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Mergus albellus. Обычен (0.1 ос./км2) на озёрах первичных разнотравных с древовидными ивняками и заболоченных осоково-сабельниковых лугов поймы Индиги и других рек. Встречен выводок из 4 птенцов.
Mergus serrator. Распространён в бассейне Индиги. Возможно, гнездится. Обычен (0.4 ос./км2) на озёрах первичных разнотравных с древовидными ивняками и заболоченных осоково-сабельниковых лугов. В середине-конце августа наблюдались стаи длинноносых крохалей до 30 особей, часто совместно с шилохвостями, на старичных озёрах среди осоково-сабельниковых лугов в нижнем течении Индиги.
Mergus merganser. Отмечен до среднего течения Индиги. Гнездится по старичным озёрам на первичных разнотравных лугах с древовидными ивами и зарослями кустарниковых ив в пойме реки Встречен выводок из 4 птенцов. Средняя плотность 0.07 ос./км2.
ISSN 0869-4362
Russian Journal of Ornithology 2000, Express-issue 99: 14-15
Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis recorded in the White Sea in autumn 1999
Mauri Leivo*, Timo Asanti,
Jari Kontiokorpi, Markku Mikkola-Roos,
Ari Parviainen, Pekka Rusanen
* Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, SF-00251 Helsinki, Finland E-Mail: [email protected]
Received 21 February 2000
An international RECMAB expedition in the White Sea from 24th September to 9th October 1999 was organised by Finnish Environment Institute in collaboration with Northern Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Petrozavodsk, Karelia).
The 25th September 1999 was stormy day, wind was heavy from north-east. We were routineously observing arctic bird migration on a ship deck. At 1 p.m. a strange, middle-sized, gull-like bird was seen in a distance of half-a-kilometer from the ship. It was immediately identified as shearwater by its proportionally very long and narrow wings, fairly short and thick body, short tail, and especially its significant manner of flying. It flew fast in tail-wind holding its wings somewhat down-curved but steady without any wing-flapping. Typically it did steep dives toward sea surface, glide some time between large waves and rose again into the sky for a while before the next dive. Fortunately, the light was good and colours of the bird could be well seen for its identification.
It was soon identified as a Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis. Some of the team had experience of the species (and its closest relatives) e.g. on waters of Ireland, and certain essential characteristics familiar to them were noticed in the bird. It was like a giant Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus, with white un-derparts, very dark upperparts and sharp demarkation line on sides between these fields. However, it was twice as large as Manx, and only slightly smaller than a Herring Gull which visited beside it for a moment, but with longer wings than in the gull. Also its flight obviously indicated a large shearwater, it was more powerful and slower than e.g. on Manx.
Overall colouring on upperparts was very dark blackish-brown but there was distinctive cold-grey colour or shade on back and wing coverts (much browner on Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea, the only confusingly similar species). The greyish area on back and coverts showed a clear contrast against very dark flight feathers. There was a whitish "U" on rump, and a white band across the nape between greyish-brown mantle and sharply demarkated black cap (cf. Cory's). All underparts were pure white. Possible dark markings in the mid-belly could not be seen, partly due to strong wind which enabled the use of telescope on the deck.
After followed for a couple of minutes by us, the shearwater disappeared in horizont into the swell of the sea.
Great Shearwater breeds far in the southern hemisphere. In autumn (our spring) it starts its long loop migration to arctic waters in the northern hemisphere along the coast of Americas, and turns to east toward North Europe and continues back to south for summer (our winter) along the eastern Atlantic. Due to this spectacular migration pattern, August-September is indeed the best time to see the species in Europe. Cory's Shearwater, even though breeding much close (in the Mediterranean), normally doesn't go as far north as Great Shearwater, being, thus, less probable visitor in the White Sea.
To our knowledge, this is the first record of Puffinus gravis in Russia.
Встреча большого пестробрюхого буревестника Puffinus gravis в Белом море осенью 1999 года
Маури Лейво, Тимо Азанти, Яри Контиокорпи, Марку Миккола-Рооз, Ари Парвиайнен, Пекка Рузанен
Во время экспедиции на Белое море 24 сентября 1999 мы наблюдали с борта судна одного буревестника. Его удалось хорошо рассмотреть и определить как большого пестробрюхого буревестника Puffinus gravis. Насколько нам известно, это первая встреча вида в пределах России.
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