CC BY
1
Usmanova R. docent
Karshi State University Uzbekistan Boymurodova Kh.B.
1st year doctoral student SamSU
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-TOURISM IN KITAB-SHAKHRISABZ CONCAVE SLOPE
Abstract. The article explains the geographical aspects of setting up agrotourism on the concave slope of Kitab-Shakhrisabz utilizing its natural resources. Concerns regarding the growth of mountain tourism, ecotourism, and other forms of tourism are emphasized, as is their significance in the organization of agrotourism in the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope. Geographical aspects of the organization of agro-tourist routes of the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope are revealed.
Key words: agrotourism, pilgrimage tourism, mountain tourism, ecotourism, farming, gastronomic, nature reserve, latitude station, dinosaur tracks.
Introduction. Tourism has a large scale in the economy of our country and plays an important role in improving people's lives. The state of tourism, its development prospects depend on the effective use of tourist resources involved in this field. The more the country is rich in various tourist resources, the easier it is to develop tourism. This industry occupies an important place in the economy of the country and is the reason for the formation of new promising types of services. In light of the significant spiritual, mental, and intellectual benefits of tourism, significant changes have recently been made to the way agrotourism destinations in our country's rural areas are organized and developed.
In the unique nature of Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope, which has different natural conditions and four seasons at the same time, it is important to study the features of agrotourism and their possibilities along with all types of tourism. The aim of the study is to describe the resources and objects of agrotourism in the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave and organize tourist routes. Maximizing tourism and recreation opportunities in the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope is one of the priority tasks.
The main part. At the beginning of the development of tourism, the number of tourists around the world was 2.5 million people (1950), according to the World Tourism Organization, in 2016, the number of tourists around the world exceeded 187 million, and the income from tourism was 1.4 trillion US dollars.
According to the World Tourism Organization, the number of international tourists is expected to reach 1.36 billion in 2020, and 1.8 billion in 2030.
The object of research is the Kitab-Shahrisabz concave slope and the mountains surrounding it in the north, northeast and southeast. According to their absolute height, there are low, medium and high mountains: Karatepa, Chakilkalon, Sumsar, Shertog, Tagimatmon, Hazrat Sultan, Osmantarosh, Beshnov and Chakchar. In the west, the Kitab-Shahrisabz basin slopes from east to west and adjoins the Karshi desert, but the border between these natural-geographical regions is not clearly defined on the topography. A complex landscape structure is characteristic for the Kitab-Shahrisabz slope and its surrounding areas. In the Kitab-Shahrisabz concave slope, the contrast features of the landscapes and the horizontal and height zoning are expressed in a relatively small area. Various regional types of landscapes are distributed in the area, which are important in the development of tourist recreation types (pictures 1-2).
Organization and development of agro, green, ethno, eco, farming, gastronomic, field yard tourism in the rural areas of our country, formation of services in tourism and its (eco, agro, historical, religious, extreme) sectors, development of tourism taking into account the potential of the regions fit for purpose. Kitab-Shakhrisabz basin attracts world tourists with its ancient architectural monuments and cultural masterpieces, as well as unique nature.
Agrotourism is a rural trip with a quiet and peaceful rest in nature, that is, a vacation with work in the countryside. Various forms of agrotourism have been formed in developed countries, and its organization is carried out with such types of tourism as ecotourism, sports tourism, and cultural tourism. Agrotourism has a history of about 200 years in Europe. Agrotourism association has actively developed in many European countries. Especially in countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Norway, Belarus, specific directions of development of agrotourism have been established. For example, in France, the first association
Figure 1. Mountain river waterfall in Zarmas. Figure 2. Kaynar village. Figure 3. Dinosaur tracks in the Bakhche stream
of agro-industrial tourists was established, and in Italy, the national association of agriculture and tourism appeared under the name "Agriturist".
Relaxation in the heart of nature and enjoying natural food play a big role in the active development of agrotourism. In the field of economy, agrotourism is formed as an opportunity to earn additional income, and all necessary amenities are created for agrotourists (use of modern devices such as the Internet, sometimes television, telephone, etc.).
Agrotourism is a type of travel organized using natural, cultural and local resources in rural areas [2; 159 pp.]. The rural areas of Kitab-Shakhrisabz have their own beautiful and unique nature, unique architectural monuments, holy places, national customs and unique traditions. These factors make it possible to develop the country's tourism industry, attracting residents of foreign countries.
