CC BY
3
ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
Abdulmanafova F. S., master's student, 1st year
Dagestan State University direction "Economy" Russia, Makhachkala Supervisor: H. A. Bilalova senior lecturer
STATE SUPPORT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS IN THE
REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Abdulmanapova F.Sh., a student of the first year of a master's degree in Economics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
Annotation. The article considers the main problems and individual indicators of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Dagestan, as well as the existing programs of state support for this sphere.
Key words: small and medium business, region, bankruptcy, investments, state incentive, infrastructure, entrepreneur.
УДК 330
Абдулманапова Ф.Ш. студент магистратуры 1 курса направление «Экономика» Дагестанский Государственный Университет научный руководитель: Билалова Х.А.
старший преподаватель Россия, г. Махачкала ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ МАЛОГО И
СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
ДАГЕСТАН
Аннотация. В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы и отдельные показатели развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в Республике Дагестан, а также действующие программы государственной поддержки данной сферы. Также для сравнения представлен зарубежный опыт в данной сфере. Предложены меры по улучшению ситуации малого и среднего предпринимательства в Республике Дагестан.
Ключевые слова: малый и средний бизнес, регион, банкротства, инвестиции, государственное стимулирование, инфраструктура, предприниматель.
In a market economy, small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Dagestan play a key role in the development of the region and the country. In developed countries in this sector employs more than half of the able-bodied
population. The high level of development of small and medium businesses increases the country's total GDP and serves as an indicator of a stable and developed economy.
The economy of Dagestan was never able to "stand up" after the crises. In 2017, the republic takes 70th place in the rating of the regions of Russia in small and medium business.
Dagestan is an economically unique subject of the Russian Federation, where it is possible to develop in any direction: trade, industrial, agricultural, and so on. Because of the low level of economic development, the North Caucasian Federal District is in a situation where every sixth resident is unemployed. In this regard, it can be argued that the population has a relatively low level of income and life.
Hence, we see the reasons for the bankruptcies of small and medium-sized enterprises in the region, where more than half of the organizations are closed in the 2-3 years of existence.
Also, for clarity, you can identify the main economic indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises.
According to statistics, at the beginning of 2017, 89 430 economic entities, including individual entrepreneurs, operated on the territory of Dagestan. Within the framework of the implementation of the priority project of the Republic of Dagestan, "Deregulation of the economy", measures were taken to identify and register persons who carry out entrepreneurial activities without proper registration for tax registration. According to the information provided by the working groups, since the beginning of 2016 as a result of the inspections, 13,771 people have been identified, working without no registration no in no tax bodies, no no no no no no 8 no 216.
In no present no time no in no Republic no Dagestan no act a few no state no programs of no support of small no and no medium no enterprise.
1. The State Program of the Republic of Dagestan "Economic development and innovative economy"
The programme's main objectives are: ensuring the necessary conditions for a favourable investment activity on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan in terms of the existence of adverse factors; creation of favorable economic, legal and socio-labor conditions for the dynamic development of small and medium entrepreneurship on the territory of the Republic;
ensuring the competitiveness of small and medium entrepreneurship development of innovative entrepreneurship;
providing assistance to small and medium enterprises in the implementation of their produce (works, services), products, directions of intellectual activity on the market of the Republic of Dagestan, other domestic markets and foreign markets; involvement in enterprise wide layers of the population of the nation.
2. Since 2005, the Ministry of economic development is implementing a special program aimed at providing subsidies from the Federal budget to budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation to provide state support to small and
medium-sized entrepreneurship at the regional level.
Currently, the program acts according to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 30 January 2014 No. 1605 "About granting and distribution of subsidies from the Federal budget to budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation for state support of small and medium enterprises, including peasant (farmer) economy" and is issued annually by the orders of the Ministry of economic development.
The program involves the distribution of funds based on the results of competitive selection, intended for the implementation of activities under regional development programs of small and average business, provided co-financing of expenditure from the region. This method allows in addition to Federal funds to raise funds in regions as well as the "push" regions to implement a more active policy in the sphere of support of entrepreneurship.
3. Since 2004 JSC "SME Bank" implements the state program of financial support of small and medium-sized businesses.
In the activities of the "SME Bank" include providing assistance to small and medium-sized businesses, by addressing such tasks as:
- providing financial resources for the short-term and long-term nature, both nationwide and in individual regions;
- provision of all forms and types of support of subjects of small and average business;
- focusing on a separate segment of business, including: production, innovation, modernization, social and especially significant for the region's industry.
Activities of the SME Bank aims to provide financial assistance to small and medium-sized businesses through partner banks, leasing companies, microfinance company.
In 2015, in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures for further development of small and medium entrepreneurship" and the Federal law "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on development of small and medium entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation" was created JSC "Corporation "SMEs", operating as a state Institute of development of small and medium-sized businesses.
Also, it is worth noting that in Dagestan in 2017 the federal program "You are an entrepreneur"
Project Objectives: To stimulate the activity of young people in the field of entrepreneurship by implementing in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation an effective system of measures aimed at involving young people in entrepreneurial activities.
One of the reasons for the low level of small and medium-sized business in Dagestan is the shadow economy, which does not allow the region to develop. The reasons may be: high level of corruption, high regional taxes, illiteracy of entrepreneurs, etc. In the republic there is no incorruptible bona fide apparatus for controlling this sector. In this regard, entrepreneurs do not consider it necessary to
legitimize their activities and pay all the proper taxesToday, small business abroad, in European countries, is state-regulated through the development and quality implementation of targeted programs for financial, information, technological and personnel support for the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
In the European Union, specifically for fruitful cooperation between small companies from different countries, stimulating the development of small business, new legal models were introduced to solve the problems and disagreements that arise in the collision of legal systems of different states (European Pool of Economic Interests, EAC - European Joint Stock Company and etc.). Also, each member of the EU seeks to maximally support small and medium-sized enterprises in their country. For example, a newly created small business in France is not only released for 2 years from local taxes, but during this time the tax on joint-stock companies is not taken, taxes on the invested part of profits and income are reduced.
France set up a special fund, whose funds were directed to lending and investing small businesses, and a whole list of temporary tax breaks was developed and implemented.
Taking foreign experience on "armament", to bring small and medium-sized businesses to a high level, including, and removing it from the "shadow", it is possible to offer such instruments of state regulation of this sector:
- to raise the level of informatization in the region, and then introduce a law on the implementation of all financial transactions strictly by cashless settlement;
- create a tax administration apparatus, where control will be conducted remotely and annotated;
- Provide entrepreneurs with some protection from the state;
- Establish a system of concessional lending and taxation for small and medium-sized businesses;
- toughen the punishment for conducting illegal business.
Использованные источники:
1. Постановление Правительства Республики Дагестан от 22 декабря 2014 года n 651 об утверждении государственной программы республики Дагестан "Экономическое развитие и инновационная экономика". http: //docs.cntd.ru/
2. Уголовный Кодекс РФ. http://fb.ru/article/213450/statya-uk-rf-nezakonnoe-predprinimatelstvo
3. Бизнес малый - возможности большие. http://mahachkala.bezformata.ru/listnews/biznes-malij-vozmozhnosti-bolshie/58373379/
4. Поддержка малого бизнеса в Дагестане: миф или реальность. https://www.riadagestan.ru/news/economy/podderzhka malogo biznesa v dagest ane_mif_ili_realnost/
5. https: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbi_—предприниматель
