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Gayduchok V.M.,
Berezovetskyi A.P.,
Berezovetskyi S.A.,
Petrov M.I.
Lviv State Agrarian University
Raising of problem and task of researches
By the important scientific-applied problem, that lowers reliability throwing of organic fertilizers about, there is absence of scientific-methodical grounds of constructing and creation of these machines. Today in the world market it is possible to find over 200 types of fertilisers, that have the substantial differences of constructions, grounds which is absent [3, 4, 6, 9].
One of basic factors, that stipulate reliability work of good, there is construction material, which he is made from. Therefore development of scientific-methodical grounds creation of fertilizers and their working organs is an actual task.
Today in agricultural mashinebulding of Ukraine in connection with a crisis situation in the economy of country for making of technique, even such, that intended for exploitation in difficult terms (aggressive environment, cyclic loading and others like that) are used cheap low-grade carbon permanent. Term of service of most machines and equipment of stock-raising farms and complexes (cattle-feeders, machines for bringing of fertilizers, conveyors, sieves arc for the division of pus on faction, equipment for maintenance of bird, sewage systems and others) far less depreciation [8, 9, 11]. It is conditioned by both corrosion in aggressive working environments, and breakages from the mechanical loading.
Scientific-methodical grounds of researches
On the basis of analysis of scientific researches, front-rank production experience and patent search of technologies of bringing of fertilizers and constructions of throwing [1, 4, 6, 7] about it is set by us, that operating-technological indexes of throwing about with vertical working organs billows far the best than at throwing about with their horizontal placing. However quality of bringing of fertilizers (unevenness of distributing of fertilizers on the field) not fully satisfies the existent requirements [6]. For the improvement of quality of distributing of fertilizers on the field by us the construction of scattering mechanism is offered, that represents by itself the complete set of two elements shyness which are revolved with different angular speeds. It enables more evenly to top-dress and more precisely regulate the modes of operations of machine, depending on concrete production terms (sizes of areas, width of bringing, norm of bringing).
Reliability and longevity of work of machine can be well-to-do by the choice of the proper construction materials. A billow is the basic knot of scattering organ (fig. 1).
For providing of his reliability and longevity the trybomechanical systems of sliding on the example of interface were developed axis-hob, conditionally shown in figure 1 by positions 1 and 4, which work simultaneously in an environment an abrasive and aggressive, as technological raw material contains salts of acids nitric, sulphuric and phosphoric [2].
1 2 3 4 5 5
Fig.1 — Chart of two section screw: 1 — billow;
2 — pipe;
3 — drive asterisk;
4 — hobs;
5 — coils of the screwn
TRIBOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS THROWING OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ABOUT
The results of planning of the trybosistem sliding were given in the form of [2, 6, 10], what suitable for a next independent estimation and comparison with other sources.
For the tribosistem sliding “billow of vertical distributive-dosage device - a hob” is developed card of data of the tribomechanical system (fig. 2).
On the plane of functions of the tribomechanical system basic attention is spared to the technical setting, that in the card of trybomechanical data of the sliding is shown position.
Operating parameters which over are brought in position II include the type of motion, duration of work, loading, speed and temperature. The type of material, cleanness of treatment and others like that, belongs to other operating parameters.
I. TECHNICAL FUNCTION OF TRIBOMEHANICAL SYSTEM OF THROWING OF ORGANIC
FERTILIZERS ABOUT
Analysis of friction and wear of interface: shaft of the dosing out device - the plug
ІІ. OPERATING PARAMETERS
Type of motion: continuous sliding
Duration of work: Т = 2000 hours
Loading:
p = ■ fT)
Speed: V =/(T)
Temperature: t =/(T)
Loading 1600 ... 2400 H
V = 1 ... 2,6 мс-
t = 20 ... 40 °С
Other working materials: type of material - steel 45, cleanness of treatment - Rmd = 0,63 mm ■.