Today, it is necessary to establish new agrotourism destinations in agrotourism. Tourists can enjoy the silence of village life, walking in the open air, field work, collecting vegetables, berries, natural greens, swimming in natural ponds, caring for domestic animals, eating fresh milk and meat, participating in folk games and entertainment, Kitab-Shakhrisabz intensive gardens and clusters were established on thousands of hectares in Kitab, Shahrisabz, Yakkabog, Kamashi districts for the organization and development of agrotourism. Enterprises for the processing of fruits grown in the regions, as well as refrigerators and drying facilities with the possibility of storage, have been established. In Kitob district of Kashkadarya region, it is appropriate to organize an agrotourism complex on the basis of the agro-industrial firm "Varganza" and organize such types of agrotourism, such as a trip to these gardens and familiarization with the process of product preparation, in which there are many pomegranate orchards and vineyards. The possibility of establishing such complexes is higher than districts such as Guzor, Chirakchi, Nishon, which are adjacent to the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope. In the agro-industry of Shahrisabz slope, picking of medicinal plants, nuts, hawthorn, pistachio fruits, beekeeping, silkworm breeding and other areas are widely formed. In addition, the existence of national craft center of international importance and religious tourism objects, archeological and architectural monuments of local importance in the Kitab-Shahrisabz basin creates an opportunity to organize several types of tourism together and effectively.
Figure 4. A. Ak saray Palace.B. Craftsman. C. Rider girls.
In Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope districts, there are opportunities to develop tourism villages and several directions of tourism (ecotourism, agrotourism, pilgrimage tourism, gastronomic tourism, ethnotourism) (Fig. 4). However, today, in order to achieve full and effective use of such an opportunity, it is necessary to research the factors of tourism in rural areas and develop the field of providing services to agro-tourists in these areas. However, in the rural areas of the Kitab-Shakhrisabz basin districts, there are great resources for the development of tourism destinations of religious, national, historical, cultural, natural and ecological character. In particular, in rural areas of the Kitab-Shakhrisabz slope, narrating, goat games, Uzbek folk singing art, and weddings serve as an important factor in the development of ethnotourism in these places. Tourists who come to the Kitab-Shakhrisabz concave slope can see various agro-landscapes, intensive gardens, different cultivated areas, rest areas, kitchens and teahouses, trade stalls, religious, historical, summer and winter sports (Fig. 4. C).
In the Kitab-Shahrisabz basin, handicrafts, mainly embroidery, are world-famous. Here, handicrafts are formed on the basis of handwork and natural dyes. In Kitab, Shahrisabz districts, embroidery, weaving (various types of bags, pockets, national clothes, etc.), in Chirakchi and Dehkanabad districts, woolen and leather weaving in a unique style (carpets, house equipment and equipment for horses, etc.) attract tourists with their prepared items (Fig. 4b). Tourists can participate in their preparation. Also, the tradition of hospitality here is one of the unique gifts of the villagers. For example, national teahouses of the villages of Chirakchi, Qamashi, Kitab, Shahrisabz, Guzor, Dehkhanabad districts have always attracted tourists. For example, it is interesting for everyone to participate in the preparation process and taste products made from tandoori meat, sheep and camel milk. After all, the rural areas of Kashkadarya region are famous not only in Uzbekistan but also in the world as the main object of unique gastronomic tourism.
In addition, for agro-tourists, tours can be organized in the following directions for the development of pilgrimage tourism in this area. In Shahrisabz, the "Ak Saray" complex (XIV century) (picture 4-A), the "Dorusaodat" and
"Dorutilovat" complexes (XIV century), in Kitab district the "Hazrati Beshir" mausoleum, and the "Khoja Imkon" mausoleum are objects which are important for the world. Tourists in Kitab-Shahrisabz concave slope can also get acquainted with many artifacts in the plains of Kashkadarya region. Examples: "Sultan Mir Khaidar" mausoleum (XII century), "Sardoba" water storage facility (XVI century) in Kaspi district, "Takhir and Zuhra" complex in Guzor district, "Hazrati Kusam ota" mausoleum (X century) and remains of the town "Yerkurgan" (9th century BC) in Koson district, "Kuk Gumbaz" mosque (16th century), "Khoja Jarroh" mausoleum (14th century), Kashkadarya bridge (16th century), medieval bathhouse (16th century) and others in the city of Karshi. In particular, there are historical and architectural monuments of the 12th-18th centuries, the remains of the town of "Yerkurgan" from the 9th-8th centuries BC, and the eastern bazaars, most of which have been renovated over the years and now attract foreign and domestic tourists is one of the attractive objects [3; 179 p., 4; P.69-71].
The Kitab latitude station named after Mirzo Ulugbek and many other historical places in the Kitab District attract travelers. In the mountainous part of Kashkadarya, in the Yakkabog Mountains, 3.5 km south of the village of Tashkurgan, there is a unique paleontological find, where there are clear paw prints of ancient giant lizards - dinosaurs, which lived approximately 140-150 million years ago during the Jurassic period (Fig. 3). Many traces of fossil fishes and insects belonging to the Jurassic period of Kitab geological reserve were found among the soft layered deposits [3; 179 p., 4; pp. 69-71]. In these areas, it is possible for travelers to travel to ancient times. In the mountainous part of the region, you can get acquainted with complex tourist facilities suitable for alpinism.
There are great prospects for the development of eco, shop and extreme types of tourism in the districts of Kashkadarya region. It is necessary to develop non-traditional types of agriculture, to provide information to the visiting tourists about the processes of beekeeping, silkworm rearing, orchards, poly products and other specific agricultural products of the region and the processes of preparing food from them. Also, it is desirable to design works that will bring additional income to the country's economy by renovating ancient historical monuments and shrines in the district, developing historical and religious tourism, restoring health, developing ecotourism in the mountains with unique plants and animals.
