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2ISSUE 4, 2015 97
GLOBALIZATION OF ECONOMY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CYCLES OF DEVELOPMENT
OF CORPORATE FORMATIONS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Abstract
Features of corporate formations development in the sphere of constantly amplifying influence of globalization of world economy and features of its cyclic development gained the high importance nowadays. The theory of business cycles significantly dominates in studying of developmental processes, which cornerstone is the fundamental law of the investment cycles theory: laws of investment define phases of industrial cycle. According to the authors, the topical issue is studying corporate formations development in conditions of cyclically active environment, within coordination of forward economic development of corporate formations with cycles of global economy development by means of formation of corporate policy of cyclic fluctuations smoothing.
Keywords
business cycle, corporate formation, crisis, investments, public administration
In recent years, the special attention is paid to features of corporate formations development in the sphere of constantly amplifying influence of processes of world economy globalization and features of its cyclic development. The theory of business cycles significantly dominates in studying of developmental processes. M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky's works are the cornerstone of the theory: he was the first, who formulated the fundamental law of the investment theory of cycles: laws of investment define phases of an industrial cycle. The violation of economic activity rhythm provoke the crisis phenomena in economic systems, which in turn arise because of violation, and often, because of absence of the parallelism principle of in the markets of different spheres during intensive positive development of economy. The violation of economic activity rhythm is caused by disproportions between the savings and investments caused by violations of proportionality of the prices movement on capital benefits and consumer goods.
Within this direction, in the first half of the 20th century, the Russian economist N. D. Kondratyev proved that in the long term (about 50 years) there is quite steady cyclic regularity. He added M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky's postulates and defined that in an upward phase of a business cycle rather prompt warming up of economy surely leads society to inevitable changes, which opportunities often seriously lag behind requirements of economic system of the specified society. As a result, development of economic system passes into a bearish phase. The bearish phase of a business cycle is that crisis catalyst, which stimulates reorganization of the economic relations helping the economy to take an upward phase.
AUTHORS
Nikolay Shumskiy
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Department of Marketing and Business Management Kuban State Technical University Krasnodar, Russia nikshum@maH.ru
Mikhail Shchepakin
PhD in Economics, Professor dean of Economics, Management and Business Department Kuban State Technical University Krasnodar, Russia
If to speak about effective use of that theoretical and practical baggage, which is acquired by a number of researchers (Tougan-Baranovsky, Viksell, Spiethoff, Fischer, Schumpeter, Mises, Kondratyev) of business cycles for creation an effective control system of cyclic development, it is possible to allocate 2 global directions:
1) adequate and system planning of development of state regulation of economy, amplitudes of cyclic fluctuations promoting smoothing, i.e. during recession the state pursues policy of activation of all economic processes, and in the period of the economy overheating seek to constrain business activity.
2) adaptive management of corporate formation development taking into account amplitude of cyclic fluctuations of economic system.
The most topical issue for us is studying of corporate formations development in conditions of cyclically active environment. To be more exact, it is coordination of forward economic development of corporate formations with cycles of global economy development by means of formation of corporate policy of cyclic fluctuations smoothing.
Within the considered direction, the extremely interesting feature of the Tougan-Baranovsky's theory is that the general reduction of new enterprises number inevitably causes violation of proportionality in the sphere of productive forces distribution. The balance between cumulative demand and cumulative offer is broken for the reason that new enterprises create expanded demand for both goods of production appointment and consumer goods (the phenomenon connected with the animator's action). From this follows that of new enterprises number in delivering consumer goods industry also have reduction in demand as the branches delivering means of production. It should be noted that M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky assigned a special role to loan capital in the course of cyclic fluctuations of economy. He noted that increase of loan percent is a sure sign of lack spare loan capital in the country for needs of the industry. The conclusion from it is that the immediate cause of crisis is not surplus of loan capital (which is don't have application), but in its shortcoming.
Thus, based on the aforesaid, it is possible to carry out direct dependences between the number of really functioning enterprises / corporate formations in separately taken economic system both on regional/state, and world levels, and cycles of development. It is possible to allocate the following factors having the defining impact on recurrence of development:
- globalization of economy, and, as a result, trance nationalization of business cycles;
- formation of 'leaders' and 'the conducted' economic systems within business cycles;
- non-uniformed structure of causes and consequences of business cycle for its participants;
- need in creation the vertically integrated global control system of business cycles.
Certainly, the most important problem of effective system of public and municipal
administration is formation of the global vertically integrated control system of business cycles, which would cover all levels of state and municipal management and consider the condition of business environment. If to speak about the vertically integrated control system of business cycles, it is based on two key 'pillars':
1) the vertical hierarchy, which is based on system of public administration and includes necessary interactions between all levels of the power within effective economic cycles management;
2) the integrated component, which assumes complex interaction with the key organizations, communities or participants of the corporate (business) environment within formation of the practical mechanism of business cycles management.
