44ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
GIDRAVLIK EKSKAVATORLARNI RIVOJLANISHINI TAHLIL QILISH
Akbar Shavkatovich Jurayev
Navoiy davlat konchilik institute assistenti
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqolada gidravlik ekskavatoming dunyodagi va Respublikamizda ekspluatasiyasi bugungi holatini tahlili ko'rib chiqigan. Gidravlik ekskavtorning ishlashini gidravlik sxemalari keltirilib, po'lat arqonli ekskavatorlardan ustunlik jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Bir hil hajimli kovushga ega po'lat arqon ekskavtor va gidravlik ekskavtorni parametirrlari solishtirma tahlili keltirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Gidravlik ekskavatorlar, po'lat arqonli ekskavatorlar, gidravlik sxema, gidravlik qisimlar.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAVITY EXCAVATORS
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the current state of operation of a hydraulic excavator in the world and in our republic. The hydraulic schemes of the hydraulic excavator operation are presented and the aspects of the advantages of steel rope excavators are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the parameters of a steel rope excavator with a bucket of the same volume and a hydraulic excavator is presented.
Keywords: hydraulic excavators, steel rope excavators, hydraulic circuit, hydraulic sleeves.
KIRISH
Hozirgi kunda dunyoning barch nuqtalarida qo'llanilayotgan gidravlik ekskavatorlar. 1882-yilda birinchi bo'lib gidravlik texnologiyasi qo'llaniladigan ekskavator ser U.G.Armstrong kompaniyasi Angliyada qurilgan bo'lib Halla dokini qurilishida ishlatilgan. Hozirgi zamonaviy gidravlik ekskavatordan farqli tomoni qollanilayotgan ishchi suyuqligi suv bo'lgan. Faqatgina birinchi to'liq gidravlik ekskavator 1897-yilda Kilgore Machine Companiya tomonidan arqonli uzatmalarsiz 4 ta parli silindrlar bilan to'g'ri ta'sir etadigan qurilgan. [1] (1-rasm)
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
1-rasm. Kilgore Machine Companiyasi tomonidan birinchi gidravlik ekskavator.
Evropada XX-asrning 50-yillarida kelib birinchi to'liq gidravlik ekskavator yaratildi. Uning og'irligi 15 tonna va 3 ta gidrosilindr tashkil qilib ko'tarib tushirish ishlarini tashkil etardi. 60-yilda esa gidravlik ekskavatorlardan foydalanish qiziqishi orta boshladi. Lekin usha davirlarda gidravlik elementlari (gidrosilindr, nasoslar, zolotniklar, filtrlar, salniklar, yuqori bosimli shlanglarni ulanish qisimlari va hokoza) takomillashtirish muomolari bo'lgan. Bu muomolarni yechimlarini yahshilash davri o'sha yilning o'zlarida topilib. 1968-yilda birinchi 40-tonnali gidravlik ekskavatorlar fransuz markali HC-300 va nemis markali RH-15 ishlab chiqarilagn. 70-yil o'rtalarida esa 140 tonnali RH-75A va 170 tonnali 1000 CR yaratildi. 1977-yil IChS "Uralmash" gidravlik ekskavator EG-12 kovush hajmi 12 m3 tayorlanib Kuzbas kar'yer razrezida qo'lanilib mexanik ekskavatorlardan ko'ra ancha ustunlik jihatlarini ko'rsata olgan. [2]
ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYA
Natijada manbalar taxliliga asoslangan holda XX-asirning 60-yillarning gidravlik ekskavatorlarning foydalanish keskin oshganligi yuzaga kela boshlagani ko'rinib turibdi. Buni arqonli va gidravlik ekskavatorlarning realizatsiya dinamikasida ko'rishimiz mumkin. (2-rasm)
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
Po'lat arqonli ekskavatorlar Gidravlik ekskavatorlar
2-rasm.Gidravlik ekskavatorning ekspluatasion dinamikasi
Bugungi kunda markaziy Qizilqum konlarida gidravlik ekskavatorlar operatsiyalari soni sezilarli darajada oshdi. Buni quyidagi diagrammada ko'rishimiz mumkin. (3-rasm.)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1980
1990
2000
Po'lat arqonli ekskavatorlar
2010 2020
Gidravlik ekskavatorlar
3-rasm. Markaziy qizilqum konlarida qo'llanilayotgan ekskavatorlar
NKMKda ishlaydigan ekskavator parkining 32 % ekspluatatsi gidravlik ekskavatorlarni tashkil etadi. Ulardan Hitachi va Terex gidravlik ekskavatorlaridan foydalaniladi. (4-rasm.)
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
Jadval. 1 Ekskavatorlarning asosiy ko'rsatkichlari.
№ Modeli Toliq quvvat Kovush hajmi Og'irligi
1 EX-1200 477.2 kbt 6.5 m3 110000 Kr
2 EX-3600 1449.6 kbt 23 m3 359000 Kr
3 RH40 567 kBt 7 m3 104550 Kr
Ekskavator parkidagi gidravlik ekskavatorlarning ushbu turdagi markalari quyidagi foizlarda tashkil etadi.
