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hbsшqnsшiiшb ibbyipribrnt: 2018-2020 pp. un^npbi t Texas A&M hшúш[шшpшb^ Uqpnpfrqbbufr Иш-q^usp^s^p^jmJ: puius4b[ t swppbp
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ORCID 0000-0003-22266435
DOI: 10.52174/2579-2989 2022.1-52
С^^шршпЬр. шpsnbmpJmbbbp^ ßbrhшbpшg-Цшд U hшúшlp|шä hшtшiшpq (GSP+), шpsnbmpJmb, úшриш-ipnLpp, шu|pшbp, úpgmbшimpJmb
¿nq^änt fbbшpi^bl bb «Upsnbmpjmbbbp^ ßbrhшbpшg|шä U hшúшlp|шä hшúшiiшpqft (GSP+)» 2P2шbшiibbpnLÚ ЦЬЩЬ bU шu|pшbpbbpft шp-lpшhшbúшb qnpäßbpшgß, GSP+ 2шhшnm ГШПЬШ-ini bшfrlшu|ШJÚшbbbpß, 2022 p. hnib^pfig шpsn-bnipjnibbbpfig qpi^b¿ni hfttpbpß U rpш hbsUшbf-bbpß: Upsnbmpjmbbbp^ ^^pntß hftlЛlшiiш-brnt Цшqrfi шцпи^Ь^ фшJlшp^pbqp, ^^Цп^ш^ hшqnшstl u|шpшqшbbp^, tybpntnifiprbbft, fybpMib-Sшg|шä fuirfijpbbpft U шpsшrpшsb-
шшiibbpft шpsшhшbúшb фш: GSP+ шpsnbmpJmb-bbpftg qpi^biß iihшbqbgbft цЬщ^ bU шpsшhшbúшb äш^шlbbp^ iip6шsúшbß' 1рфш[ шu|pшbpшfrlúpft qänl Ц^шп^пц bnp úшpшшsnLppbpft U bU 2тЦш-jrnt ШJr шu|pшbpшsbшшф qbшJ^b tlшшshimPJшb шфт[: Ujb шu|pшbpbbpß, npnbf шpsшhшb|mú bb bU, npшiiшiiшb шпп^п! úpgmbшi bb, /luii qbшJ^b lpbшшbiiJnLbftg, úpgmbшimpJшb шЬЦП^ hbшpш-inp iiifibft йЪцЛц äшfrlшbpft lpbsbшúшb U шpsшr-pnqшiшbmpJшb шб^ hш2фb:
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pmuhuhrndQ lupUnp ^ш^ш^^пЛ nL^h !«JnLpш£шhynLp hpl|ph rnhrnhunLpjuh hu-dup: pLurnh ^^^pnLpjnLhhhph ^gU T-h^whwqhsni.-pjuh U upmuph^ hh^шlшh qnp-
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lhp ÖqmmJ t hp w^puhphhph hшJшp шпш^ ш^п-^Q^^nm drnrnp u^uhn^h T-h^h ШЛ. hplphhph 2П11Ш-hhp: <hhg ujt Ьщштш1п4 t[ l^f^Ld hh шqшш unUrn-pujhti hmJmÖmjhmqphp, ÖUu^np^nLd h^shqpmghnh
^m^nprn^bp L ^n^m^mpdmpmp |mJ ^m|n^Jmhhnpbh qnp&nid mnLsph mp-snhjmL nbdh^bp:
bU-h <mjmusmhhh' np^bu qmpqmgn^ bp|ph ^m|n^Jmhhnpbh mpmJm^pb[ tp mpsnhjmL mnLspmjhh ^mjJmhhbp, nph mpnjni.hpnLJ 2014-2020 pp.-hh «-hh hhm-pm^npnLpjnLh tp sp^b hmj|m|mh Smq-Jmh 2nLp2 6200 m^pmhf mpsmhmhb|nL bU «UpsnhnLpjnLhhbph ph^hmhpmg^mS L hmdmLp^mS hmJm|mpqh» (GSP+) hbpfn, qpnjm|mh |mJ h^mqbg^mS Jmfum-smpfn^1: Um|mjh, 2022 p. hnih^mph 1-hh <mjmusmhp t GSP+-h 2p2mhm|-
hbpni.J n-b^h bU m^pmhfhbp mpsmhm-hbLm mpsnhni.pjni.hhg, fmhh np, pus <m-Jm2^mphmj^h pmh|h ^.mum|mpqJmh, 2017-2019 pp.-hh 3 smph mhph^.^2, hmjsh^b t ^2hhhg pmpSp b|mJnLs nihb-gn^ bp|phbph ^Jpnid: 2020 p.-hh, bpp <mJm2^mphmjhh pmh|p hpm^mpm|bg bp|phbph pus b|mJnLshbph 2019 p.-h ^.mum|mpqni.Jp, L <mjmusmhp ^mp5jm[ hmjsh^bg pmpdp b|mJsn^
