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12МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА В XXI ВЕКЕ»
УДК 330.3
Abdurakhmanova R.S.
Master of the 1st course in Economics, profile in Accounting, Analysis and Audit
Dagestan State University (Russia, Makhachkala)
Scientific adviser: Gadzhieva S.A.
Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages Dagestan State University (Russia, Makhachkala)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: THE PLACE OF RUSSIA IN THE MODERN WORLD
Annotation. The article considers the origin, structure, role and necessity of the human development index. It also revealed the place of the Russian Federation in the ranking of countries for the development of human potential.
Keywords: human development index, human development index, quality of life, HDI.
Any state is responsible for the welfare of its population, which can be measured using an indicator characterizing the social and economic efficiency of the country and the quality of life of the population. This indicator is called the human development index.
The Human Development Index was developed at the United Nations in 1990 by a group of experts led by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul-Haq. According to experts in this study, social development should be assessed not only by national income, but also
by achievements in health and education, which are measurable in most countries. The Index is based not on subjective assessments of experts, but on real numerical indicators taken from official sources, therefore it is believed that it is relatively objective and verifiable. The HDI had its drawbacks, which its compilers openly recognized: in particular, it relied on national averages that hid the asymmetry in the distribution of goods, and therefore, in many cases, might not reflect the real situation in the countries studied [3].
As a result of the study, three private Indexes were identified that are used to calculate the HDI:
1) Life expectancy at birth;
2) The achieved level of education of the population;
3) Gross national income per capita in US dollars at purchasing power parity [1].
Each year, the HDI is jointly calculated by specialists from the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP) and independent international experts. Based on the final report provided by the UN, a final rating of states is compiled, where they are divided into four groups:
• Countries with a very high level of HDI;
• Countries with a high level of HDI;
• Countries with medium HDI;
• Countries with low HDI.
In the first group, experts include states with HDI values from 0.800 and higher, in the second with HDI from 0.700 to 0.799, in the third with HDI from 0.550 to 0.699, in the fourth with HDI less than 0.550. Accordingly, the states of the first group are characterized by a very high level of human development, and the states of the fourth group are characterized by a low level [5].
Next, we will move on to consider some countries with different levels of the HDI (Table 1):
Table 1
World Human Development Index for 2018
Country HDI
Norway 0,953
Switzerland 0,944
Germany 0,936
Canada 0,926
United States of America 0,924
Great Britain 0,922
Saudi Arabia 0,853
Russia 0,816
Belarus 0,808
Turkey 0,791
Azerbaijan 0,757
Kyrgyzstan 0,672
India 0,640
Afghanistan 0,498
The table is compiled by the author based on the site data: Human Development Index (HDI) by Country 2019 [Electronic resource] URL: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/hdi-by-country/ (Date of access: 11.25.2019).
Based on table 1, we can note that Norway ranks first with the highest HDI of 0.953 in the ranking of countries [2].
About the level of the HDI in Russia, we note that in the ranking of the HDI following the results of 2018, the Russian Federation takes 49th place and is included in the group of countries with a very high level of HDI. The main indicators of Russia are as follows: life expectancy at birth - 71.2 years; the expected duration of education is 15.5 years; the average duration of training is 12.0 years; gross national income per capita - $ 24,233 per year at purchasing power parity, expressed in international dollars. Such indicators indicate that every year the level of the HDI in Russia is gradually increasing, which indicates that in general the country has a relatively acceptable standard of living and there are opportunities for self-realization of the population [4].
So, the human development index is a combined indicator that is intended for cross-country comparison and measurement of living standards, literacy, education and longevity, as the main characteristics of the human potential of the studied territory. HDI help to determine the ranking of countries with high or low HDI indicators that characterize the country's social and economic efficiency.
Literature:
Human Development Index [Electronic resource] URL:
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/human-development-index/ (Date of access: 11.25.2019).
Human Development Index (HDI) by Country 2019 [Electronic resource] URL: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/hdi-by-country/ (Date of access: 11.25.2019). Human Development Index. Humanitarian Encyclopedia: Research [Electronic Resource] // Center for Humanitarian Technologies, 2006-2019 (last revised: 04/23/2019). URL: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/human-development-index/human-development-index-info (Date accessed: 11/15/2019).
Niyazi A.Sh. UNDP Human Development Report 2018: Trends and Indicators in the World
and Russia // Russia and the Muslim World. 2018. No4 (310). URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otchet-proon-po-razvitiyu-chelovecheskogo-potentsiala-
2018-tendentsii-i-pokazateli-v-mire-i-rossii (Date of access: 11.25.2019).
Prishchepova A. O. Statistical study of the human development index // Issues of Economics
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(Date of access: 11.25.2019).
