CC BY
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10. Nidzelskyi MYa, Krynychko LR. Strukturni zminy v zubnykh protezakh, vyhotovlenykh z akrylovykh plastmas, u rizni stroky korystuvannya nymy ta yikh vplyv na tkanyny porozhnyny rota. Sovremennaya stomatologiya. 2011; 5: 88-91. [in Ukrainianl
11. Paliychuk VI. Kliniko-eksperymentalne obgruntuvannya vykorystannya bezmonomernykh bazysnykh plastmas dlya vyhotovlennya znimnykh plastynkovykh proteziv: dysertatsiya na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. med. nauk: spets. 14.01.22 -«Stomatolohiya». Ivano-Frankivsk. 2015; 212 s. [in Ukrainianl
12. Rozumenko VA. Klinicheskaya aprobatsiya usovershenstvovannogo metoda izgotovleniya polnogo syemnogo plastinochnogo proteza pri neperenosimosti akrilovoy plastmassy. Ukrayinskyi stomatolohichnyi almanakh. 2011; 4: 42-5. [in Russianl
13. Sokolovska VM, Nidzelskyi MYa, Dudchenko MO. Vplyv akrylovykh plastmas na slyzovu obolonku porozhnyny rota. Dermatovenerolohiya. Kosmetolohiya. Seksopatolohiya. 2015; 3-4: 212-15. [in Ukrainian]
14. Ivkovic N, Bozovic D, Ristic S, Mirjanic V, Jankovic O. The residual monomer in dental acrylic resin and its adverse effects. Contemporary Materials. 2013; 1(4): 84-91.
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Ресфсраш
ВЛИЯНИЕ 1% ЭФИРА МЕТАКРИЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И ФУЛЛЕРЕНА С60 НА МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЕЧЕНИ КРЫС Силенко Б.Ю., Силенко Ю.И., Ерошенко Г. А. В работе изучено влияние фуллерена С60 как потенциального гепатопротектора на структурную организацию печени крыс по сравнению с мономером для пластмасс горячей полимеризации. Установлено, что длительное поступление остаточного мономера из базиса акриловых протезов вызывает дистрофические изменения гепатоцитов и расстройства гемомикроциркуляции в печени крыс. Применение фуллеренов 60 на фоне действия 1% эфира метакриловой кислоты уменьшает дистрофические изменения в гепатоцитах и дисциркуляторные проявления в печеночных дольках, поэтому может рассматриваться на перспективу в качестве протектора органов пищеварительной системы при пользовании полными и частичными съемными протезами.
Ключевые слова: фуллерен С60, эфир метакриловой кислоты, печень, крысы.
Стаття надшшла 23.10.18 р.
DOI 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-3-69-221-225 UDC 611.216 - 03 - 018.73:616 - 071.3
S.M. Sovhyria I krainian Medical Stomatological Academy. Poltava
HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF EPITHELIAL LAYER OF HUMAN SPHENOIDAL
SINUS MUCOSA
e-mail: sovhyria@i.ua
Peculiarities of the morphological structure of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses should be considered while performing functional endoscopic interventions on the paranasal sinuses. To avoid the majority of pathomorphological errors, a diagnostician must be an expert in the morphological features of the study material. Therefore, a qualitative biopsy diagnostics requires detailing on the structure of the mucous membrane of different walls of the human normal sphenoidal sinus mucosa. The present study histomorphologically evaluated the homogeneity of the cellular composition of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the mucous membrane, lining the different walls of the human sphenoidal sinus mucosa. It has been found that each wall has its cytological picture, which in our opinion depends on certain functional purpose.
Keywords: sphenoidal sinus, mucous membrane, ciliated epithelium.
The paper has been written within the research scientific work, entitled "Consistent patterns ofmorphogenesis of organs, tissue and vascular nerves in health, disease and under the influence of external factors"; State registration number 0118U004457.