bp|phbph ^Jpnid, ^bpghhhu, np^bu mh-gni.Jmjhh dmJmhm^mhms^mS, sp^bg smph (2021 p.), np^buqh sb^w|mti shsbum^mpn^hbpp |mpn^whmh ^ms-pmus^b mpsnhnLpjnLhhbphg qp|^bLnLh: <mjmusmhp u|ubL t oqs^b GSP+ mpsnhnLpjnLhhbphg 2009 p.-hg, nph hmJmp
hhJf bh hmh^humgbL Jmp^m L m2^m-smhfmjhh hpm^nLhfhbph, phmpjmh ^mh-^mhmpjmh L mp^jmhm^bs |mnm^mp-Jmh ^bpmpbpjmL «-h 27 ^gmq-
qmjhh hmJmSmjhmqpbph hpm|mhmgJmh phpmgfp (|mjmh qmpqmgJmh ^m^mhh2) L ^ngbLh^pjmh ^m^mhh2hbphh hmJm-^msmu^mhmpjmhp: 4bp2hhu hbpmnmJ t 3 £w^whh2. mnmghh' <mJm2^mphmjhh pmh|h bpL|hpp ^bsf t ^mum-
|mpq^m& Lhhh np^bu ^2hhhg gmSp b|m-Jms mhbgn^, bp|pnp^ GSP+ 2mhmnnL bp|phg GSP+ 6m6|mjph hbpfn bU hbp-JnL&Jmh 3 smp^m ^2hhp £^bsf t qb-pmqmhgh GSP+ 2mhmnnL pnLnp bp|phb-phg hbpJnL&Jmh 6.5%-p, bppnp^ s^jmL bp|phg GSP+ 6m6|mjph hbpfn bU hbpJnL&Jmh 75%-p ^bsf t |bhspnhmgmS Lhhh GSP+ 6m6|mjph ph^m^hp 7 ^n2np m^pmhpm^JpbpmJ2, mjuhhfh mpsmhm-hmJp ^bsf t Lhhh n£ pmqJmqmhbg^mS: Pmgh «-hg, bU GSP+ 2mhmnnL bh H.p^pq-usmhp, HLqpb|urnmhp, ^m|husmhp, Unh-^nLhmh, Cph Lmh|mh, PnLh^hmh L Mmpn 4bp^bh; Ch^hmhmp mnJmJp, GSP mp-snhmpjmhhbp spmJm^pmJ bh Ll bU-h, L 2ms mjL qmpqmgmS bp|phbp, ophhm|' UUL-h, Mmhm^mh, C^bjgmphmh, Lnp^b-qhmh L mjLh: 2mpqmgm6 bp|phbph ^g qmpqmgn^ npn2 bp|phbphg 6mqn^ m^pmhfhbphh ^m|n^Jmhhnpbh sp^n^
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qnpdQh^bp bp^phbp^ mbuw^wpwp lf2hnD ^^ mpmmhmhJmh 2019-2020 pp., %3
« t|nhn^|mjh hw^wpwpnLpjmh, https://www.mineconomy.am/page/790
The EU's Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP), https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/august/tradoc_153732.pdf
Mwqd^bL t ^ ^^ m^jmLhbph hhJmh ^pm, https://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99526913.pdf
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mpmnlnLpjnillbpp hh^lnid bl UnUm-ph hmdm2^mphmjhl lmqdmlbp^ni.pjmti (U<M) Umlmqlbph U mnUmph qi^m^np hmdmömjlmqph (GATT) ^.pnijplbph ^p^6: bU-l «-h hwdwp ^n2np mnUmpmjhl qnpöpllbp t, nphl 2020 p.-hl pmdhl t pllb « mpmmhmldml 2mp2 17%-p, hul| ^i|6qtimdmdmjhti 2019 p.-hl 22%-p (qöm^mmlbp 1):
