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Nasriddinova Mekhriniso Rakhmatullayevna, Karshi State University, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected] Yoziev Lutfulla Khabibullayevich, Karshi State University, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS L. UNDER THE OASIS OF KARSHI
Abstract. The article summarizes the results of the study of the growth and development of Salvia officinalis L. which was initially introduced into the condition of the oasis of Karshi. It is defined that 2-year-old plants are in the generative phase and 3-year-old ones produce much umbel and biomass.
Keywords: sage, cotyledon, true leaf, double leaf, shoot, growth, development, vegetation, generative phase.
Medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) has been used in of Uzbekistan and it is a promising plant in these conditions
medicine sinu very ancient times. The leaves, flowers, and [2; 3; 4].
young branches of the plant contain many alkaloids, flavo- The germination of seeds has been studied in laboratory
noids, additives, erythrolytes and oleanic acids, vitamins P and field conditions. There are generally accepted methods for
and PP, as well as phytoncides, coumarins, saponins and other studying productivity. Morphology of vegetative organs are
substances. Its leaves are available in the collected ten used for studied I. G. Serebryakov [5] method, the results of measures
throat, chest, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointes- were statistically analyzed by G. N. Zaytsev [6].
tinal and diarrhea, and are used in medicine as a dysentery, The seeds of Salvia officinalis L. are round, dark-brown,
splinter, anti-inflammatory agent. diameter is 1;5-2 mm and 4 walnut seeds. The weight of1000
In vegetation leaf, up to 1-2.5%, on top of green and on seeds is 7-8 g.
flowery branches, are collected from 0.32% to 0.40% of es- In experiments conducted, it was found that the optimal
sential oils [1]. Taking into account the predominance of the temperature for the seeds growth was 20-22 ° C, and their
medicinal properties, the essential oil is introduced in the Bo- productivity was equal to 92%. In other variants, the produc-
tanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic tivity of seeds was lower (Table 1).
Table 1. - S.officinalis L. seeds at different temperatures spark indicators
The time of the planting Air temperature, ^ The length of the seeds, days Productivity^
10.04.2012 16-17 22-26 65
20-22 18-21 92
24-25 16-20 75
The productivity of the seeds in field conditions was
80-85%.
Thus, Salvia officinalis L. produces high-quality seeds in Karshi oasis, and seeds are grown in optimal conditions.
After 3-4 days after sowing, the microscopic hole appears in the root, and in 5 days a yellow-green spleen occurs.
On the tenth day ofMarch 2012 seedlings exposed to the open field began to grow on the earth after 8 days. The grasses hypocotyl is pink, with a length of 8.6 ± 0.4 mm. The hornbeam sews along with the seeds. The length of the seeds per day is 3.5 ± 0.2 mm. width 2.8 ± 0.2 mm. The main root length is 2.5-3 cm and the initial stem originates.
The length of a week's plant reaches 2 ± 0.1 cm. The main root length is 4-4.5 cm and forms up to 3 to 4 side roots. The
growth stems from growth when the width ofthe larvae is 7 mm in width, 5.5 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter.
The size of the 20-day plant will be 9.9 ± 0.2 cm in length and it will form 5 pairs of leaves. First and foremost, the first system branches begin to form. By this time, the length of the main root reaches about 11 cm and the second order roots begin to develop.
The growth of the main stem of a month's plant is slowed, and the height of the plant stems mainly from the increase in the size of the leaves. The leaves of S.officinalis L. are long-lasting ovulation and are contraindicated. The main plant of a month has 5 pairs of leaflets ranging from 1.5 x 1.2 cm to 5 x x1.5 cm and the length of the plant is 11.4 ± 0.3 cm. Branches from the first part drop off well. In the first part branch formed
from the second one, two pairs of leaves are formed. By this time, the root of the plant is spun along the side roots and sprinkled up to the second order, with its root diameter up to 0.4 mm.
The life span cotyledons is 35-40 days, with a maximum size a height of 7.1 ± 0.25 mm and a width of 6.2 ± 0.2 mm.