4-rasm. Ekskavator turlari
Gidravlik ekskavatorning gidravlik tizimda manba orqali godronasoslar ishchi suyuqliklarni bosim ostida harakatga keltirib gidravlik energiyani yuzaga keltiradi. Gidravlik quvurlar, himoyalovchi, boshqaruvchi va nazoratlovchi gidro elementlar esa bu energiyani mehanik harakatga keltiradigan gidrodvigatellarga uzatiladi. Natijada aylanma, burilma va tug'ri chiziqli ilgarilanma qaytma harakatlarni yuzaga keladi. (5-rasm)
Gidravlik ekskavatorlar asosiy tizimlari: Mexanika; Konstruksiya, pastki rama, buriluvchi platforma, ishchi qurilmalar, harakatlanish mexanizmi. Gidravlik tizmi; Gidravlik silindr, gidronasos, gidromator, zolotniklar, yuqori bosim rukavasi, filter, boshqaruvchi va himoyalanuvchu qurulmalari. Elektrik tizmi; Zalotniklarni boshqaruv salinoidlar, yoritish, issitish, ishchi qurilmalarni past haroratda issitish, haroratni
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
boshqaruvchi datchiklar tizmi, bosim, bortdagi kompyutor ko'rsatkichlarni boshqarish, operatorga ma'lumotni ta'minlash. Quvvat manbai; Ichki yonuv dvigateli, elektrodvigatel, buralish reduktori, harakatlanish va uzatma reduktori gidravlik nasoslari. [3-11]
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
5-rasm. Gidravlik tizimning prinsipial sxemasi: 1-gidronasos, 2-gidrotaqsimlagich, 3-himoyalanuvchi klapn, 4-boshqariluvchi drossel, 5-burilma gidromator, 6-filtr, 7-bak, 8-gidromator, 9-gidrosilindr.
Gidravlik ekskavatorlarning asosiy hususiyatlari quyidagicha:
- Kovush hajmi,
- Joylashgan joyidan ko'ra pastki qazish chuqurligi,
- Rejalashtirilgan uchastkaning uzunligi,
- Qazish balanligi,
- Qazish radiusi,
- Yuklash balandligi,
- Yuklash radiusi,
- Dum qismining radiusi,
- Kovushning kirish kuchi,
- Tishlarda kesish kuchi,
- Nasoslarning dvigatel quvvati,
- Gidro tizimda ish bosimi,
- Asosiy nasoslar soni,
- Nasosni uzatishi,
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
- Elektr motorlarining kuchi: burilishda,
- harakat tezligi,
- Harakatlanuvchi aravasining klirensi,
- Tog' jinsiga ta'sir qiladigan bosim,
- Ish davrining muddati,
- Ish massasi.
Gidravlik ekskavatorlarning tasniflanishi kovushining joylashishiga qarab 2 turga bo'linadi.
1-to'g'ri kovushli,
2-teskari kovushli.
MUHOKAMALAR VA NATIJALAR
Bir hil hajimli kovushga ega bo'lgan gidravlik ekskavatorning mexanik ekskavatorlarga nisbatan zaboylarda ishlash imkoniyati bir muncha yuqori. Shunga asosan quyidagi solishtirma grafikda ham ko'rishimiz mumkin. (6-rasm)
OJ
E E
■ Po'lat arqonli ekskavatorlar ■ Gidravlik ekskavatorlar
6-rasm. Arqonli va gidravlik ekskavatorlarning hajimlarini solishtirma grafigi: Rmax=maksimal qazish radiusi; R2max=ustup podoshvasini tozalashdagi maksimal radiusi;
Hmax=maksimal qazish balandligi.
XULOSA
Demak gidravlik ekskavatorlarning ekspluatasiyasi hozirgi kunda turli sohalarda judda keng hajimni egalashi, uning ishonchli va effektiv ishlashini ta'minlash yechimlarini tadqiqodi dolzar hisoblanadi.
18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
Hmax
R2max
Rmax
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
REFERENCES
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3. Абдуазизов Н.А., Алиев Т.Б. и др. ИК-спектроскопический анализ загрязненности гидравлической жидкости гидрофицированных горных машин // Universum: технические науки. - Москва, 2019. - No8. - С. 35-39. 2.
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9. Mardonova S.H., Jurayev A.Sh. "GIDRAVLIK EKSKAVATORLARNI KESKIN IQLIM SHAROITIDA ISHLATILISHINING TAHLILI" // CCII международной научно-практической конференции. Москва, 2021. С. 214-217.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 8 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-8-286-294
10. Abduazizov N.A. Zhuraev A.Sh. "Development of the Mathematical Model of Thermal Processes in the Controlling Loop of the Hydraulic Power Unit of the Quarry Combine."// International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. India. September 2018. Vol. 5, Issue 9, pp -124-130.
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