CC BY
11Publication date: July 17, 2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3270656
Historical Sciences
HISTORY OF INFORMED SOCIETY: THE DISCOVERY OF TIME AND
SPACE
A
Yuldasheva, Mahfuza Qobiljonovna1
1PhD student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Kichik Xalqa Yo'li street, quarter G-9a , house 21-a, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, E-mail: mohi.83@mail.ru
Abstract
This article discusses the issues of the information society in shaping the culture of the peoples of Central Asia throughout the IX-XVI centuries. The history of the development of society, its role in modern globalized time and space is shown, completely new views on the history of mankind in the field of information are analyzed. Attention is drawn to an understanding of the life and essence of a person, as well as such phenomena as "informatization", and the hypotheses about the history of the developm ent of the information society on the analytical-comparative method are explained.
Keywords: woodcut, calligraphy, messenger, gospel lord, informatization, decree, conquest, documentation, process, historical memory.
I. INTRODUCTION
The style of conscious thinking, the desire to understand the life and the human essence, which has sent a radical change to the events of the last quarter of a century, is bringing about a whole new vision of the history of mankind. Historical memory is a system of important, separate information that humans have given to each other for centuries in oral, written form. Friends about legends, matals, proverbs and folk heroes can be called from the main sentence. Because they are so deeply absorbed in the traditions, customs, traditions of our people that it is difficult to distinguish them from our national spirituality. History is not only a simple description of past events, but also a major educational factor.
On the basis of knowledge of historical events, people form a sense of respect and love for their people, young people learn to be proud of what their ancestors did, on this basis mature spiritual qualities, such as national pride, national consciousness, grow, the worldview is strengthened.
21
The memory of the past brings us up, the increase in our consciousness is formed by hearing these historical memories and thinking about them. At us it is one of the means of emphasizing patriotism, our belonging to a certain country, Nation, people, urging us not to forget it.
Historical memory is also a solid thread that directly connects different generations, today with the past. And with them, we are introduced to the information processes that are reflected in different ways in certain periods.
II. METHODOLOGY
"This is directly a restoration of the historical reality, along with a scientific impartial assessment of historical processes, which necessitates a philosophical logical understanding of the historical process." In world history, there are a lot of processes that reflect the processes of unification and disintegration, and an example of this can be found as much as you want. The fact that these processes continue from the appearance of mankind to the present day is information, informatization.
Under each civilization, the information system developed under the influence of time and space. If we look at history, we can see that in "Avesto", which had reached us thirty centuries ago, it was also stated that any news, news should be evaluated with its completeness, authenticity, completeness, with its help, humanity should strive for goodness and goodness, and also that the methods and means of collecting and distributing information were included in the bulletin boards Our grandfather Sahibkiran Amir Temur also collected information about the events taking place in the state administration and widely used them in the administration of the state.
If mankind had oral communication for about three million years before the invention of writing, then five thousand years later he learned to print books on an industrial basis. Five hundred years after that, he got the phone, radio and television. And to switch from traditional hearing aids to computers, it took only fifty years. This historical fact itself shows the dynamics of the world-wide changes associated with the development of human thinking, the development of Science and technology. And the occurrence of computers turned the whole globe into a single information space, as a result of which, with the fate of each country, there was a reality connected with the fate of the whole world.
III. DISCUSSION
This discovery has been a major revolutionary change in the life of mankind as it has a world-wide significance and scope. And the "Mirror of the World", written in our ancient fairy tales, moved from the legendary fairy tales of the past to the original reality in our time, through modern technology, it would not be an exaggeration to say. In fact, it can not be exaggerated to say that the culture, which began with the discovery of ancient Chinese paper, was thousands of times improved and cultivated in the winch of times, until the creation of a printing workshop by the German engineer Gutenberg, the earliest discovery of communication, the discovery of Radio by Popov, were the first points of the
From time immemorial, the interest in the study of the universe in mankind has motivated us to make amazing inventions. In the same creative capacity tool, the name of many scientists was attributed to mango. Historians emphasize that each century has a special role for Man, its significance, which does not repeat the other. First stone inscriptions, then written papyri, and then through the mouthpieces, people came to each other using convenient methods of communicating messages.