Special attention should be paid to complex interaction with key market players within thework. That key participants of the market relations in many respects determine amplitudes of cyclic fluctuations of economic system on the branch and regional levels
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and, as a result, their activity is the defining activity in the course of business cycles formation.
We see the process of creation of the integrated component of economic cycles control system in development and creation of the unified analytical models of organizational-economic processes management in the company on the centers and points of responsibility (controlling points) with concentration at the top step of an analytical ladder (pyramid). The predominating representative of its pyramid should be a member of advisory council of branch, which head, in turn, would represent a position of branch in advisory council of the region. As a result, the head of advisory council of the region would represent its interests at the national level.
Thus, this structure ideally suits for the large participants of market/branch defining its rules. The structure has the analytical divisions specializing on their productive-economic cycle and both preparing operational analytical information for heads of divisions, and having opportunity to create information for advisory council of the region branch.
Basis of the organization of these analytical processes in the key companies of branch the is the use of multicomponent models, which are organic continuation of one-component models (they include one level of analytical responsibility assuming the analysis of macro-indicators of company's activity). The models bring analytical processes to qualitatively new level both on analysis depth, and on management susceptibility degree to the received results.
Multicomponent models of the organization of analytical processes in the company are based on an assessment of all range of analytical indicators with carrying out the deep factorial analysis. This model allows to analytically investigating all components of internal and external environment on both micro-external and macro-external levels. The definitions micro-external and macro-external environment of the market key participant are not used incidentally. This model of analytical processes organization has to take into account both the research of macroeconomic parameters of economic, political, natural, legal, etc. environment surrounding the company and the study of nearest environment of direct (local) business environment of market participant. The key elements of analytical model are the adaptively developed analytical tools; clear understanding of the carried-out analytical work for economic efficiency of company functioning at this stage of its development; interaction with branch partners for the purpose of formation the overall picture of economic processes at the current stage of economy development.
Thus, it is possible to note that formation of an analytical control system of forecasting and business cycles management demands rather laborious and system work with all key market players, which economic development has the defining character for branches of their functioning.
As a result, the state represented by the profile ministries and departments has to initiate the process of formation of the described analytical structure, which will assume the above functions. Perhaps, this process can take place under the auspices of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, which being the all-Russian organization represents interests of business community at both Russian and international levels; includes more than hundred branch and regional associations of key economic sectors (energy industry, mechanical engineering, investment-bank sphere, defense industry complex, construction, chemical production, light and food industry, services sector).
Respectively the huge resource of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs within the studied question consists in possibility of implementation of the project on thousands of the largest Russian companies - representatives of the industrial, scientific, financial and commercial organizations in all Russian regions. The main objective of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs consists in consolidation of efforts of the Russian industrialists and businessmen directed on improvement of the
business environment, increase of the status of the Russian business in the country and in the world, maintenance of balance of society interests, power and business. Forming tools of management of economy development cycles, we actually achieve the stated purposes of the businessmen union.
REFERENCES
1. Arakelyan, N. (2013) "Anti-recessionary measures in the conditions of cyclic development", Public administration, No. 8, pp. 35-42.
2. Glazyev, S.Yu. (2008) Strategy of the advancing development of Russia in the conditions of global crisis, Moscow, Eksmo.
3. Golichenko, O.G. & Samovolev, S. A. (2011 ) "Failures of the market and state in Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020. 'Innovative Russia - 2020'", Innovations, No. 2.
4. Kat'kalo, V.S. (2008) Evolution of the theory of strategic management, Saint Petersburg, Prod. House of Peterburg State University.
5. Tsygankov, D.V. (2012) "Clever regulation", State supervision, No. 4.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION, AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the analysis of problems of legal regulation of public service in education, and also to problems of legal regulation and types of the conflict of interests in public service of the Russian Federation.
Keywords
public service, higher education, conflict of interests, responsibility of public servants
AUTHORS
Ilya Surmanidze
PhD, Associate Professor Law Department Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Kirov, Russia ily6897@yandex.ru
Andrey Kirillovyh
PhD, Associate Professor Law Department Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Kirov, Russia kirillovykh2014@yandex.ru
Education as service function of the modern State. Today in the scientific literature increasingly talk about service functions of a modern State, an example of which is the concept of «public services». These kinds of services, like social security, health care, and education are some of the main functions of a modern State, who proclaimed himself a social (art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and reflect the public in advance.
Educational function among other social functions is one of the dominant and particular interest in its effective implementation has both State and society. The latter is extremely interested in the presence of a high level of educational services, particularly in the field of higher education, that at this stage of development can only be achieved through a system of institutions that are created and managed at the State level.
