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УДК: 05.09.05
Mahamadjonov S.
Assistant of the Department "Electrical Engineering, Electromechanics and Electrotechnology"
Saminov S. student
Andijan Institute of Mechanical Engineering
HISTORY AND SECTIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Abstract: This article discusses the term electrical engineering, the history of the term and its sections
Key words: Electrical engineering, section, electric power industry, electrical mechanics, subject
Electrical engineering is a field of technology related to the receipt, distribution, conversion and use of electrical energy. And also - with the development, operation and optimization of electronic components, electronic circuits and devices, equipment and technical systems. Under the electrical engineering also understand the technical science, which studies the use of electrical and magnetic phenomena for practical use. Electrical engineering stood out as an independent science from physics at the end of the 19th century. Currently, electrical engineering as a science includes the following scientific specialties: electrical engineering, TOE, lighting engineering, power electronics. In addition, energy is often referred to as electrical engineering, although a legitimate classification considers energy as a separate technical science. The main difference between electrical engineering and low-current electronics is that electrical engineering studies the problems associated with large-sized power electronic components: power lines, electric drives, while in electronics the main components are computers and other devices based on integrated circuits, as well as integrated circuits themselves schemes. In another sense, in electrical engineering, the main task is the transfer of electrical energy, and in low-current electronics - information.
Extensive experimental research and the creation of theories of electricity and magnetism laid the foundations for the development of electrical engineering. The widespread practical use of electricity became possible only in the 19th century with the advent of the voltaic column, which made it possible to find an application for open laws and to deepen research. During this period, all electrical engineering was based on direct current.
At the end of the XIX century, with overcoming the problem of electric power transmission over long distances due to the use of alternating current and the creation of a three-phase electric motor, electricity is everywhere introduced into the industry, and electrical engineering takes on a modern look, which includes many sections, and has an impact on related branches of science and technology.
Electricity is a kind of "bargaining chip" in the field of energy conversion and use. Electricity can be obtained in many different ways: mechanical (muscle, hydro, wind-, steam-, ICE-generators, etc., triboelectricization, piezoelectricity, Villari
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effect, Mandelstam-Papaleksi experiment), thermal (thermocouples, RTGs), chemical ( galvanic batteries, accumulators, fuel cells, MHD generators), light (photovoltaic cells, nanoantennas), biological (electric slope, electric eel), sound (microphones), induction (antennas, rectenes). At the same time, reverse processes can be realized - the conversion of electricity into mechanical force (electric motors, electromagnets, magnetostriction, MHD pumps, Galvani experiments, electromyostimulation), heat (heating elements, induction heating, spark ignition, Peltier elements), light, UV and IR radiation (incandescent lamps, LEDs), chemical processes (electrochemistry, plasma generators, electroplating, electroplating), sound waves (dynamic heads, piezo emitters), electromagnetic radiation (antennas, magnetrons, traveling lamps th wave). By the same methods it is possible to fix various parameters of industrial, domestic and scientific devices. Thus, using one physical phenomenon, one can satisfy a huge variety of human needs. This is what ensured the widest use of electricity in modern everyday life, industry, and scientific research.
Electrical engineering has many sections, the most important of which are described below. Although engineers each work in their own field, many of them deal with a combination of several sciences.
Electricity is the science of the generation, transmission and consumption of electricity, as well as the development of devices for these purposes. Such devices include: transformers, electric generators, heating elements, electric motors, low-voltage equipment and electronics for controlling power drives. Many countries in the world have an electrical network called an electric power system that connects many generators to energy consumers. Consumers get energy from the network without spending resources on generating their own energy. Power engineers work both on the design and maintenance of the network, and on power systems connected to the network. Such systems are called intranet systems and can both supply energy to the network and consume it. Power engineers also work on systems that are not connected to the network, called off-grid, which in some cases are more preferable than on-grid systems. There is the prospect of creating satellite-controlled energy systems with real-time feedback, which will avoid voltage surges and prevent power outages.
Electromechanics considers the general principles of electromechanical conversion of electrical energy and their practical application for the design and operation of electrical machines. The subjects of study of electromechanics are: the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa, electrical machines, electromechanical complexes and systems. The goal of electromechanics is to control operating modes and control the parameters of the reversible conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. The main directions of electromechanics include: the general theory of electromechanical energy conversion; design of electrical machines; analysis of transients in electrical machines.
Literature:
1. Bessonov L.A. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. - M.: Higher School, 1967
2. Bessonov L.A. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Electrical circuits. - M .: Gardariki, 2002