22
What era is the information age for us, where does it take us? The American scientist Elvin Toffler described in his book" The Third Wave " the three main stages of human civilization as follows. "The first wave of changes - the revolution in agriculture - took thousands of years to come to an end. The second wave - the rise of industrial civilization-has already taken 300 years. To date, history has gone even faster, and there is a possibility that the third wave will pass through history for several decades." Perhaps the author himself proves that the third wave refers to the period of the developed information society, when we say, the era. The concept of information society arose in the 60-ies of the last century as an inalienable continuation of the concept of postindustrial society, voiced by prominent politicians and economic scientists. As the postindustrial society says, a structure with a stable economic lifestyle restored due to a highly industrialized, scientific and technical revolution comes to our eyes. The miraculous inventions that are created in this are not only inventions, but are directed to provide services and thereby generate unprecedented profits. Postindustrial society is a specific evolutionary process towards building an information society. The messages that were known to us and that were not, or the events of past times, the glorious scholars, the figures of literature and art, the Kings or the information related to the state administration, natural disasters, legends, even the internal experiences of the people, so to speak, the Sado - if coming from the church in general, most of the information about the Middle Ages For example, "one of the most important monuments of Sogdian created in the Turkic environment is the Bugut bitigtos (Bitig is found in the territory of present-day Mongolia), installed approximately in 583-588 years in connection with the death of the Turkish official Makhan tigin, who lived during the first Turkish rule.
In terms of IX-XVI centuries, looking at the history of the formation of the culture of the peoples of Central Asia, we found out the following about the processes of society, which were informed in that historical period. Abu Nasr Forabi, Abu Rayhon Beruni and other Oriental scholars have mastered and developed a great ancient philosophy, conveyed it to European specialists. The scientific ideas of Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd served as the philosophical, moral and scientific-natural basis of the education given in European universities in the XIV-XVII centuries, and they put forward their scientific and philosophical views on information, Reality, communication in their works.
Scientists have compiled books in different times and in different languages, in written form, in the style of poetry and prose. In the decrees and decrees, the social situation and circumstances of the events related to the kingdom are described. "Even despite the fact that" xylography" is the first, at the same time, the section of the discovery of glory of the method of printing, it has not been completely replaced by hand-written texts. Rare and valuable books were those-ordered by those officials to skillful scribers and Masters, and moved manually" " As we can see, rewriting was more developed than printing from wood at that time. With the current language in the transmission of messages and information to people, calligraphers have also taken an important place. In these ranks, we can bring hattot (scribers), merry people (calligraphers), letters and picture-makers to the fabric, lettercutters on wood and stone. And today the copy is uploaded to the modern technology-the apparatus of the copy. And we can say that the scriber was preserved at the level of the curse. At times when the printing technique of the press was not, the requirements for the labor and skill of these were very high. Without a doubt, we can say that in Central Asia in the performance of mass communication functions in the Middle Ages, and in the dissemination of knowledge, enlightenment and culture, the creation of printing techniques and typography, the service of which is incomparable, is a true discovery.
Experts also paid attention to the reliability and responsiveness of information. They have learned that oral information may not come out as accurate as it is, noting that documentality is strong in written texts. For example, Abu Rayhon Beruni writes about this: "writing is one of the types of message that can be considered more honorable than other types; where did we know the messages of the peoples, when there were no eternal traces of the pen?! I'm sorry " In fact, when the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of our history reaches us, messages, masterpieces written in the form of information, serve as a source of oasis. The first books that reflect a new understanding of the role of information in society were published when we added the term (Norbert Viner, "Cybernetics", 1948 y.) also, whatever the period of the developed information society may not exceed a century in total. Maybe that's why this period is called the "information age".
