CC BY
28
Sherquzyev Doniyor Shermamatovich, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Namangan city, Uzbekistan Shirinov Shavkat Davlatovich, Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Tashkent town, district Shurbazar, Uzbekistan Yusupov Muzaffar Orifjonovich, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Namangan city, Uzbekistan Asqarova Oydin,
Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Namangan city, Uzbekistan E-mail: doniyor_8184@mail.ru
HYDROGEL PRODUCTION OF NEW GENERATION BASED ON LOCAL RAW MATERIALS
Abstract: The article explains information on the synthesis of new macromolecular hydrogels based on HYPAN and CMC (Carboxymethylcellulose) with new sewing agents, looked through synthesized products and determined their structure by various physico-chemical and physicomechanical methods, shows the making and developing of industrial production of import-substituting products from local raw materials and industrial wastes to saturate the domestic market.
The resulted hydrogels are used where there is not enough water, in places where the earth is rich in salts, to save mineral fertilizer, in perfumery and other spheres for complete or partial solution of the problems.
Keywords: hydrogel, cellulose, starch, HYPAN, CMC, polyphosphate.
1. Introduction
The creation of hydrogel by scientists prompted the necessity of receiving guaranteed harvests under any weather conditions and in all regions of the Earth, as the population of the world began to increase sharply after World War II, but the size of the cultivated land remained the same. The only way to feed people was to increase the yields and development of unsuitable lands, namely, steppes, semi-deserts, deserts and even sandstones. The rapid development of organic chemistry and the synthesis of new compounds played a decisive role in this sphere. Chemists of Germany, France, England, America have resulted great successes. Having modern chemical production and powerful science, these countries created first commercial samples of hydrogel, and realized and put into production and started to produce in thousands of tons. Wherein, a double problem was solved in the best hydrogel samples. This, on the one hand, hydrogel participated in the structuring of soil, and on the other hand it fertilized the soil on account of digestible compounds with potassium which are part of the hydrogel. So in the German hydrogel consist of 21% potassium compounds. Such a joint combination of useful attributes of the hydrogel makes it possible to obtain a guaranteed yield increase on amount of 30-60% annually in large areas and in different climatic zones [1-7].
Currently, more attention is being paid to the environment and among others German scientists go a few steps ahead of the rest. The Germans created the world's first potassium polyacrylate cross-linked hydrogel. This is a nonacryl-amide hydrogel - Shtokosorb 660 series, generally which has no restrictions of dose to the soil application. The rest of the countries, including France, produce a hydrogel which consists of acrylamide and potassium acrylate, which correspond to the quality and ecology of the Shtokosorb 500 series, had produced before 2011. Above mentioned product's composition not more than 0.02% acrylamide and 0.06% acrylic acid. Fully in compliance with the EU directive 93/112 / EC. Nowadays, Germany and France are considered the world's largest producers of hydrogels for agriculture.
In 2010, according to the appeal of the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan, work began on developing a technology for the production of a new generation of polymer superabsor-bents (hydrogels) with a special modification for agriculture and forestry, vegetable growing, crop production and other related areas.
In summer, 2011 was obtained the first pilot batch of superabsorbent (hydrogel) "Akvasin" and this date is to be considered as the birthday of a new product.
Superabsorbent "Akvasin" is a granule of a cross-linked copolymer of potassium and ammonium salts of acrylic acid, which is developed specially on modification (Agro) for safe and effective introduction into the soil. Distinctive features of the modification (Agro) is a rapid and voluminous absorption of moisture (several minutes up to 400 times its weight), a full yield of moisture to plants (up to 95%), reduced product consumption, the ability to absorb mineralized water, a universal combination of different granule sizes for wide use.
2. Materials and methods
In the State Unitary Enterprise of Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology (SUE TSRICHT)
1400
I 1200 § 1000 --
were synthesized more than 15 kinds of hydrogels based on HYPAN (hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile), K-4 (hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) PAA (polyacrylamide), CMC (carboxy-methyl cellulose), starch, cellulose, Polyphosphate, which lead to the formation of a reticular spatial structure possessing high water-absorbing properties [8-9, 13]. The resulting hydrogels are able to absorb more than 300-350 g of water per 1 g of hydrogel.
2.1. Experimental set up
The figl. shows the comparative kinetics of swelling in distilled water of some types of local hydrogels and French hydrogels (AKVASORB3005)
tw O eg
J3
o <u
K
eg <u Q
800 --
600
400
200
10
20 30 40 Time min.