In conclusion, in order to increase the number of tourists, in addition to food and accommodation, it is necessary to invite tourists to familiarize themselves with folklore, participate in traditional holidays and festivals. Therefore, rural tourism is not just a trip to the suburbs, but also provides an opportunity to visit other countries and get acquainted with the lifestyle of other peoples. The development of agrotourism allows solving the following problems in rural areas: creating additional jobs, improving the standard of living in rural areas through the development of service industries and transport infrastructure, creating an additional market for agricultural products, etc. In this regard, it was decided to
establish "Tourism Neighborhood", "Tourism Village", "Tourism Farm" in rural areas with the highest tourism potential. Therefore, it is possible to develop local and international tourism in the country based on the effective use of tourist opportunities in rural areas. Summarizing the above, it should be noted that in Kashkadarya region, along with wide use of agro and ecotourism opportunities, it is possible to develop tourism infrastructure in the regions, taking into account recreation and health restoration of the population.
References:
1. Махмудов М., Махкамов Э., К,одирова Х. Агротуризм - худудни ривожлантиришнинг мухим омил сифатида./ «Олий таълим тизимида табиий фанлар: илмий тадкикот, укитиш ва малака ошириш муаммолари» мавзусидаги республика илмий-амалий конф. мат. ФарFOна-2018 159-160 б.
2. Усманова Р. Рекреацион география. Монография К,арши. 2015. 179 б.
3.Усманова Р. Роль природных факторов в развитии рекреации в бассейне реки Кашкадарьи Материалы международного научного-теор. конф. «Туризм и экономика», посвященной Году поддержки и развития туризм в Кыргызстане. 0ш-2001. С. 69-71
4. Усманова Р., Боймуродова Х. Агротуризмни ривожлантиришнинг географик жихатлари (К,ашкадарё вилояти мисолида) // Вестник Аграрной Науки Узбекистана № 6 (6) 2022.143-147 б.
5. Safarov I. B. Geographical features of pilgrimage tourism (in the case of Kashkadarya region) //Экономика и социум. - 2023. - №. 2 (105). - С. 321324.
6. Safarov I. B., Rasulov F. I. PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PILGRIMAGE TOURISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KOSON DISTRICT) //Educational Research in Universal Sciences. - 2023. - Т. 2. - №. 4. - С. 189191.
7. Abdullayev S. I., Murtazayev B. C. Ziyorat turizmi va sakral geografiyaning vazifalari //УЗБЕКИСТОН ГЕОГРАФИЯ ЖАМИЯТИ Х СЪЕЗДИ МАТЕРИАЛЛАРИ (Тошкент шахри, 2019 йил 6-7 декабрь. 22-24б
8. Safarov I. B., Toshquvvatov I. T. RECREATIONAL AND TOURISTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF UZBEKISTAN'S MOUNTAINS // Экономика и социум. - 2023. - №.11(114). - С. 303-312.
9. Абдуллаев С. И., Муртазаев Б. Ч., Назаров М. Г. THE NATURAL POTEHTIAL OF THE LANDSCAPE //Life Sciences and Agriculture. - 2021. -№. 1. - С. 135-140
10. Муртазаев Б. Ч. К вопросу изучения физико-географических процессов Юго-Западного Гиссарского хребта на примере Яккабогского лесничества //Экономика и социум. - 2022. - №. 11-2 (102). - С. 518-529.
11. Сафаров И. Б., Халилов Н. Х. ЭКОНОМИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ВЕРХНЕ-КАШКАДАРЬИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ //Educational Research in Universal Sciences. - 2024. - Т. 3. - №. 2. - С. 707-713.
12. Safarov I. B., Omonullayev O. H. HAZRATI BASHIR QISHLOG'INING ZIYORAT TURIZIMI //Educational Research in Universal Sciences. - 2024. -Т. 3. - №. 4 SPECIAL. - С. 193-196.
13. Усманова Р.Оптимизация использования туристических ресурсов Кашкадарьинской области // Узбекистонни топ ун туристик худудлар каторига киритиш истикболлари: баркарор ривожланиш имкониятлари" мавзусидаги халкаро онлайн илмий-амалий анжуман материаллари туплами Бухоро-2020 йил 11-12 декабрь. 133-135 б.
14. Усманова Р., Бердикулова М.Т. ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ С. 97-100
15. Усманова Р. МАТЕРИАЛЫ VIII Международной научно-практической конференции «СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СФЕРЫ ТУРИЗМА» 29-30 ноября, 2019 г., г. Алматы, Казахстан
16. Usmanova R. MATERIALS OF VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference "CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM SPHERE" November 29-30, 2019, Almaty, Kazakhstan Алматы, 2019
17. Усманова Р. Problems of developing ecotourism in Kashkadarya region // Международная конференция «Прикладная экология и устойчивое развитие». Тошкент-2006. 243-245 б.