The height of the 3-month plant is 17.8 ± 0.4 cm, and the growth of the main branch is slowed down. The first number of branches is 6 pairs. The second systemic branch begins to form from the first systemic branches formed from the second branch of the main horn. At that time (in mid-June) the temperature in Karshi is sharp, and the seedlings of S.officinalis L. dramatically decrease the growth. The majority of the plant is not growing at all. Apparently, the plant consumes all the energy needed to survive the extreme period.
In the second half ofAugust, when the partial decrease in air temperature is observed, seedlings of S.officinalis L. begin to grow again, but the growth rate is very slow. In mid-September (seedlings are currently 6 months old), the growth of the plant's main and first branches is accelerated. Their height is 18.6 ± 0.4 cm in this period. It ensures the rapid growth of the marmalade seedlings in warm and pleasant temperatures of the autumn. The cooling temperature, which began with the introduction of December, stopped S.officinalis L. seedlings from growth. At the same time, the height of the main stem of the plant seedlings was 33.1 ± 1.03 cm, the first number of
During this period, the main stem of the plant is tightly packed, and the joints are shortened. The height of the main stem of the plant is 18.2 ± 0.2 cm in the 3-year-old plants and 15.7 ± 0.4 cm in the 4th year. In the third year of the vegetative period, the plant also forms the fourth ordered buds.
In recent years, there has been no epidemic in plant life. Our researches have shown that, in the Karshi Oasis, medicinal sage is the most common biomass in the age of three.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.UNDER THE OASIS OF KARSHI
branches ranged from 11 to 12 pairs and the second to the 6th to 8th. At this age, the development of generic organs in the plant did not occur.
Thus, in the conditions of southern Uzbekistan, the majority of trees and shrubs in the extreme summer period ceased to grow and began to grow again after the end of this period [7]. The same law was also recorded in our observations by S.officinalis L., a grass herbivorous species.
S.officinalis L. sprouted in the open space. There were no colds in them. Early spring (in mid-February) plants begin their own vegetation. At the end of March, they develop their generic organs. Thus, it has been established that medicinal sage enters the generative phase in the Karshi Oasis in the 2nd year.
During the growing season, foliage forms at the tip of the main stem and at the end of the first spruce branch. In the next year, that is, in the third year of plant life, the foliage forms at the end of the second order and the third tertiary branches. In the 2-year-old plants, up to 8-10 species, and 150-300 for 3 years (Table 2).
In 2-year-old plants, the height of the main stem was 20 ± ± 0.6 cm, the first system branches were 64.9 ± 1.9 cm long. The number of first seedlings in plants is 11-12 pairs, each with a number of second-order branches ranging from 18 to 29 pairs. At the same time, the third ordered branches are also formed, and the number is about 1-2 pairs per branch.
In conclusion, S.officinalis L. developed well in new conditions, and the 1 year old plant height was higher than the plants grown under other conditions of the same age. At this age, it ranges to the second order and enters the generative phase from the second year. In the third year of his life, he grows the most foliage up to the fourth order (1-3 Fugire).
Table 2.- Growth and development of S.officinalis L
The age of the plant The height of the plant The order of branches of plants, pair
first order second order third order fourth order
1 month 11.4 ± 0.3 2-3 - - -
2 month 15.1 ± 0.3 2-3 - - -
3 month 17.8 ± 0.4 6-7 2-4 - -
6 month 18.6 ± 0.4 7-8 4-6 - -
1 year old 33.1 ± 1.03 11-12 6-8 - -
2 years old 20 ± 0.6 11-12 200-250 70-100 -
3 years old 18.2 ± 0.2 11-12 360-380 210-220 60-80
4 years old 15.7 ± 0.4 11-12 320-370 240-250 80-120
3 month 6 month 1 year old
Fugire 1. 1-year-old plant growth and development scheme
Fugire 2. 2-year-old plant sprouts scheme
Commentary: a - basic stem; t - inflorescence; o.t.- the inflorescence bloomed last year; I - first order branching,
Fugir 3. 3-year-old plant sprouts scheme
II - second order branching, III - third order branching, IV -fourth order branching.
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