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Great storyteller of the Kyrgyz people Muratova S. Великий сказитель кыргызского народа Муратова С. С.
Муратова Саадаткан Султановна /Muratova Saadatkan - манасовед, Кыргызский национальный университет им. Ж. Баласагына, г. Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика
Abstract: this article is devoted to Sayakbay Karalayev. Sayakbay Karalayev is the great storyteller of the epos «Manas». Sayakbay Karalayev is great storyteller of Kyrgyz people.
Аннотация: эта статья посвящена Саякбаю Каралаеву. Саякбай Каралаев - великий сказитель эпоса «Манас». Саякбай Каралаев является великим сказителем кыргызского народа.
Keywords: the storyteller, antique times, folklore, arena, trance, improvisator, ethnographers, anthropologists.
Ключевые слова: сказитель, античные времена, фольклор, арена, транс, импровизатор, этнографы, антропологи.
Causes admiration when the Kyrgyz writers compare Sayakbay Karalayev to the Ancient Greek poet Homer, naming him Homer of the XX century. Homer was a blind person and by heart told «Illiada» and «Odyssey». When he told these eposes, people cried. These two legends, in total, making 27803 lines, were considered as the most outstanding poetic works of antique Europe. He lived in antique times, somewhere approximately in the 7-8th century B.C. and about him there is no historical record left, and Homer's poems have been for the first time aggregated and written down according to instructions of the Athenian tyrant Pisistrat or his son Gipparkh. Up to now only data on his storyteller art have reached, and similarity of talents of Homer and Sayakbaya is surprising. Perhaps, researchers paid attention to researches of these two masters of the word insufficiently. It should be taken into account that «Illiada» and «Odyssey» have shaken the whole world and continue to surprise till today. And the world community practically doesn't know the ardent storyteller of «Manas» Sayakbay Karalayev. Nobody updated «Illiada» and «Odyssey» after Homer. And the epos «Manas» is retold by modern storytellers from 4-year-old kids to 80-year-old aged men. Means, our «Manas» lives and develops among the people throughout many centuries. In the world there are no such people, except Kyrgyz who still would develop folklore! And it is surprising around the world! The American researcher of folklore Ilza Tsirtoutas with surprise noted: «Kyrgyz have many qualities, unclear for us». Many scientists consider that in the XXI century there is a danger of loss of storyteller art as after Sayakbay Karalayev of true storytellers there were units and therefore «Golden Age» of storyteller has ended. But how the great spirit of the ancient people can be interrupted? Elias Leonard named by the Finnish Homer, collected all life in the people of a line of the epos «Kalevala».
Therefore his name has become famous together with the epos «Kalevala» because if Elias Leonard didn't collect the version of the epos, then from the ancient legend nothing would remain.
The huge contribution in formation of Sayakbay as storyteller and to an exit him on the national arena was brought by Kusein Karasayev because by order of Kasym Tynystanov Kusein Karasayev has found Sayakbay in Rybachy, has brought to Frunze and has entered him into on-stage performance group of Philharmonic hall. Exactly there attempts to write down the epos «Manas» according to Sayakbay for the first time become. In breaks at record, Sayakbay lost art vision and idea that led to deterioration in health. He was interrupted by directors, without understanding that at the narration of the epos, Sayakbay entered a trance! And in this changed condition of consciousness he saw nice fights of a terrible team of Manas, the metal clang, a fractional roar of drums, snore and thud of horses was heard... Words of the epos easy flew as if the spirit of Manas put events of those of ancient heroic years in the singer's lips... And he was inconsiderately stopped, learned as it is advisable to tell as envisioned by the director, interrupted a trance!
After each stop it wasn't possible to enter an image again. Therefore he wasn't happy with the first record, considering that it has been deprived of artistry! He was happy with record in the fifties years on the Kyrgyz radio. Sayakbay remembers that this record was result of direct intervention of the writer Chyngyz Aitmatov. The great writer understood a condition of Sayakbay and has created necessary conditions for full record of the epos.
But in the subsequent records he began to be taught to change Manas's image to please to party idea, not to show him very much to blood-thirsty. And he answered: «What, we will make Manas the communist, we will admit him to the party?» Having taken offense, he left sound recording studio. Orientalists and in 1963 ethnographers and anthropologists on the international Congress passing in Moscow have been impressed and have given high appreciation to storyteller's talent of Sayakbay in 1960. Participants of these congresses saw and heard Sayakbay with own eyes.
The Soviet writer E. V. Lizunova in memories about Mukhtar Auezov wrote: «Storming as the mountain river, the silver belt aspiring forward, knowing more than a half of one million line of the epos «Manas» (500 553 lines), carrying, on the head of color Kyrgyz mountains - cap, the son of the Kyrgyz people, Sayakbay executed a fragment about one hero of the epos Semety. At execution of «Manas» thud of horses was heard shout of eagles... At this time he was similar to soldiers of the ancient batyr» [3, p. 283].
On the celebration devoted to delivery of the Lenin award to Ch. Aitmatov, Sayakbay told fragments from the epos. Having seen him, the famous musicologist V. Orlov has exclaimed: «What instrumentation! How thrilling! » When have begun to translate him the epos into Russian, he has exclaimed: «Forgive, give better I will admire this surprising instrumentation! ». That is when Sayakbay sang, the epos didn't need the translation. Japanese, Swedes, Turks, Indians, Americans with pleasure welcomed Sayakbay; surprising improvisation, his ability of the storyteller, actor's talent it was clear without the translation. According to the creative public Sayakbay - is theater of one brilliant actor!
Such as Sayakbay appear time in hundred years and it is unknown when now such improvisator as Sayakbay appears [3, p. 15]. Know by heart 500 553 lines of songs is a special phenomenon, it is genius! When such still appears? To inform of his talent future generations, improvisatory art is our debt, our duty. Or, as one of bright scientists-philosophers Asanbek Tabaldiyev writes: «Yet in the history there is no similar talent that to compare him with Sayakbay Karalayev!»
Your feat of the great storyteller is similar to a great feat of Manas! And how many memory of the Kyrgyz people will remember Manas feats of arms, so your image will always be near Manas!
References
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