CC BY
10
DOI https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-03.05
GROWTH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBO LOBSTER (PANULIRUS
VERSICOLOR) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING DOSES IN CONTROLLED TANKS
Matakupan Jolen1,2, Suprayitno Eddy1, Widodo Maheno Sri1, Sulistiyati Titik Dwi1 1Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Pattimura, Ambon,
Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Efforts in pioneering lobster cultivation require information on the maintenance of spiny lobsters (Panulirus versicolor), especially the specific feed doses required for their growth. This study aims to obtain information about the ideal feed dose for spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor) growth and survival. The samples included spiny lobsters (Panulirus versicolor), which were obtained from the fishermen's catch and lands on Osi Island, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province. Each tank consisted of 8 samples with an initial weight between 600-650 gr. This research was conducted for six months, and utilized specific doses of feed as a treatment: A: 3%, B: 5%, C: 7% of the tested lobster's bodyweight. Furthermore, the physical boundaries measured include Specific Growth Rate (%), absolute growth, and water quality maintenance. The results showed that lobsters fed with a dose of 5% had a significant weight gain compared to the 3% and 7% doses. Therefore, the SGR was higher for lobsters fed at a dose of 5% (5.83%), followed by the ones treated with 7% (5.64%) and 3% (4.42%). In comparison, for the absolute growth average, the best treatment dose was 5% (75.82gr), followed by that of 3% (69.97gr) and 7% (57.55 gr). From the results, it can be concluded that a feed dose of 5% of body weight provides a relatively high growth rate compared to other treatments. Therefore, the optimal feed dose for the cultivation of spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor) is 5%.
KEY WORDS
Spiny lobster, Panulirus versicolor, survival growth rate.
One of the potential sea lobster producing countries in the Asia-Pacific region is Indonesia (Priyambodo and Jaya, 2009). Six types of lobsters are observed in the country's waters, namely sand (Panulirus homarus), pearl (P. ornatus), bamboo (P. versicolor), Pakistani (P. polyphagus), black (P. penicillatus) and red lobster ( P. longipes) (Moosa, 1984). Of these six types, one of the potential types for cultivation is the bamboo lobster (Panulirus versicolor). This is due to its high demand and prices, also supported by the relative availability of other catches (Jones, 2010). The prices of lobster in the market vary depending on the type. The sand lobsters costs Rp. 160,000 per kg, pearl lobster Rp. 140,000 per kg, and Rp. 120,000 for the other species (Suastika, 2008). Presently, the prices are experiencing an increase due to increasing demand. Furthermore, lobsters are not only utilized for human consumption, but also in seed size (puerulus) fishing.
The demand for sea lobsters increases by 15% per year. This increase is influenced by international markets, especially China, as an export destination. Export is one of the marketing objectives of sea lobsters. Although some products are also sold directly to northern China, Singapore, and Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan are also major market destinations. The volume sold is unknown but is estimated to be not more than 2,500 tonnes per year (Jones,2008).
In Indonesia today, lobster cultivation is very low and is mainly a traditional activity. Bamboo lobster (P. versicolor) cultivation is also limited by the volume of catch from nature, carried out in the vicinity of the catching location.
The feed is one of the main factors of cultivation activities that influence the growth and amount of cultivated biota. The feed administered to lobsters is dependent on fresh trash
fish, which has a high nutritional content, specifically 64.33% crude protein, 1.14% carbohydrates, 7.40% fat, and 4.15% Ca. Inadequate feeding will lead to cannibalism in lobsters, and excessive feeding causes feed waste and biofouling in the culture container. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the ideal feed dosage required for rearing bamboo lobster (P. versicolor) (Suci, 2013).
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
This research was conducted at the cultivation institute of the Waiheru Marine Cultivation Fishery Center, Ambon, Maluku province, from August to December 2019. This study used a quantitative method by collecting information on several biological parameters of the bamboo lobster (P.versicolor). These parameters include growth, such as specific growth rates and the absolute growth of lobsters. Furthermore, water quality parameters were measured as supporting information during the study.
The bamboo lobster's maintenance stage (P. versicolor) consisted of 3 pieces of 3x1.5x1 m fiber tank preparation. Each tank was filled with eight lobsters with a bodyweight of 650 ± 700 gr. The lobsters were obtained from fishermen in Osi Island, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province. Furthermore, the irrigation system used was a flowing water framework where the current was constant between the incoming and outgoing water. The feed given was a mixture of trash fish and squid in varying doses, A: 3%, B: 5%, C: 7% of body weight respectively.