Peculiarities of the morphological structure of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses should be considered while performing functional endoscopic interventions on the paranasal sinuses [8, 9, 13]. Morphological inflammatory substrate is an alteration of the ciliated epithelium, which resulted in its desquamation and is a morphological substrate for the retardation of mucociliary transport and recurrence of the disease [6, 7, 11, 14]. Increased number of the goblet cells, squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium, pronounced sclerotic changes in the lamina propria, deficiency of the regenerative process also indicates about irreversible changes in the epithelial lining of the paranasal sinuses [4, 5]. Therefore, a qualitative biopsy diagnostics requires detailing on the structure of the mucous membrane of different walls of the human normal sphenoidal sinus mucosa [7, 13]. Publications report about histological features that were found on different walls of the maxillary sinus,
INFLUENCE OF 1% METACYRIC ACID ETHER AND FULLERENE C60 ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATUS
OF THE RATS' LIVER Silenko B.Yu., Silenko Yu.I., Yeroshenko G.A. In the work the effect of fullerene C60 as a potential hepatoprotector on the structural organization of the liver of rats was studied in comparison with the monomer for hot polymerization plastics. It was found that the long-term supply of residual monomer from the base of acrylic prostheses causes dystrophic changes in hepatocytes and disorders of hemomicrocirculation in the liver of rats. The use of fullerenes 60 against the background of the action of 1% methacrylic acid ester reduces dystrophic changes in hepatocytes and discirculatory manifestations in the hepatic lobules, therefore, it can be considered as a protector of the digestive system when using full and partial dentures.
Key words: fullerene C60, methacrylic acid ester, liver, rats.
Рецензент Старченко I.I.
© S.M. Sovhyria, 2019
cellular cavities of the ethmoidal labyrinth [3, 12]. In this regard, we conducted a thorough study of different regions of the sphenoidal sinus mucosa.
The purpose of the work was to perform histological and morphometric study of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the mucous membrane, lining the different walls of the human sphenoidal sinus mucosa.
Materials and methods. Histological study of the mucous membrane of the human sphenoidal sinus of 25 individuals (20 men and 5 women), died for the reasons not associated with the ENT- pathology, have been carried out. The sphenoidal sinus was studied at Communal Enterprise "Poltava Regional Bureau of Pathology and Anatomy".
To obtain the mucous membrane samples the access to sphenoidal sinus was made using the method suggested by Abrikosov A.I [1]. In this way, 2 ml 10% formalin solution was administered into the suinus with a syringe for 1-2 minutes for fixation and compression of the mucous membrane to obtain the sample. A compressed structure of the tissue enabled obtaining the mucous membrane from each separate wall of the sphenoidal sinus (except the superior one) for the spot study of the morphofunctional features of its structural elements.
After fixation in 10% formalin solution, histological material was embedded into paraffin according to conventional technique [2].
Sections were obtained by the microtome equipped with the section receiving tray (Microm HM-340) to prepare serial sections and carry out histological studies. Paraffin sections of 4-6 ^m thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to conventional technique, followed up with microscopic and morphometric study.
Morphometric measurements were performed in typical histostructural regions of the mucous membrane of human sphenoidal sinus. Not less than 200 cellular elements, previously magnified after microimaging by 2000 times, have been studied.
On the images, the large (D) and small (d) diameters of nuclei of cellular elements were measured, and two-dimensional empirical distributions were made up. The logarithm of the nuclei volume taken for the ellipsoid of rotation was calculated by the formula 1:
lgV=lgd2Dk3; (1)
where, D - large diameter of the nucleus, d - small diameter of the nucleus, k - magnification factor.
Histograms of the logarithm of the nucleus volume (karyogram) were made up for each observation and polymorphism of the nuclei in the presence of the peaks of nuclear classes was studied; the distance of the center of the nucleus from the basal membrane was also measured.
Mathematical data processing was carried out at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Autopsy of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy according to conventional methods adopted in morphology [10].
Results of the study and their discussion. Histomorphometric assessment of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, lining different walls of the sphenoidal sinus has been made. The findings of the research have established a certain cellular heterogeneity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membrane of the sinus.
Individual regions of the mucous membrane are covered with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium containing numerous ciliated cells. The latter contain a large number of cilia on the apical surface, ensuring evacuation of dust particles due to its contractile properties. The nuclei of these cells are oblong or orbicular and are located near the apical surface. Goblet cells are arranged sporadically and contain a secretion that pushes off the nucleus slightly to the basal membrane. Microvillous cells occupy the middle location of the nuclei, and basal cells adhere directly to the basal membrane.
Submucous layer, containing microvessels without clearly defined lumen and surrounded by mesenchymal cells with elongated nuclei, is located beneath the basal membrane. This type of ciliated epithelium is found on the lateral walls of the sphenoidal sinus (fig. 1).