cast-iron CT-20-20, Rand = 1,25 mm
III. STRUCTURE OF TRIBOMEHANICAL SYSTEM
Properties ТЕ
ТЕ-1
ТЕ-2
ТЕ-3
ТЕ-4
tr
e
p
o
c
cir
o
v
dn
a
e
up
S
Denotation of element and material
shaft vertical - steel 45
Geometry, sizes, volume
0125
l =687 mm,
V =85875 mm
plug - СЧ-20
0 125 + °’034,
1 = 70 mm,
V =23121 mm3
Solidol, semi-fluid faction of pus
Fumes of pus and water, dust
Chemical
composition
С - 0,42 - 0,48 % Мп-0,5С, Ni-0,25, Fe-other
С - 4,0 ... 4,4 %, Mn - 0,8 %, Fe-other
Hydro-carbons, salts of acids
SiO2
Physics-mechanical data: hardness, viscosity and others
HRC 60 С = 90 ... 120 kG/sm2
а
s, = 70 ... 90 kG/sm2
HB = 200 ... 220
Topographical data
Ra = 0,63 mm
Ra = 1,25 mm
Data of superficial layer
To temper the SVC depths. 1,2... 1,6 mm
Greasing periodic
Area of contact
А = 8750 mm2
Tribologichni co-operations
complete track of wear, E
97 %
100
IV. TRIBOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONS
X
2
2
Change of properties of triboelements
The sketch o/interface
Dependence o/wear on time
Г0СТ14806- 80Т5 A5 ю
Wear of vertical shaft and plug due to friction of sliding in an environment an abrasive and aggressive. Change of properties and roughness of surface
isssssss. ( <n"
¡S
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
1
4
3
3
Fig. 2 — Card of tribomehanical data of interface of sliding
The type of motion with speed 1 ... 2,6 ms'1. Duration of work is certain for an experimental machine -2000 hours, that will provide faultless of work of this interface during 3 - 4 seasons of work, that provides faultless of work of such interface during 3 - 4 seasons of work. Structure of the III tribomehanical system, is described her triboelements, by their proper properties and cooperations. Triboelement 1 - it is a shaft from steel 45, and triboelement 2 - plug from graphiteplastic. Triboelement 3 - it is solidol, and triboelement -4 - semi-fluid faction of pus, a concentrate pars pus and moisture.
Tribological properties divide into superficial and by volume: to superficial belong roughness, composition of superficial layers, parameters of the superficial tempering, and by volume - it is a geometrical form, chemical composition and parameters of materials, including module of resiliency, hardness, density, heat conductivity, metallurgical structure and others like that.
Viscosity, chemical composition and dependence of viscosity, from a temperature and pressure is the proper properties for a grease.
For an atmosphere will be properties above all its chemical composition, amount and pressure of separate constituents, including aquatic solution of pus.
For condensate and moisture will be properties above all its chemical composition, volume of moisture and temperature.
Cooperations between triboelements engulf the processes of contact, friction, wear, and also modes of greasing.
Except for the processes of friction and wear between the triboelements TE-1 and TE-2 tribological system the processes of adgezii, diffusion and evaporation of grease have the special value TE-3 and environment TE-4. Tribological descriptions include the changes of structure of the system, losses of energy on friction and wear, losses of material as a result of wear. The changes of structure can be related to destruction of elements or formation of new, with the changes of topography of contact and others like that.
Results of researches
Basic tribological processes are shown as schematic diagrams for all more difficult systems, that is with the greater amount of interactive elements.
As a result of structural-power analysis of the tribosystem sliding of fertilizer, the operating strengthening of superficial layers in the process of work of machines is possible and practically feasible [2]. As results of the passport system of interfaces of sliding of machines after work in various environments show, as a result of optimum combination of triboelements and use of tehnological (providing of the proper hardness, roughness, terms of run-in and others like that) and structural factors (speeds of the mutual moving, loading, temperatures, vibrations and others like that) friendly to self-organizing of superficial layers of triboelements, there can be an operational hardening of surfaces of sliding in the process of work. It is possible to lead by this process. Addition to the standard greases of optimum amount of additives superficial-active and chemical-active allows considerably to promote the resource of work of the tribosistem sliding. Under the conditions loading coefficient of the operating strengthening for different external environments can arrive at 2,6 ... 3,1 [2]. However, for most responsible tribosistem sliding expediently due to the insignificant structural changes, for example, establishment of additional insert the anode in TE-1 or TE-2 of the proper material and addition optimum amount of additive which contains elements, that are able to be grown the galvanic rubbing of superficial layers in the process of exploitation, to create terms for work, which would be instrumental in the lost-free functioning of the tribosystem sliding, that is speed of increase of superficial layer is balanced with speed of wear. In such case the resource of machine can be fully guided.
Conclusions
1. Picking of wearproof triboelements after a structural-power index and creation of the tribomehanical systems of economical resource up allows substantially to promote the resource of machines.
2. For making of two-section scattering shyness (the interface is a “shaft-plug”) steel is recommended for shaft 45, and for a plug the cast-iron СЧ-20.
3. Picking of wearproof triboelements after a structural-power index and creation of the tribomehanical systems of economical resource up also allows substantially to promote a resource, and reliability of work of throwing about.
Кеїгепсе8
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Надійшла 16.03.2008
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