23
The developed information society may not exceed a century, but considering the fact that information came to the body as soon as humanity appeared, it is clear that in the time and space sets, it has been conducted research on politics, history, philosophy about its development and about the periods until it reached the present stage of development, and our growing scientists have
In ancient times (IX-XVI centuries) in the palaces there were transmitters of important information directly to the King. They are called differently in different works, for example: "chopar", "Messenger", "gospel", etc. And when we reconciled to the work of bayhaki, it became known that the one who was sent with an important assignment would be called "rikobdor". Serious attention has been paid to the methods of collecting and disseminating information. These were carried out with the help of the use of hand books and brochures, personal conversations, observations, trips, various documents and items, oral communication, scientific discussions, philosophical observations. In the ranks of information-gathering people were ambassadors, merchants, travelers, and also used the services of spies.
While Abu Rayhon Beruni talks about the science lessons inherent in the period in which he lived, he scientifically analyzes the need to believe that the message is based solely on accurate sources by the transmitter, while the non-source message may have been mixed with a lie. That is, "when lies were not included in the message, it would have been more in place than in sight. Because the moment of seeing and looking is limited to a fraction of the time when there is something. And the message says from the cases that the thing (Guard) has passed before and after the time of its appearance; that is why the message will tell us both from what we have and from what we do not have." The author explains the correctness of the sentences in the message and the need to convey the true message based on the correct thoughts. As the centers that make up the exchange of information, information, it is permissible, above all, to mention libraries. In the countries of the East, they were large and performed great duties. In addition to the royal palaces, there were many personal libraries, many of which were used. As information centers, caravanserais, markets, teahouses, hairdressers and other places where people gather were served. Data were collected from puddles, squares, mosques, madrasahs, apartments, and distributed again to the same places. Also, as sources of information collection, we should not be mistaken if we say that theory and practice, science and life have come to serve. Scientists from Central Asia deeply and comprehensively mastered the history, knowledge, achievements of ancient India, Iran, Greece, Afghanistan, Arab countries. Medieval thinkers often took the ancient philosophy as the basis for their works. In addition, they studied thousands of hadiths and legends, translations are also very widely involved. In many kingdoms, a system of information gathering was introduced. The activities of the raids, the military, the pious, operating in different parts of the country have been studied in an open or secret way, the information about their mood has been transmitted directly to the system of Public Administration. Data collection, analysis, efficient use of them-the establishment of a solid state, necessary measures were taken to stabilize the management of society. One of the most important conditions of effective activities of the state, society, social layer and groups has always been the proper organization and establishment of information exchange. When working with information, messages, it should be said that in a consistent manner, the collection of data, their collection and development in a clear system were established. Such information was used for the purpose of raising the culture and spirituality of peoples, developing education, science, improving people's lives. These information were used to establish a solid state, ensure its management, and also to serve to stabilize the internal situation.
"There is no specific detail to us in the works of other historians, because their authors speak very simply about the events. And I wanted to reflect the history on the scan"" According to the above views of bayhaki, in the preparation of the historical work, having full knowledge of the specific conditions of that period, he believes that the work will become a scientific resource, if he writes the events that are taking place on the basis of clear concepts, sources. It can be seen that the fact is that our ancestors left us an example of inheritance when it comes to the transmission of accurate and unbiased information about the source process to future generations.
24
IV. RESULTS
In Central Asia, the processes of informatization (IX-XVI centuries) were applied with the help of artistic and scientific circles, discussion of books, political gatherings, discussions. The order of the meetings is clear and strict: it is determined who will sit where, when and what to talk about. The information that goes out in the palaces, the internal information exchange is arranged on the basis of the established order, this system and order are solid and they are also observed. Information exchange in the fields of philosophy, logic, sociology, psychology, literary studies, poetry, music theory, geology, Mineralogy, medicine, mathematics, astronomy was very extensive and reflected in all aspects of society.
