m 2 Tashkent. Evaluation dressing area by comparison with the sanitary standards showed that the house charity Namangan dressing area does not meet sanitary standards. In the building there are ordinary, end, angular, semi-detached, triplex, chetyrehkvartirnye section. A built-in institutions (hospitals, laundries, shops, canteens, child care facilities, etc.) in all houses there is no mercy. The size of the main building is the width of 50 meters, length 250 meters. Features of the building: the foundation 1.5 meters, has waterproofing, basement has a dry, not used on purpose; exterior walls are constructed from a material sand and cement, plaster, thickness 3-10 cm., the overall design; internal partitions — brick material, concrete slabs, 20-25 cm. thick, concrete structure; intercommunication overlap — material reinforced concrete slabs, wood beams rubble, fillers, design, sound and waterproofing are met, the finished floor material — chipboard, parquet, linoleum; attic floor — wood material, design — cipher, tiles, insulation — glass package; roofing — plain, combined with technical attic; stairs — march width — 1.1-1.5 meter, the number of marches between floors — 2 March, the number of stages in the march — 12 things, step height — 30 cm. Natural lighting stairs — enough; the possibility of ventilation; windows (with conventional binders), height 50 cm. and width of 70 cm., their area of 3.5 m 2 glazed surfaces, the exterior doors of the apartments have a material timber, a wooden structure, the thickness of20-30 cm. All orphanages has central heating, central water, central sewerage.
Conclusions:
1. Structure and content of charity houses, generally meets the modern hygienic standards for the planning, however, there are some variations on the wind rose, on allocation of land for gardening area, the area of residential buildings, especially in orphanages located in the adapted premises.
2. Boarding schools should be located in the green zone, the suburbs, the countryside, in areas remote from industrial, utility and agricultural facilities, railways and roads with heavy traffic, transformer substations and other sources of electromagnetic radiation.
3. Each institution must have an independent site, remote from the main line at least 30 meters. The dimensions of each area must comply with the correct location of the necessary buildings and structures, as well as to create the most favorable hygienic conditions for the normal development and life of children.
4. On the land should be clearly identified the main areas: recreation, sports, educational and experimental (subsistence farming), shopping. The recreation area is intended for the organization of mobile and quiet games, individual lessons outdoors pupils. Group sites for preschool children around the perimeter of the ring connected to the track width of 1.5 meters (for cycling, study traffic rules and of the like).
5. The area of gardening site should be at least 50 %. Green spaces should not interfere with access to sunlight in the building of residential buildings and the need to protect the building and the site group from overheating; shrubs should be planted no closer than 5 m., and the trees — 10 meters from the building.
6. Buildings residential institutions must be located in separate buildings of no more than three floors. During the construction of buildings higher storeys is prohibited to use the third floor above to stay children. Depending on the capacity and the climatic conditions of the building can be compact, block or pavilion structure. Buildings should be equipped with systems of domestic water, fire and hot water supply, sewerage and central heating.
7. Orphanages living conditions, devices and content must comply with sanitary rules and norms № 031-14.
References:
1. Sanitary rules for devices and content "of Mercy" homes. Sanitary rules and norms № 0311-14. Approved the chief state sanitary doctor of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 29, 2014.
2. Alimov A. V., Seythalilov E. A. School health: state and problems//Bulletin of the Association of Physicians Uzbekiatana. - 1999. -№ 1. - P. 1.
3. Grebnyak N. P. Sanitary and epidemiological characteristics of the medium kindergartens//N. P. Grebnyak, L. D. Agarkova//Hygiene and sanitation. - 2000. - № 6. - S. 46-48.
4. Dyachkova M. G. Features health and development of children who are brought up in children's homes/M. G. Djachkov, V. I. Makarova, L. I. Menshikov and others//Ros. pediatrician. Zh. - 2004. - № 3. - S. 57-58.
5. Dolgushin V. V. Hygiene and medical and social aspects of formation of health of pupils of institutions for orphans/Author. Diss. cand. honey. Sciences. - Omsk, 2008. - 100 p.
6. Normatova Sh. A., Ashurova M. D., Ermatova G. A., Hozhimatov X. O., SultonovG. N., Boltaboev U. A. Actual problems of ecology and health of the population in Uzbekistan//Actual problems of the humanities and natural sciences. - Moscow, 2014. -№ 05(64). - S. 208-211.
7. Ashurova M. D. The level and structure of morbidity orphanage. Actual problems of ecology and health of the population in Uzbekistan/Actual problems of the humanities and natural sciences. - Moscow, 2014. - № 05(64). - S. 201-203.
8. Bahritdinov Sh. S., Ahmadaliev R. U., Normatova Sh. A., Ermatova G. A., Ashurova M. D., Hoshimova A. Y., Boltaboev U. A. Actual problems of environmental health and the working environment in the context of the Fergana valley in Uzbekistan. - Tomsk, 2010. -Volume 1, № 3. - P. 6-7.