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hmdmömjl 2019 p.-hl «-hg IbpdnLÖni.-dp Imq^L t 406 J[l b^pn7, GSP lh6m-ImqpnLpjml hmdmömjl 335.7 d|l bipn, nph qbpml2h^ dwup' 59%-p, Ibpdmö^bL t GSP+ wpmnlnLpjnillbph 2p2wlwlmd: <mmlm^bu 2019 p.-hl <mjmummlp pm-imlml mp^jmlmlbm Ibp^n^ t oqsm-qnpöb[ GSP+-h mpmnlmpJmllbpp, m^m-hnlb|nl 97.9% oqmmqnpödml dmlmp-^ml8: ^öm^mmlbp 2-ni.d mnmlb dml-
4 Liuiqi^L t hbqhlmlp' bU GSP i^w2isnlwlwl Ih^wlwqpnLpjwl hhdml ipm: GSP IhöuiluiqpnLpjnLlp ibprnnnid t i^iwjl bU" 2^lm IbpdnLÖiJn^, uijuhlfl bU-ni.d mqmm 2p2wluinnLpjuil hmdmp pnqwplluiö wi^puilplbpp: GSP-h lf)6wlw-qpmpjmlp ^h ibpuinnid bU uij[_ IbpdnLÖnLi^bpp, h^i^huhf bl lbpdmö^nq_ wi^puilplbpp dmfumjhl lbpuid2wlduili plpmgmlmpqh ibpfn lmd IbpuilbpdnLÖnLdp dmfumjhl lbpuid2wlduil plpmgmlmpqhg hbmn, https://trade.ec.europa. eu/doclib/docs/2020/february/tradoc_158640.pdf
5 Liwqi^[_ t hbqhlmlp' ICT Trade map mi^jui[lbph hhdml ipm:
6 WTO https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/dev_special_differential_provisions_e.htm
7 Eurostat, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/EXT_LT_MAINEU/default/table?lang=en&category=ext_go_agg.ext_go_l ti.ext_go_lti_ext
8 European Union https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2020/february/tradoc_158640.pdf
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mpmmhmhmJQ, 2019-2020 pp., Jib b^pn9
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ULl uhuiuii^uhp (^bpiuin[Jipi"|.bb) 125.6 76.3 2.7 0
Ll[jniu|i'ii II i"|.pujb|ig |iphp 59.9 54.7 7.5 0
Sp|il^nuiujdb hujq.nLLiui II hui:puuui|i
LL|LLi|iujqjuAibp. puh".i|i uh^huuijuil|uiu LjiuJ 67.7 54 10.5-12 0
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pmJmul lbp|mjmglmö bl GSP+-h lbpfn «-^g lbpJniMml gni.gmlh2lbpQ:
«-^g mpmmhmlmJQ rçb^h bU' hum-|m^bu m6bL t 2014 p.-hg h ibp (qöm-^mm|bp 3), bpp <mjmummlQ rç.wpÔb[ t GSP+-h 2mhmnm. mprçjnLlfnLJ, 2014 p.-hl, 2013 p.-h hm^Jmm, mpmmhm^m^ m6b[ t ^mlqm^g 21%-nl Pmgh «mlmlrçw-|ml» hmlfmljmphg, nph mpmmhmlmJQ qbpm^2^b[ t pb GSP+ 2mhmnni. ^mnbm-[mg mnmg, pbt rçpmlhg hbmn, hh^m|m-lni.J m^bLmgb[ t mjl m^pmlflbph mp-rnmhm^mJp, npnlf blpm|m thl mjrç. mp-mntinLpjnLtitibphti: 2020 p.-hl «-l bU' t mpsmhmlbL 380.3 J[! b^pnjh m^pmlf, nph 2nLp2 39%-q1 ^^löh, ghlllh, JnLhpT-blh hmlfmfmp U ^mmljmp: ^bmf t l2b[, um|mjl, np mju m^pmlfm^mJpp GSP+-h 2p2mlm|lbpmJ qnpôn^ mpmnlmpjmllb-phl blpm|m ^t, mush, H-pmlg rç.mrç.mpbg-Jml hbsUmlfnl qnlb mju m^pmlfm-^Jph mpsmhmlJml |p6mmmJ ^h u^mu-lni.J: «-hg ^b^h b^ mpmmhml^nn. hhJ-lm|ml m^pmlf mrnbum|lbpp lbp|m-jmg^mô bl mrçjni.um| 1-ni.J:
<w2nprç. ^n2np m^pmlfm^mJpl w|jnL-^wj|wphpbrçl t, nph mpmmhmlmJp ^mpÖjm[ pmqJmqmlbglmô ^t. 2020 p.-hl ^bp2hlhu 66%-l mpmmhml^b[ t bU", 34%-q1 UUL GSP+ mpmnlmpjmllbph
2p2mlm|mJ m[jm^lh ^wj|wphpbrçl mp-mmhml^^J tp qpnjm|ml Jmpummmp-fnl, hu| mjdJ mprçbl rç.pm l|msJmJp Ihpmn^bLm t 7,5% Jmfummmpf: <m2^h mnlb[n4, np 2021 p. hn|mbJpbphl UU^-h ^2mqqmjhl mnUmph hmlölmdn^n^p npn2mJ" t «-hg U ^ 2mpf mjL
bp|plbphg lbpJnLÔ^nrç. m[jm^lh ^mj[m-phpb^h l|wmJwJp hw|wqlwqgJwl Jmf-umrnrnpf |hpm^b[, hbrnUmpmp1 ^mumm-ghnpbl mlhlmphl t ^mnlmJ uu^-q np-^bu m[jm^lh ^mj[mphpb^h mjLQls-pmlfmjhl 2m|m ^hmmp|b[Q, fmlh np
«-hg lbpJmö^n^. m[jm^lh ^mj[mph-pb^h l|msJmJp umhJml^b[ t 2ms m^b-Lh pmpöp1 29,11% hm|mqlmgJml Jmfum-rnrnpf, fml lbp|mjhu bU' Jmfummmpfl t: Uju^hun^' ^ b^, Jjmu
U^L JmfummmpfbpQ pmgmumpmp bl mq^bLm mLjm^lh ^mjLmphpb^h mpsm-hmlJml ^pm:
GSP+ mpmnlmpjmllbphg qpl^bLQ pm-gmum|ml ml^pm^mpö |mlblm lmU mphlnmmdb hmqmumh ^mpmqmlbph 4pm: hl^bu 4.bpnl2jmL m^pmlfm^Jpb-ph, mjl^bu tL rnphlnrnmdb hmqmurn^ ^mpmqmlbph ^b^fmJ mpsmhmlJml 2m|ml pmqJmqmlbg4.mö ^t: 2020 p.-hl l2jmL m^pmlfm^Jph n^2 mpsmhml-Jml 66%-q pmdhl t Ql|bL b^-hl, 33%-q'
9 Mmq^L t hb^hlmlQ" qus ICT Trade map m^jWLlbph, «REGULATIONS REGULATION (EU) No 978/2012 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2012 applying a scheme of generalised tariff preferences and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 732/2008» IX hm^bL^môh, «Corrigendum to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 of 12 October 2021 amending Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff» i^wurnwpqpbph: *10 Uqqbph wnwi^bL pwpbli^wurnnLpjwl nbdhJn^ qnpônq^ JwpuwmnLpp, nph lbpfn wjunlhbrn lbpJnLÖlJbLnL bl « wi^pwlf-
lbpQ. mjl^bu, hl^^bu mpmnlmpjmllbphg ^oqm^n^ Jjmu bplplbph ^b^fmJ t: " USITC, https://www.usitc.gov/press_room/news_release/2021/er1019ll1834.htm
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RR-hl: Lw^lhlnid mju m^pmlpm^dph ^ö dmuh ipm Ihpmn^n^ qpnjmlml dmf-umrnmpph ^n^mpbl mjdd lhpmn^b[m t 10.5-12% dmpumrnmpp, npp lnijl^bu pmgmumlml mq^bgmpjml t qnpöb|nL qlmjhl dpgni.lmlni.pjml ipm:
GSP+ mpmnlmpjmllbph blpmlm hm-2np^' ^bp^lmmg^wö ^^plbph U ö^m-^nmh mpmm^pmmbumllbph m^pmlpm-^dpbpp, npnlf pbU mpmmhmldml mp-dbfnl mlhm^dmm ^npp bl, 2014 p.-hg ^l^U 2020 p.-p m^mhn^b[ bl mprnm-hmldml m^b[h fml lpllmlh m6: Rpmlf lnijl^bu mprnmhml^bL bl qpnjmlml dmpumrnmppnl, umlmjl mjdd mnmgh^h ipm qnpöb|nL t 6.8%, bplpnp^h ipm' 1057.6% dmpumrnmpp:
ibp^lmmg^mö ^^plbph mprnm-hmldml 77%-p 2020 p.-hl pmdhl t pllb[ RR, 15%-p' bU 2^lmjhl, pmgh mj^, 8%-h ^m^nl mprnmhml^bL t mj[ bplplbp, mj-uhlfl bU-h ^n^mpbl mjLplrnpmlfmjhl 2^lmlbph hmpgnid lbpmln^^npn2lb|nL hlmpmlnpmpjmllbpl mju m^pmlfmrnb-umlh ^b^fmd ^ö bl:
h mmppbpmpjml lbpnl2jmL m^pml-fm^dpbph, ö^m^nmh mprnm^pmrnbuml-lbph mpmmhmlmdp n^ ^mjl pmqdmqm-lbglmö t, mj|U bU pmdhll mlhm^dmm m^b[h ^nfp t. 2020 p.-hl pl^m^lp 0.6%: Ö^m^nm mnmlb|w^bu mprnm-hml^md t hpmf, mjlmhbmU Uhphm, UUt, RR, 4pmumml U ^ 2mpf mj[ bplplbp: <brnUmpmp' immmqmjl mmppbpmlmd, bpb pmpöp dmfummmpfbph ^mm6mnnl
n Berlin Economics, https://berlin-economics.com/en/
bU 2^lml ^mnlm mlhmumlb|h, m^m ^b^h mjL bplplbp lbpmln^^npn2^dp hlmpmlnpmpjml lmm ^n^hmrnmgb[m bU ^m^mpmdlh lnprnurnp:
Uju^hunl' GSP+ mpmnlmpjmllbphg qpllbLp Ihmlqbglh T-b^h bU mpmmhml-dml öwlw|lbph lp6mmdmlp, hul pb nppml Im^lmö lih^h sljm[ m^pml-fm^dph hmdmp Ihpmn^n^ lnp dmfum-mmpfbphg U bU 2^lmjmd mj^ m^pml-fmmbumlh qlmjhl tl.mumhlni.pjni.lhg: Berlin Economics-h lml^mmbunL^bpnl GSP+ mpmnlmpjmllbphg qpllb|nL hb-mUmlfnl ^b^h bU mpmmhmlmdp llp6mmlh 20%-nl'2, pl^ npnid, lmp6m-dmdlbm mq^bgmpjmll mnmlb ^ö l|_h-lh m|jnL^lh ^mj[mphpb^h, rnphlnrnm-db hmqmumh ^mpmqmlbph U $bpndn-Lhp^blh, hul bplmpmdmdlbmpi lnp mp-rnmhml^n^ m^pmlpmrnbumllbph ipm: Ujl m^pmlflbpp, npnlf mpmmhml^md bl bU, npmlmlml mnmdn^ dpgmlml bl, hul qlmjhl mnmdnl, dpgmlmlmpjml ml-lmdp hlmpm^np l|_hlh öm^ubph
mlmbudml U mpmm^pn^mlmlmpjml m6h hm2lhl: ^mnmlmpmpjmlp lmpn^ t npn2mlh qnpöhfmlmqd lhpmnb[ mpmn-lmpjmllbphg qpllb|nL hbrnUmlfn^ mm-dmö pllbpmpjmllbph llmrndmdp' plpm-ghl npn2 öm^ubph umpuh^m^npdml lmd mpmm^pn^mlmlmpjml pmpöpmgdml l^mmmlnl rnb^ln[nqhmlml ibpmqhl-dml, m2^mmmlmq^ ibpm^mmpmum-dml hmdmp:
1. « tlnln^lmjh lm^mpmpmpjml, https://www.mineconomy.am/page/790
2. « rnljw|tibph hhdml ipm, https://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99526913.pdf
3. Berlin Economics, https://berlin-economics.com/ en/
4. Corrigendum to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1832 of 12 October 2021 amending Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 on the tariff and statistical
nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff.