The living soul type seeks to live collectively. Because the team is the most important measure of a comfortable life expectancy of life. The establishment of new independent states in Central Asia and their inclusion in World Economic Relations took place at a time when there was an unprecedented pace. Modern information technologies, on the one hand, serve the economic, social, cultural and educational development of the peoples of the world, on the other hand, serve to become a universal community that understands the responsibility for the fate of the planet, on the other hand, cause the disintegration of the world and the aggravation of mutual tension in the world space. The history of mankind can be said to consist of a history in which the concept of information and attitude to it in humans is constantly changing from simple to complex.
But now the human and the world of information are completely new to the side. If you say a word to everyone who comes in the "Qabusnamah", which was created a thousand years ago, then look, this is not your word a buyer ? If you find a buyer for your word, sell him Your Word, put that word and say the same word, let him welcome you and be a customer for your word". In fact, today in the world of information, everyone has the right to receive, store, choose the information he wants. It can be said that the initial conditions for the transition to an information society in the last 60 years have been fully formed on a large scale. Of course, everywhere he also did not fully manifest himself. Not all countries have passed the necessary preparatory stage, but the globalisation of economic life, the removal of ideological barriers, the time of technical development has been a rush, these conditions have created a sufficient basis for access to Information Society. Over the past years in our country, many measures have been taken to liberalize the information sphere, ensure freedom of speech, the scope of use of Information Communication Technologies has expanded. At present, we are witnessing the rapid development of these processes, as well as the active participation of our country in the formation of a global information society. The long-term development strategy of Uzbekistan is also aimed at the formation of a civil society in which information systems are widely developed. Today's global conditions, described as a period of rapid information, require consistent modernization in this area.
Today information is moving on the path of development through specific modern technology tools. The information age, globalism, with its new, very high demands, is entering the human mind, thinking as a flood, breaking it down, plundering it into a nightmare, hindering the achievement of a certain stability. Any information is coming to the minds of people with unparalleled brilliance, which is really good, if we recall that we were aware of the world information space during the era of the tyrannical system, it is a great achievement, a great achievement, a career, a high space. But this information is in me, in you, in it, in another person, what kind of attitude he evokes, what mobilizes his worldview, what confesses and denies, in a word, how does it affect the human permission? It turns out that in the positive or negative nature of information. Those who disseminate information bring it to the public as good, of course, but behind the information that is being disseminated as good, certain interests are hidden, the promotion of which constitutes a much more complex process for an ordinary citizen, especially for young people whose worldview is now being formed.
25
V. CONCLUSION
Information has now become to some extent a product, it has become possible to accomplish certain goals by selling, buying or distributing it publicly. Therefore, if we say that there is no information that does not represent interest, then this will not be far from the truth. Information is spiritual in essence, because it directly affects the thinking, which, at this or that level, evokes a negative or positive thought. Recently, a number of scientists have been talking about the formation in the near future of a qualitatively completely new global form of Man and society - mega society and mega culture. At first glance, it seems that there is a certain basis for this.
In place of summary, politician scientist, according to N. Juraev, in the process of information globalisation, the development of mass media and communication, the problem of protecting the national interests of the Global Information Centre for the countries of the world has become one of the important issues in the agenda. The sovereign state also has an information area, such as land, water, air space. In the past and present, the information industry is becoming more and more important with bleaching progress. Nevertheless, there is no limit or obstacle to the information space. It would not be an exaggeration to say that information is a discovery that is rapidly changing over periods of time and space selection.
REFERENCE LIST
Ashmarov I.A. (2014) To the Question about Information Security of a Commercial Bank. Modern technologies for ensuring civil defense and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations. № 1 (5). Pp. 252-255. (in Russ.)
Bekhaki Abu-l-Fazl. (1969) Hysteria's In Charge. "Nauke". Pp. 80-82. (in Russ.).
