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GEOSTRUCTURAL PARADIGM IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ITS ROLE IN EXPLORATION OF LANDSCAPE STRATIFICATION
Khursanov Dunyobek Bakhtiyorovich, Resercher, faculty of Geography and ecology Samarkand state university, E-mail: Lutfullobek@mail.ru
GEOSTRUCTURAL PARADIGM IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ITS ROLE IN EXPLORATION OF LANDSCAPE STRATIFICATION
Abstract: This scientific paper narrates the geo-structural paradigm of physical geography and its exploration of landscape stratification.
Keywords: paradigm, geocysm, geocomponent, geomagnetic, landscape, stratification.
Introduction
Scientific knowledge consists of many different ideas and methods that are grouped into specific concepts and methods. As a result they are united by a common theory and methodology. Never the less, sometime in spite of the serious differences existing in the theory and methodology, it is possible to combine similar logic - philosophical foundations and methodological guidelines. The American scientist T. Kun (1977) proposed the concept of "paradigm" for the "unity of the theories" of similar generalities. T. Kun understood the paradigm, the scientific theory, which in the course of a certain period, served as a model for the scientific community to set and solve a scientific problem. According to the scientists idea, the paradigm shift leads to scientific revolutions - the paradigm ensures the unity of the scientific community
The scientific community consists of scientists who acknowledge a certain paradigm. The notion of paradigm is not limited to the theory of science alone, but also the methods of collection of evidence. Their classification the conclusions of individual and shared scientific goals, in the methodology of all knowledge.
Discussion parts of the paper. V. N. Solntsev (1978) analyzes the theoretical physical geographic scientific ideas of the XXIII "International Geographical Congress" and writes for the first time that there are four physical geographical paradigms in the field of physical geography. These include the following paradigms: 1) Geocomponent; 2) Geomechanical; 3) Ecological; 4) Geostriction. In the geostrategic paradigm, we wanted to focus primarily on the geo-system concept because it focuses on the structure of the geo-structure. Based on the words of Chavez (1978): "Geosystem covers all hierarchical lines of natural geographical units - elemental units from geographical shell to fase".
The systemic essence of the object is a particular emphasis on the concept of geo-system the nature of their order in the universal system. Since the emergence of a geostrategic paradigm relates to the doctrine of geothisie, recognition of this doctrine is a timeframe or V. B. Sochava (1978) states: "Recognizing the doctrine of the geo-system that forms the
basis of modern geo-geography should not cause doubts and doubts as to satisfy the further development of our science".
The structure of the structure is not only the subject of geography but also the basic concept of all subjects. Structure is an in dispensable attribute of all objects and systems in reallife situations. Attribute is an integral part of this object and can't exist without this object. That's why many geographers have addressed a geostrategic paradigm, meaning that the category of structures serves as a basic concept to understand the system's sustainable nature in space and time. In other words, it is physical that the landscape structure of the object that forms the system is structural.
Landscape survey on V. N. Noltsnev's (1981) methodology consists of three stages: substructure, choreostructural and chrono-structural. Structural concept has long been used in the field of physical geography and its role in the geo-strategic paradigm is of particular importance. V. N. Soltsnev analyzes the definitions of many structures in the field of physical geography and concludes: "The structure is either a substructure of the object or a feature of the object of space allocation". In other words the idea of a structure is based on an object idea. In addition the geostrategic paradigm the information about the geo-system (object) is derived from the "structure", whereas the "structure" is derived from the "interaction". In short the geo-system's own structure is based on the interaction of the elements that constitute the object.
At first glance it is necessary to study the original landscape structure in two waysfirstly, as a result of the actual material structures available. As a result of the existence and interaction of the components of the material structur econ-stitutes the basis of the set of geocomponents of the landscape and secondly, as a result of the interaction of the landscape system with the structure of the surrounding systemthat is the environment of being together.
The first approach involves researching the content of the landscape.
