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Umrzakova N. S. assistant
Department of Pharmacology and Medical Biotechnology
Andijan State University
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
Abstarct: The article discusses about information on the history of pharmacology in the world and in Central Asia.
Keywords: pharmacology, health, diseases, medicines, medical care, healthy generation.
The laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", "On Public Health", "State Program of Health Reform" on strengthening medical care, protection of motherhood and childhood, the development of a healthy generation, the development of national medicine and pharmacy acceptance was of great importance.
Secondary health workers are responsible for maintaining the health of the population and preventing disease, promoting a healthy lifestyle, caring for patients and providing first aid.
The word pharmacology is derived from the Greek (pharmacon -medicine, logos - doctrine, science), meaning the science of drugs. Pharmacology differs radically from other disciplines in the field of pharmacy dealing with drugs (pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacognosy, drug technology, etc.) in its functions, goals and activities.
Pharmacology is a medical-biological science that deals with and solves issues other than pharmacy. According to modern concepts, pharmacology solves the following tasks:
1. To study the effects of various chemicals, including drugs, on the animal and human body and the resulting changes in body organs and systems;
2. Analyze the effects of substances and the changes that occur in the
body
determines the origin or mechanism of action of drugs by science and practice;
3. To study the legal links between the chemical structure and biological effects of drugs, to find new drugs on the basis of other directions, purposes and their application in medical practice;
4. Resolves the dosage, administration, side effects and other issues of drugs approved for use in practice.
The role of pharmacology in the use of about 10,000 drugs used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in medical practice is significant. After all, the study of these drugs and their application in practice is the main task of the above pharmacology.
A brief history of the development of pharmacology The older the history of human society, the more ancient the use of drugs for therapeutic purposes.
Because in primitive times, people tried to find a cure for various diseases and ailments in order to alleviate their pain.
At first, humans may have used food for this purpose, and in some cases it is unlikely that they imitated animals.
Ancient monuments found by Ebers (1837-1898) and papyrus data show that in ancient Egypt, some herbal medicines (opium, cannabis oil, etc.) were used for medicinal purposes. Such a method based on personal experience and observation is called the empirical period of treatment.
Information on the use of drugs in the next period collection and systematization activities can be tracked. These include information about various drugs in the works of Hippocrates (460-377 BC). Galen (129-211 AD) proposed several methods of preparation of some drugs. Drugs prepared on this technology (tinctures, liquid extracts, etc.) are called "Galenic drugs".
Historical documents show that drug treatment was highly developed in ancient times in China, Tibet, India, and Central Asian countries, and some progress has been made in this area.
Abu Ali ibn Sina is one of the scholars who made a great contribution to the development of pharmacology as a science and medicine in general.
Abu Ali ibn Sino (980-1037) was born in the village of Afshana, Bukhara region. Despite his young age, he studied philosophy with Abdullo Notili and medicine with Nukhal Qumri, and at the age of 16-17 he became an experienced doctor and a well-known judge.
More than 280 works by him are known, 40 of which are devoted to medical science. The most important of the scholar's works on medical science is The Laws of Medicine. It consists of 5 independent books, and books 2 and 5 contain information on pharmacology.
Book 2 perfectly describes the properties of more than 700 different drugs, describes the methods of their preparation and application. Book 5 of the work describes the method of preparation of complex dosage forms, their effects on the body and ways of consumption. Ibn Sina's "Laws of Medicine" in the formation of pharmacology and has been of great importance in its development. It has served as a guide for physicians in European countries for 6 centuries. The study of medicinal plants mentioned in the works is still going on.
The Ibn Sina Foundation has been established in the country to study the legacy of Ibn Sina and put them into practice.
The development of pharmacology in Russia has a rich history.
Peter II attached great importance to the planting and preparation of medicinal crops. By his order, 8 pharmacies were opened in Moscow. In 1783, the first State Pharmacopoeia was published in Latin. The following Russian scientists contributed to the development of pharmacology tremendous
contributors: J.P. Buxgeym, A.N. Nelyubin, A.A. Iovskiy, A.A. Sokolovskiy,
0.V. Zabelin, I.M. Dogel et al.
In addition, I.P. The research done by Pavlov and his students in the field of pharmacology is especially commendable deserves. I.P. In his physiological scientific work, Pavlov described the methods of pharmacology, which are of great importance, discovered the news.
S V Anichkov created a large school of pharmacologists. Of these, I. S. Zavodskaya, P.P. Denisenko, S.P. Boradsky and others are prominent scientists.
The scientist also has students in our republic. V.V. Zakusov (1903-1986) also headed the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy, then headed the Department of the First Moscow Medical Institute.
He later headed the UFA Pharmacological Research Institute. His scientific work on the pharmacology of analgesic, cardiovascular drugs is theoretical and from a practical point of view is remarkable in the world of medicine. His students A.V. Valdman, D.A. Xarkevich, Y.D. Ignatev and others were leading expert scientists recognized in the world of science. There are also students in our republic.
M.D. Significant work has been done by Mashkovsky and his students in the development and implementation of new drugs.
M.D. Mashkovsky's book "Drugs" is a basic guide for doctors and is well-known in the medical world. This guide has been translated into many languages and reprinted several times is coming.
The role of Russian scientists in the development of pharmacology in our country is great. Of these, I.I. Markelov, N.N. The scientific work of Kompantsev and his contribution to the training of students is great.
In addition, the Institute's Pharmacology Laboratory I.K. Komilov, M.B. Under the leadership of Sultanovs trained 10 doctors and candidates of science. In turn, a number of their students are successfully serving in various institutes and laboratories of the republic.
At the same time, the Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute is carrying out fundamental scientific work on the development of new effective drugs and their introduction into medical practice.
References:
1. Н.А.Мусаева. Фармакология асослари . Укув кулланма 2016й
2. Д.А.Харкевич. Фармакология. Учебник. 2017г
3. В.В.Майский. Фармакология.2012 й
"Экономика и социум" №6(85) ч.1 2021
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