Beruni Abu Rayhon (1996) India. Selected works. Vol. 2. "Fan". Pp. 25-27. (in Engl.).
Bogdanovskaya I. Yu. (2004) "Electronic State". Social sciences and modernity. No. 6. P. 105-111.
Delyagin M.G. (2003) The world crisis: the general theory of globalization: a course of lectures. INFRA-M. 768 p. (in Russ.).
Bulgak V. (1996) "Communication" branch: five years of work in new conditions. The world of communication and information. Connect. № 11. Pp. 7-9. (in Russ.).
Ershov B.A., Belorukov S.A., Bykov A.G., Serikov T.A. (2019) Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research. №. 1 (3). Pp. 58-64. (in Russ.).
Ershov B.A., Perevozchikova L.S., Romanova E.V. (2019) Globalization and Investigations of Abstracts & Proceedings. Pp. 208-212. (in Russ.).
Geyumav A, Ishagav M, Ataxa'jaev A, Sadigov Q. (2000) Ancient written monuments. "Writer". 120 p.
Inozemtsev VL (2000) Ownership in a post-industrial society and historical perspective. Voprosy of philosophy. № 12. Pp. 3-13. (in Russ.).
Juraev N. K. (2016) The newest history. Tashkent.
Korotkoi A. V. (2003) Digital inequality in the processes of stratification of the information society. Information society. №. 5-6. Pp. 24-36. (in Russ.).
©®
26
Kostyuk V.N. (1997) Information as a social and economic resource. Master. 48 p. (in Russ.).
Kurnosov I.N. (1997) Information potential of Russia: starting conditions. Inform-revue. № 2 (22). Pp. 4-5. (in Russ.).
Melyukhin I.S. (1997) Information Society and the Balance of Interests of the State and the Individual. Information society. №. 4-6. Pp. 3-26. (in Russ.).
Negroponte N. (1995) Being digital. Alfred A. Knopf. Inc.-New York. 243 p. (in Engl.).
Pereslegin, S. B. (2003) On Spectroscopy of Civilizations, or Russia on the Geopolitical Map of the World. Huntington S. The Clash of Civilizations. ACT. 603 p. (in Russ.).
Rezaev A. V. (1993) Paradigms of communication: a view from the standpoint of the social philosophy of St. Petersburg. Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University. 210 p. (in Russ.).
Robinson K.G. (1996) Building a Global Information Society. The Aspen Institute. 69 p. (in Engl.).
Saidov U. (2008) Globalisation and interculturel communication. Academy.
Shkarubo S.N. (2018) Historical significance and main results of NEPa in the USSR. Modern Science: Actual Problems of Theory and Practice. Series: Humanities. № 1. Pp. 47-50. (in Russ.).
Shkarubo S.N. (2017) Modern education and the problem of training engineering personnel for high-tech production. Economics and management in mechanical engineering. № 6. Pp. 49-51. (in Russ.).
Slyusarenko I.O., Ershov B.A. (2013) Spiritual-moral education in the field of global problems of modernity In the collection: Russia and the world at a new stage of global competition, materials of the International Scientific and Practical Student Conference. VGTU. Pp. 247-249. (in Russ.).
Tereshchenko S.S. (1995) On the development of a state information policy and a program for its implementation. Scientific and technical information. Series 1. Organization and methods of information work. № 9. Pp. 1-8. (in Russ.).
Toffler E. Tretya volna (The Third Wave). (2004) Translation from English. "Izdatelstva AST". Pp. 32-33. (in Engl.).