The second approach is to investigate the environment of the landscape. Only after substructural structural development can the structural landscape be fully accessible. From
Section 2. Geography
the description of the structure it is clear that the structure is a stable order of properties in the interaction.
Spatial structure - the order of the lens system, the stability of the chosen period of time. The timing structure is the stability of the sequential exchange of the cosmic state over time. The concept of space and time structures varies depending on the duration of timethat is the stability of the properties at that time. However the analysis of the time structure is based on the study of a set of spatial structures. Consequence coronatudinal research is the most necessary and independent stage of systematic study of the landscape structure. Choreographic research consists of three main stageselementary (simple), analytical and synthetic.
Simple coronary learning is based on the separation of the ordinary units of the landscape structure and the study of their internal structure. The scale of the study, which is the smallest unit of the horizontal system, is the "elemental" landscape or faction study. From the experience of horizontal research, even in large scale (1:10000 and small) topographical maps, it is impossible to study every single faint that is a group of phans as objects in these studies. Thus the scale of elemental choreostructure is relative and depends on the size of the landscape system.
Different types of space landscape structures that have been added together in the analitical choreostructural research are separated. The combined landscape is studied as a set of structured connections. That is complex landscape structures are formed as a result of the interaction between "elemental" landscapes and form certain forms of landscape structure.V.N.Soltsnev (1981) divides three landscape structures into the complex landscape structure: fragment - flat, linear and high area. According to these three landscape structures V. N. Solntsev (1978) divides three types of analytical and chorostrochemical research: a fragmentary structure a study of a linear structure a study of a high level structure.
The synthetic horizontal research identifies a specific type of three above mentioned landscape structures in each specific area and to make a clear conclusion about the structure based on the obtained knowledge the landscape structureis V N. Solntsev (1981). In other words, is a "closing" landscape structure is the spatial order of this landscape system is the most
common type of landscape structure in the area surveyed for a certain period of time. For example, if there is a whole landscape structure in certain parts of the mountain system (mainly in the high mountains). The other parts of the structure are linear (basin) structures while others have a high definition landscape structure. We know that the landscape structure, which is spread over the river or collector basin, belongs to the linear landscape structure. The third type of systematic study of the horizontal structure this is a chronological study. Conscious of the need for physical geographical, including landscape architecture of landscape processes. From this perspective, the occurrence of a continuous unitary state for any type and size of the landscape structureit is possible to determine the interval between the age and evolution of each age.
As a result of which it is possible to study the present state of the landscape structure, the historical period and evolutionary development. In connection with this, the following types of chronological research are provided: current, historical and evolutionary. When it comes to the evolution of the horizontal structure we understand the form of development, consisting of quantitative changes that will continue uninterrupted and lead to quality changes. For example, if we study the landscape structure of the present delta of the Amudarya river its historic era until 1961 from 1961 to the present we must pay close attention to the evolution of qualitative changes in the future landscape structure.
Conclusion. The main types of landscape structures mentioned above (simple, fragmented, linear, high - local, etc.) are different from each other by the historical period, the present state and the evolutionary development. Alternatively, the landscape structures mentioned above may be local, regional or global. That is geostrategic paradigm, taking into account the hierarchical units of different sizes of the geo-system, is based on the study of the structure of the system. In the internal structure, based on the teachings of the geo-system. Because the structure is the attribute of each object, we will only gain knowledge of the system only after the geo-structure structure is investigated on a geostructorial paradigm. In short, the main purpose of a geostrategic paradigm is to prove that the structure of the object is a system that has its own structure.
References:
1. Kun T. Structure scientific revolution.- M.: Progress, 1977.- 300 p.
2. Solnsev V. Physical-geographical paradigm. Textbook. 1978.- P. 75-86.
3. Solnsev V. System organization landscape.- M.: Idea, 1981.- 240 p.
4. Sochova V. Definition of some concepts and vocabulary physical geography // Lecture. Sibir and Far East.- No. 3. 1981.-P. 50-59.
5. Sochova V. Introduction study in geosystem.- Novosibirsk: Science, 1978.- 320 p.