Regions of the sphenoidal sinus mucosa where mainly goblet cells are located, in contrast to lateral walls, have been found. This type of epithelium is presented in fig. 2. Thin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin have shown that epithelium of the mucous membrane is comprised with goblet and basal cells. On their apical surface goblet cells have no cilia and are with bulb-shaped appearance. Depending on the phases of the secretory cycle, their nuclei are located either near the apical surface, or, due to the accumulation of secretion, the nuclei of the goblet cells are pushed off to the basal membrane. Intercalated cells are located directly on the basal membrane. These are small cells of pyramidal or prismatic form, their narrowed tops do not reach the surface of the epithelial layer. The submucosal layer of the sphenoidal sinus mucosa is represented by a loose connective tissue, which consists of numerous microvessels, as well as fibroblasts and fibrocytes. It has been found that the regions are located on the anterior and inferior walls of the sphenoidal sinus.
Fig 1. Structure of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the lateral wall of the sphenoidal sinus mucosa. H&E stain. 20*10 magnification.
Fig 2. Mucous membrane of the anterior wall of the sphenoidal sinus. H&E stain. 10*10 magnification.
The findings of the study of serial histological sections showed that in the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinus posterior wall the growth zones of predominantly ciliated epithelium were found. The latter, unlike the multilayered ciliated epithelium of the previous walls, are characterized by the epithelial vegetations into underlying loose connective tissue. The connective tissue is separated from the epithelium by a fuzzy basal membrane, which contains basal cells. It should be noted that the growth zones are mostly
T I ¿1 represented by microvillous cells that have a chaotic location and different shape of nuclei. Along with the microvillous cells, goblet cells with different secretion content in the cytoplasm are constantly MM ;/ ' . -' V found, whilst the ciliated cells are sporadic.
?•> , ' - ; . Submucous layer located in the growth zone
• * . y ' \j. I consists of a loose connective tissue with a high content of microvessels (fig. 3).
In order to create a morphometric model of the localization of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of different walls of the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinus, we carried out their karyometric studies with the measurement of the distance of the center of the nucleus of individual cells to the basal membrane and the measurement of the nucleus volume in a common logarithm. The results are shown in table 1.
Table 1
Morphometric indices of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the mucous membrane
of different walls of the human sphenoidal sinus
'0m
Fig. 3. Mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinus posterior wall in the growth zone. H&E stain. 10*10 magnification.
Distance of the nucleus center from b/m, |j.m Large diameter of the nucleus, ^m Small diameter of the nucleus, ^m Logarithm of the volume of nucleus
Type of cell Medial and lateral walls Anterior and inferior walls 13 £ O ' C tU CO O PM Medial and lateral walls Anterior and inferior walls CO 13 £ o tu CO o PM Medial and lateral walls Anterior and inferior walls 13 £ O ' E tu CO O PM Medial and lateral walls Anterior and inferior walls 13 ' îZ o PM
Basal 8.10± 0.20 7.00± 0.43 8.07± 0.11 7.40± 0.01 8.70± 0.30 7.16±0. 27 4.00± 0.06 5.30± 0.13 5.68± 0.23 1.52± 0.30 2.09± 0.02 2.06± 0.05
Long intercal ated 8.10± 0.20 7.00± 0.43 8.07± 0.11 7.40± 0.01 8.70± 0.30 7.16± 0.27 4.00± 0.06 5.30± 0.13 5.68± 0.23 1.52± 0.30 2.09± 0.02 2.06± 0.05
Goblet 16.00± 0.25 *14.03± 0.14 **18.0± 0.11 *14.07± 0.06 **17.9± 0.11 6.90± 0.44 *8.80± 0.20 **8.94± 0.30 *7.01± 0.37 **7.08± 0.30 3.40± 0.12 *5.20± 0.17 **5.50± 0.60 *4.79± 0.25 **5.50± 0.60 1.23± 0.30 *2.08± 0.03 **2.19± 0.07 *1.92± 0.05 **2.19± 0.07
Microvill ous 26.30± 0.30 - 20.28± 0.09 8.55± 0.34 - 7.18± 0.33 4.15± 0.23 - 1.29± 0.50 - 2.00± 0.08
Ciliated 39.79± 0.15 - - 9.29± 0.44 - - 4.00± 0.12 - - 1.42± 0.20 - -
*- Goblet cell at the phase of excretion; **- Goblet cell at the phase of secretion.
The results of our morphometric studies indicate that basal cells are located directly on the basal membrane, whose nuclei are located at a distance of 8.1 ± 0.2 ^m from the basement membrane and lVV 1.52 ± 0.3. It should be noted that between the lgV of the nuclei of short and long intercalated cells statistical reliability has not been found, which evidently testifies to their histogenetic affinity [8, 13]. In isolated goblet cells, the nucleus center distance from the basal membrane is 16,0 ± 0.25 ^m and lgV 1.23 ± 0.3. Microvillous cells are at a distance of 26.3 ± 0.3 ^m and lgV 1.2 ± 0.5. Finally, ciliated cells are most distant, their distance from the core center from the basal membrane is 39.79 ± 0.15 ^m and lgV is 1.42 ± 0.2. The difference between lgV of the ciliated and microvillous cells is about 0,2, which, according to the Benninghoff caryometric law, indicates an integrative increase in the nuclei.