©®
27
ИСТОРИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА: ОТКРЫТИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ И
ПРОСТРАНСТВА
л
Юлдашева Махфуза ^билжоновна'
1Докторант, Узбекский государственный университет мировых языков, улица Kichik Xalqa Yoli, квартал G-9a, дом 21-a, Ташкент, Узбекистан, E-mail: mohi.83@mail.ru
Аннотация
В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы информационного общества в формировании культуры народов Центральной Азии на протяжении IX-XVI веков. Показана история развития общества, его роль в современном глобализирующемся времени и пространстве, анализируются совершенно новые взгляды на историю человечества в сфере информации. Обращается внимание на осмысление жизни и сущности человека, а также такого явления как "информатизация", раскрываются гипотезы, объясняемые аналитически-сравнительным методом.
Ключевые слова: ксилография, каллиграфия, вестник, евангельский лорд, информатизация, указ, завоевание, документирование, процесс, историческая память.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Ашмаров И.А. К вопросу об информационной безопасности коммерческого банка // Современные технологии обеспечения гражданской обороны и ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций. 2014. № 1 (5). С. 252-255.
Богдановская И. Ю. «Электронное государство» / И. Ю Богдановская // Общественные науки и современность. 2004. - № 6. - С. 105-111.
Булгак В. Отрасль "Связь": пять лет работы в новых условиях // Мир связи и информации. № 11. -1996 - С. 7-9.
Делягин М. Г. Мировой кризис: общая теория глобализации: курс лекций М. Г. Делягин. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. - М.: ИНФРА-М, 2003. - 768 с.
Ershov B.A., Belorukov S.A., Bykov A.G., Serikov T.A. The Role of the Church in Medieval Society Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research. 2019. № 1 (3). С. 58-64.
Ershov B.A., Perevozchikova L.S., Romanova E.V. Globalization and Intensification of Spiritual Values in Russia in the Philosophical Aspect 6th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences Abstracts & Proceedings. 2019. С. 208-212.
Иноземцев В.Л. Собственность в постиндустриальном обществе и исторической перспективе / В. Л. Иноземцев // Вопросы философии. 2000. № 12. - С. 3-13.
28
Короткое А.В. Цифровое неравенство в процессах стратификации информационного общества / А.В. Короткое // Информационное общество. 2003. № 5-6. - С. 24-36.
Костюк В.Н. Информация как социальный и экономический ресурс // М:. Магистр. - 1997. - 48 с.
Курносов И.Н. Информационный потенциал России: стартовые условия // Информ-ревю. 1997. - № 2 (22). С.4-5.
Мелюхин И. С. Информационное общество и баланс интересов государства и личности / И. С. Мелюхин // Информационное общество. 1997. - № 4-6. С. 3-26.
Переслегин С. Б. О спектроскопии цивилизаций, или Россия на геополитической карте мира / С. Б. Переслегин // Столкновение цивилизаций / С. Хантингтон. М.: ACT, 2003. - 603 с.
Резаев А. В. Парадигмы общения: взгляд с позиций социальной философии / А.В. Резаев. СПб.: Изд-во СпбГУ, 1993. - 210 с.
Слюсаренко И.О., Ершов Б.А. Духовно-нравственное воспитание и образование в сфере глобальных проблем современности. В сборнике: Россия и мир на новом этапе глобальной конкуренции материалы Международной научно-практической студенческой конференции. 2013. С. 247-249.
Терещенко С.С. К разработке государственной информационной политики и программы ее реализации // Научно-техническая информация. Серия 1. Организация и методика информационной работы. 1995. - № 9. - С. 1-8.
Шкарубо С.Н. Историческая значимость и основные результаты НЭПА в СССР // Современная наука: актуальные проблемы теории и практики. Серия: Гуманитарные науки. 2018. № 1. С. 47-50.
Шкарубо С.Н. Современное образование и проблема подготовки инженерных кадров для высокотехнологичного производства // Экономика и управление в машиностроении. 2017. № 6. С. 49-51.
Negroponte N. Being digital // Alfred A.Knopf Inc.-New York. 1995. 243 p.
Robinson K.G. Building a Global Information Society // The Aspen Institute. 1996. - 69 p.
29