Measurement was performed every three weeks to determine the Specific Growth Rate (SGR), absolute growth, and the maintenance of water quality. SGR calculations, and absolute growth measurement were performed using the formula according to Johnston et al. 2017:
ln Wt - InWo
SGR = -x 100%
t
Where: SGR = Specific Growth Rate (%); Wt = Average final weight (gr); Wo = Average initial weight (gr).
W = Wt-Wo
Where: W = Absolute growth (gr); Wt = Average final weight (gr); Wo = Average initial weigth (gr).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study showed the highest levels of specific growth rate (%) in lobsters fed with a dose of 5%, followed by the ones fed with 3% and 7%. The feed given was trash fish at different doses adjusted to body weight. The comparison of growth rate can be seen in Figure 1.
5,9
ABC Treatment
Figure 1 - Graph showing the survival growth rate in lobster (Panulirus versicolor)
The results showed that the feeding mixtures of trash fish and squid at varying doses of 3%, 5%, and 7% of body weight gave different results on the absolute growth of the bamboo lobster (P. versicolor). The feed administered at 5% gave the highest yield compared to the doses of 3% and 7%. The comparison of absolute growth can be seen in Figure 2.
80
ABC Treatment
Figure 2 - Graph showing the absolute growth in lobster Panulirus versicolor
The results showed that the average specific growth rate ranged from 5.63-5.86%. These are slightly higher than the results of Nugraha et al., 2019, Anggriani (2018), which observed that feeding trash fish at 4% of body weight produces specific growth rates of 0.961.32% and 0.88% in lobsters. These are slightly lower than the results of this study.
Not all food given to biota are fully used for growth. Some of the energy obtained from the feed will be used for metabolic compositions during maintenance processes, while the rest are utilized for activity, growth, and reproduction. Cultivation activities in floating net cages also affect the ideal feeding of organisms, due to the strong water currents that make biota unable to ingest feed properly. The internal factors that influence the growth of lobster species include genetic traits, while the external factors include environment and nutrition (Effendie, 1997).
The absolute growth of lobsters at different feeding doses showed that the average range is between 57-75 grams for the highest absolute growth at 5% dose namely 75 gr. The lowest absolute growth was the 7% dose treatment at 57 gr. Therefore, it is concluded that the bamboo lobster (P.versicolor) which was given a feed dose of 5%, utilized it fairly. Furthermore, the high absolute growth observed in this study was due to the high initial weight of the bamboo lobster (P. versicolor), which caused a high absolute weight value.
The feed treatment at 7% of body weight was observed to exceed the required dosage, therefore it was assumed that the feed given was not consumed by biota. The availability of feed and the ability of the biota to utilize or digest it influences the ideal growth (Daris and Febri, 2003).
Table 1 - Water quality measurement results
No
Parameter
Treatment A
B
C
Literature
Temperature (oC) Salinity (ppt) DO (mg/l O2) pH
Ammonia
25.7±27.9 25.7±27.1 25.7±27. 23-320C (Kordi dan Tacung, 2005 35±33 35±33 35±33 25-40 ppt (Tong et al.,2000) 4.69±6.53 4.7±6.53 3.89±4.89 Min. 4 mg/l, opt. 5-6mg/l (Yuliani, 2010) 7.1±7.3 7.2±7.8 6.9±7.8 7-8 (Yuliani, 2010) <0.01_<0.01_00_0.01 ppm (Kanna,2006)_
From the results of water quality measurements, it was observed that the maintenance of water quality during the study period was still in the normal range and therefore useful for rearing lobsters (P. versicolor). However, in the C container with a 7% dose, the range of water quality parameters such as DO, pH, and ammonia were slightly different from that of treatments A (3%) and B 5%. This is believed to be caused by excess feed in the maintenance tank which affected the water quality during maintenance. Overall, the water quality was still within the optimal limit for lobster growth (P. versicolor). One of the
parameters that play a role is dissolved oxygen (DO). For proper lobster maintenance, the DO value has to be 3 ppm and above.
CONCLUSION
Based on the feed doses given, namely 3%, 5%, and 7%, the 5% feeding gave the
highest value on the growth performance of lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). The water quality
was also maintained within normal limits; therefore bamboo lobsters can grow well.
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