50 80
120
0
0
5
Figure 1. Kinetics of swelling of various hydrogels: 1 - French Hydrogel (AKVASORB3005); 2 - HYPAN1; 3 - HYPAN+E; 4 - HIPAN+F 5* - K-4+EHGA
When the hydrogel begins grinding to 0.2 mm, the degree of swelling reaches 350 in 30 minutes, the hydrogel with an average grinding fraction from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm swells to 350 in 50 minutes, and hydrogel particles more than 1.0
mm reach a swelling degree 320 only after 60 minutes. It can be concluded that in small fractions of hydrogel, the swelling time reaches a maximum twice as fast as particles with granules of more than 1.0 mm.
Figure 2. Dependence of swelling hydrogel on time: 1 - Fine fraction up to 0.2 mm.2 - Average fraction, from 0.2 mm. Up to 1.0. 3 - Large fraction, granular form - more than 1.0 mm
When hydrogel is dried at a temperature 45-50 °C at a weight of 50 g., in the first three days of drying, the moisture loss was respectively 30; 35; 20g. This shows that in hot climatic conditions it is possible to keep moisture in the ground by hydrogels [10-13].
3. Results and discussion
At present, the State Unitary Enterprise of Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology and Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology are carrying out a joint innovation project on the theme of "Technology for the introduction of highly swellable hydrogels for the economical use of water."
Table 1. - Indicators of highly swellable hydrogels in soil
Indicators Areas where hydrogel was not used Area where the hydrogel was used Difference in indicators Saved resources (UZS)
1 2 3 4 5
Land area ha. 1 1 no no
Natural conditions Rain Heat Humidity Wind The natural resources in both areas are the same The natural resources in both areas are the same no no
Sort and type of sowing Cotton - kind of «6524» Cotton - kind of «6524» no no
Sowing time At the same time At the same time no no
The amount of used hydrogel (kg) not 60 60 1800000
Hydrogel using time and the method of use not On July 15, in 2016, before flowering and together with mineral fertilizers not Using does not require additional capital expenses
Number of agricultural cycles 9 times 7 times 2 times
Number of used mineral fertilizers (kg) 1000 800 200
Number of soil irrigation 4 times 10000 cub.m. 3 times 7500 cub.m. 1 time 2500 cub.m.
No need to irrigate in the second cycle of spring wheat sowing 1 time 2500 cub.m. not 1 time 2500 cub.m.
Markings in the stems of cotton and their average height (cm) 69-91 97-120 28-29
Root system of cotton (cm) 24-32 37-46 13-14
Stems of cotton obtained from 1 hectare 2 4 2 800000
Flower persistence of cotton (%) 40-50 more than 80 40
Number of boxes 14-21 37-59 23-38
Cotton condition in stress during heat and drought (%) 100 Not noticeably 100
Average fertility (m / g) 30 50-54 26
On July 15, 2018, highly swellable hydrogels were tested and introduced on the farm "Ahror Abror Anvarbek", which were developed by the scientific collaborators of Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology together with the staff of the Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology and Inter-polymer LLC. Highly swellable hydrogels are used for the economical use of water and use as mineral fertilizers in the soil. This development highly reduces the flow ofwater during irrigation, and also reduces the consumption of mineral fertilizers in the soil.
As a result of the tests, obtained the following results.
1 2 3 4 5
Hydrogel saving in the following years (kg) in the 2 nd year-10 kg, in the 3rd year -20 kg less used Not 10 10 300000
Capital expenses for each crop area (UZS) 2207500 1652500 555000
Profit from each sowing area (UZS) 1692500 5237500-180000=3437500 1745000
Productivity 1745000
Developed by scientific staff of State Unitary Enterprise of Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology (SUE TSRICHT) together with staff of Namangan Engineering and Technology Institute and Inter-polymer LLC, high-swellable hydrogels are used as an economical use of water and mineral fertilizers in the soil [14-17]. The results showed that the use of high swellable hydrogels on an area of 2500 cubic meters, if the second time the area is used for sowing, then the savings will be 5000 cubic meters. Water, 200 kg of mineral fertilizers, the moisture of soil is maintained at the proper level and the agro technical processing of soil is reduced by half (fuel, wages, depreciation, transport). These
items of expenditure are also reduced, and in one season, you can save 10 kg hydrogel. The profit from hydrogel in the normal regime will amount to 1.745.000 thousand UZS.
4. Conclusion
As a result of the research, the data showed that the high-swelling hydrogel, developed by State Unitary Enterprise of Tashkent Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology, and Namangan Engineering and Technology Institute, saves water and mineral fertilizers, saves soil from salinization, reduces agrotechnical measures, and also conserves soil from drought, increases fertility, and teaches us how reasonable and frugal use of above mentioned factors.
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