CC BY
7
Kayumov A.A., PhD associate professor Department of Natural Sciences
UzSWLU
GLOBAL WARMING IN THE WORLD, ITS PROBLEMS AND POLICY
CHANGES
Abstract. Global warming in the world, its impact on the world's population, the melting of glaciers and rising sea levels as a result of climate change, flooding of regions, population migration, and the uncontrolled release of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere are covered in this article.
Keywords: Climate change, global warming, glaciers, greenhouse gases, melting glaciers, sea level rise, renewable energy.
The problem of climate change in the world is becoming more relevant every year. On hot days, we all think a lot about global warming and worry about the future. Such vagaries of the weather in recent years can be collectively called "climate change". The weather shows its whims not only in summer but also in winter.
In addition to global warming, the problem of climate change in the world includes erratic rainfall, sometimes droughts, and sometimes flash floods. By comparison, as of 2017, since global records began in 1980, the temperature of planet Earth has increased by 1 °C. This number may not seem significant, but if we look at it as an average over the surface of the planet, we can see that the change is large, resulting in melting glaciers and a dramatic rise in sea levels. If the emission of greenhouse gases does not stop, scientists predict that the average temperature of the planet Earth will increase by 4 °C. This can make large parts of the land uninhabitable. In the 19th century, scientists discovered that certain gases trap heat from the Earth, and without their help, this heat escapes into space. Carbon dioxide plays a key role in this process: without it, the planet would have turned into a frozen desert. In 1896, it was first predicted that the temperature of the planet would increase due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases. Today, their number in the atmosphere has increased by 43% compared to the period before the industrial revolution, and the average temperature of the Earth has increased to the value predicted by scientists. There is convincing evidence, such as studies using radioactive radiation, to determine the share of industrial greenhouse gas emissions. Research results show that excess gas is the result of human activities. Carbon dioxide levels have always naturally risen and fallen, but these changes took thousands of years. Geologists say that during economic activities, people release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere more intensively than in nature.
Scientists say that in the next 25-30 years, the climate will become warmer and weather conditions will become more severe. Coral reefs and other vulnerable habitats are already disappearing. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to be released unchecked into the atmosphere, scientists fear serious long-term consequences: disruption of the world order, large-scale migration, the acceleration of mass extinctions of plants and animals in Earth's history, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and the world's coastlines. consequences such as flooding of most of the cities. These hazardous gases are already taking their toll, and this is an opportunity for our generation to grapple with the deep moral questions we face.
Without realizing it, humanity is already experiencing the consequences of climate change. For example, about 83,000 people in New York and New Jersey were affected by sea level rise during Hurricane Sandy, which scientists believe would not have happened under a stable climate. Tens of thousands of people are already dying in heat waves exacerbated by global warming. The influx of refugees that has destabilized the political situation around the world is partly due to climate change. Of course, as with other social problems, the poor will take the first and hardest hit.
Sea levels are rising at an alarming rate and are currently rising at a rate of 0.3 meters per 100 years. Scientists who study the history of the earth believe that in the worst case, although this is unlikely, the water will rise by half a meter in ten years. Many experts believe that even if greenhouse gas emissions stop tomorrow, the sea level will rise by 4-6 meters, enough to flood many cities. If this continues, it can eventually rise to 24-30 meters.
Scientists have published convincing evidence that the cause of heat waves is global warming. Tropical rains and floods will increase as global sea levels rise due to human emissions. In many other cases, the connection of natural phenomena such as hurricanes to global warming is not clear or controversial. But modern methods of climate analysis allow scientists to constantly improve their knowledge of natural phenomena.
Humanity has not taken any measures for a long time, so according to experts, the situation is not promising now. As long as there are fossil fuels on Earth, it's not too late to act. Global warming will only reach a potentially manageable level if greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to zero. The good news: Emissions are now falling in many countries as a result of programs such as fuel economy standards for cars, strict building codes and emission limits for power plants. But scientists say that to avoid the worst consequences of climate change, the process of transition to renewable energy sources should be significantly accelerated.
The least renewable energy sources include wind turbines, solar panels, hydroelectric plants, and nuclear power plants. Natural gas-fired power plants also produce fewer emissions than coal-fired ones. Switching to renewable energy sources may be expensive in the short term, but in the long run, all investments
are justified by compensating for climate damage and reducing air pollution-related illnesses. The expansion of the renewable energy market will reduce their cost, and as a result, clean energy will be cheaper than "dirty" energy produced in several countries around the world.
The transition to clean energy will hurt some industries, such as coal companies, but it will also create new jobs. Burning gas instead of coal in power plants will reduce emissions in the short term, although gas is still a fossil fuel that will need to be phased out.
"Clean coal" is a set of technologies that capture carbon dioxide released during combustion in furnaces and remove it from the soil. "Clean coal" has not yet been proven economically viable, but some experts believe these technologies could play an important role in the long term.
Electric cars are charged from the grid at night and do not pollute the environment, moving around the city during the day. They are more efficient than combustion engine vehicles, and even serve progress if the electricity needed for recharging comes from burning coal. Of course, electric vehicles will only be invaluable if they are charged with clean energy. The electronics industry is developing so fast that some countries are discussing banning the sale of internal combustion engine cars from 2030.
Greenhouse gases released by human activities are usually called "carbon emissions" for short. This is because the two main gases, carbon dioxide and methane, contain carbon. Some other pollutants are subject to taxes and quotas, even if they do not contain carbon. When you hear about taxes, carbon sales, and offsets, know that these are just a few of the methods of pricing emissions that economists believe are important steps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Scientists say that the problem can be solved only by large-scale collective action. All countries in the world must decide to make their energy industry clean, using all available methods and very quickly. So the most important thing you can do to exercise your legal right is to speak up about the problem and demand change.
There are simple ways to reduce your human-caused carbon footprint that can also save you money. In everyday life, electricity can be used wisely: for this, it is necessary to install an intelligent thermostat, replace light bulbs with energy-saving ones, turn off the lights when leaving the room. You can also join other people and use public transport to cover shorter distances and thus reduce the damage to your car. Finally, you can reduce the amount of food he eats, especially meat.
Avoiding one or two flights a year can reduce the overall damage. If you want to contribute as much as possible, buy an electric or hybrid car or install solar panels on your home. If the country you live in has a competitive electricity market, switching to 100% "green" energy is in your hands.
Leading corporations, including large industries such as automobile factories, have begun to use clean energy throughout their operations. Pay
attention to companies' policies, support those who are trying to reduce their carbon footprint, and let other companies know you expect the same from them. These steps may seem small, but they will increase your awareness of the problem and encourage others around you to be aware of it. In fact, discussing climate change with your friends and family is one of the most meaningful contributions you can make.
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