Consequently, the medial and lateral walls of the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinus are represented by a pseudo-layered, circular, cylindrical epithelium, and, in our opinion, consists of two different histogenetic components [6, 9]. The first of them is represented by short and long basal cells, and the other is represented by different in function goblet, microvillous and ciliated cells.
When conducting morphometric studies regarding the composition of the cellular elements of the pseudo-layered ciliated epithelium of the anterior and the inferior walls, we found that the nuclei of short basal cells are at a distance of 4.67 ± 0.3 ^m from the basal membrane, IgV 2.14 ± 0.03, nuclei of long basal cells are located at a distance of 7.0 ± 0.43 ^m, lgV 2.09 ± 0.2, the centre of the nuclei of goblet cells in the phase of secretion is removed from the basal membrane by 14.03 ± 0.14 ^m, lgV is 2.08 ± 0.03, and the nuclei of the goblet cells in the phase of secretion are removed from the basal membrane by 18,4 ± 0.11 ^m, lgV - 2.19 ± 0.07.
In this work we carried out cariometric studies of pseudo-multilayer, ciliated, cylindrical epithelium of the mucous membrane of the posterior wall of the sphenoidal sinus. Center of nuclei of basal cells 8.07 ± 0.11 ^m, lgV nuclei of cell data 2.06 ± 0.05. Microvillous cells have a logarithm of the volume of nuclei 2.0 ± 0.08, centres of their nuclei are at a distance of 20.08 ± 0.09 ^m from the basal membrane. The nuclei of the goblet cells, depending on the secretion phase, are located either at a distance of 14.07 ± 0.6 ^m or 17.94 ± 0.11 ^m and lgV varies from 1.92 ± 0.05 to 2.19 ± 0.07.
The monitoring of the results of morphometric studies of the posterior mucous membrane of the clavicular sinus with the predominant location of the growth zones indicates that it is in this area, different from the previous types of epithelium, that it is established on the base cells of the clinical clinical, which are connected with the goblet-like, and with the cluster cells [7, 8, 9, 13].
It has been established that different walls of the human sphenoidal sinus mucosa have their cytological features. Thus, the findings of our research have found that the lateral walls are covered with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with predominant content of the ciliated cells, the anterior and inferior walls of the sphenoidal sinus mucosa are represented mainly by the goblet cells, and on the posterior wall, which contains a large number of growth zones, microvillous cells are located alongside the basal cells.
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3. Bezshapochnyy SB, Loburets VV, Hasyuk YuA. Osoblyvosti epiteliyu okremykh stinok verkhnyoshchelepnoyi pazukhy. Zhurn. vushnykh, nosovykh i horlovykh khvorob. 2000; 2: 77-8. [in Ukrainian]
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12. Pronina YeN, Dovbnya YuN, Yeroshenko GA. Morfofunktsionalnyye osobennosti zhelez peredney stenki lobnoy pazukhi cheloveka. Vestnik almatinskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta usovershenstvovaniya vrachey. 2015; 3-4: 40-3. [in Russian]
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14. Armengot M, Milara J, Mata M, Carda C, Cortijo J. Cilia motility and structure in primary and secondary ciliary dyskinesia. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy. 2010 May-Jun; 24 (3): 175-80.
1Ч-(|н-|>:мп
Г1СТОМОРФОМЕТРИЧНЕ ДОСЛ1ДЖЕННЯ ЕП1ТЕЛ1АЛЬНОГО ШАРУ СЛИЗОВО1 ОБОЛОНКИ КЛИНОПОД1БНО1 ПАЗУХИ ЛЮДИНИ Совгиря С.М. При виконанш функщональних ендоскопiчних втручань на приносових пазухах необхщно враховувати особливостi морфолопчно! будови слизово! оболонки порожнини носа i приносових пазух. Щоб уникнути бшьшосп патоморфологiчних помилок, лiкар-дiагност повинен ч^ко розумiтися на морфологiчних особливостях матерiалу дослiдження. Тому для яюсно! бiопсiйноi дiагностики необхiдна деталiзацiя будови слизово'! оболонки рiзних стiнок клиноподiбноi пазухи людини в нормi. В даному дослщженш гiстоморфологiчними методами оцшювались однорiднiсть клiтинного складу псевдобагатошарового вшчастого цилiндричного епiтелiю слизово! оболонки, що вистилае рiзнi стiнки клиноподiбноi пазухи людини. Було встановлено, що кожна стшка мае свою цитолопчну картину, яка, на нашу думку, залежить вщ певних функцiональних обов'язкiв.
Ключовi слова: клиноподiбна пазуха, слизова оболонка, вшчастий епiтелiй.
Стаття надiйшла 20.12.18 р.
ГИСТОМОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНОГО СЛОЯ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ КЛИНОВИДНОЙ ПАЗУХИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА Совгиря С.Н.
При выполнении функциональных эндоскопических вмешательств на околоносовых пазухах необходимо учитывать особенности морфологического строения слизистой оболочки полости носа и околоносовых пазух. Чтобы избежать большинства патоморфологических ошибок, врач-диагност должен четко разбираться в морфологических особенностях материала исследования. Поэтому для качественной биопсийной диагностики необходима детализация строения слизистой оболочки различных стенок клиновидной пазухи человека в норме. В данном исследовании морфологическими методами оценивались однородность клеточного состава псевдомногорядного мерцательного цилиндрического эпителия слизистой оболочки, которая выстилает разные стенки клиновидной пазухи человека. Было установлено, что каждая стенка имеет свою цитологическую картину, которая, по нашему мнению, зависит от определенных функциональных обязанностей.
Ключевые слова: клиновидная пазуха, слизистая оболочка, мерцательный эпителий.
Рецензент Старченко 1.1.
DOI 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-3-69-225-230 УДК 611.12:611.018:611.013:576.311.348.3
1.В. I lupiov iiô. Д.1. Марченко
УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРН1 ЗМ1НИ СКОРОТЛИВОГО АПАРАТУ М1ОКАРДА ШЛУНОЧК1В ЩУР1В НА ЕТАПАХ ПРЕНАТАЛЬНОГО ОНТОГЕНЕЗУ В НОРМ1 ТА П1СЛЯ Д11 АЛКОГОЛЮ
е-таП; ivt@dsma.dp.ua
Вiдомостi про формування скоротливого апарату серця i розподш мiофiбрил у кардiомiоцитах за умов внутршньоутробно! iнтоксикацii етанолом залишаються предметом значних суперечок. Метою дослщження було визначення змiн ультраструктури скоротливого апарату кардюмюциив шлуночкiв серця щурiв пiд час пренатального розвитку за умов внутршньоутробно! алкогольно! штоксикацп. Визначено, що хрошчна алкогольна iнтоксикацiя тд час пренатального кардiогенезу ушкоджуе скоротливий апарат кардюмюциив шлуночкiв за рахунок дезоргашзацп структури саркомерiв, фрагментацii та дезорiентацii мiофiбрил, значного пригнiчення саркомерогенезу, зниження вмюту мiофiбрил, що асоцшовано з деструкцiею мiтохондрiй. Виразнiсть змш у даних структурах залежить вщ зони та термiну розвитку ембрюна. Найбiльш iстотнi змiни обумовленi прямою токсичною дiею етанолу i вщбуваються на раннiх термiнах кардiогенезу.
Ключовi слова: пренатальний онтогенез, алкогольна штоксикащя, мiокард шлуночкiв, мiофiбрили, ультраструктура.
Робота е фрагментом НДР «Структуры перебудови компонентiв серцево-судинноI системы в умовах и нормального i аномального г^тогенезу у людини та експериментальних тварин» (№ державно'1 реестрацн 0115и006621).
Скоротливий апарат кардюмюципв являе собою високо оргашзовану структуру, яка включае у себе мюф1брили, елементи Т- та Ь-систем. Саркомер поперечно-посмугованого м'яза змшюеться за будовою та складом бшюв по всш довжиш мюф1брили, проте юнують три головш компоненти - тоню нитки, товсп нитки { 2-диски - кожний з яких розвиваеться за допомогою численних взаемодш з бшками, що беруть участь у скороченш [9, 13, 14]. Мюф1брилогенез - це складний процес, який являе собою утворення { розподш мюф1брил у кардюмюцип, формування скоротливих бшюв { утворення саркомер1в [5, 7, 12]. Порушення на одному з цих еташв розвитку ембрюнального серця тд д1ею ушкоджуючих фактор1в можуть призвести до формування численних патологш серцево-судинно1' системи та надат викликати летальний результат.
© 1.В. Твердохлiб, Д.Г. Марченко, 2019