5. Eurostat, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrows-er/view/EXT_LT_MAINEU/default/table?lang=en&-category=ext_go_agg.ext_go_lti.ext_go_lti_ext
6. European Union, https://trade.ec.europa.eu/ doclib/docs/2020/february/tradoc_158640.pdf
7. ICT Trade map, https://www.trademap.org/Index. aspx
8. The EU's Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP), https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/
docs/2015/august/tradoc_153732.pdf 9. REGULATIONS REGULATION (EU) No 978/2012 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 October 2012 applying a scheme of generalised tariff preferences and repealing Council Regulation
(EC), No 732/2008, IX Annex.
10. USITC, https://www.usitc.gov/press_room/news_ release/2021/er1019ll1834.htm
11. WTO, https://www.wto.org/engNsh/tratop_e/de-vel_e/dev_special_differential_provisions_e.htm
АРМЕНИЯ И МИР
Рузанна ТАДЕВОСЯН
Младший исследователь исследовательского центра «Амберд»,
аспирант, АГЭУ
ВСЕОБЩАЯ СИСТЕМА ПРЕФЕРЕНЦИИ ПЛЮС (GSP+) И АРМЕНИЯ
В статье рассматривается экспорт армянских товаров в ЕС в рамках «Всеобщей схемы преференций (GSP+)», предпосылки для того, чтобы стать бенефициаром ВСП+, основания для прекращения действия преференций с января 2022 года и его последствия. Прекращения преференций в основном коснется экспорта алюминиевой фольги, трикотажных изделий, ферромолибдена, ферментированных напитков и табачных изделий. Лишение привилегий GSP+ приведет к сокращению экспорта ЕС в размере новых тарифов и ценовой эластичности этого конкретного продукта на рынке ЕС. Продукция, экспортируемая в ЕС, конкурентоспособна с точки зрения качества, и снижение ценовой конкурентоспособности можно смягчить за счет экономии затрат и роста производительности.
Ключевые слова: Всеобщая Система Преференций Плюс (GSP+), льгота, тариф, товар, конкурентоспособность
Ruzanna TADEVOSYAN
Junior researcher at «Amberd» Research Center, PhD student, ASUE
ARMENIA AND WORLD
GENERALISED SCHEME OF PREFERENCES PLUS (GSP+) AND ARMENIA
The paper discusses the export of Armenian goods to the EU within the framework of the «Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP +)», the preconditions for becoming a beneficiary of GSP +, the grounds for the graduation of preferences from January 2022, and its consequences. The graduation of the preferences will mainly affect the export of aluminum foil, knitted garments, ferromolybdenum, fermented beverages and tobacco products. The deprivation of GSP + privileges will lead to exports reduction in the EU in the extent of new tariffs and the price elasticity size of that specific product in the EU market. The products that are exported to the EU are competitive in terms of quality, and the decline in price competitiveness can be mitigated by cost savings and productivity growth.
Keywords: Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+), privilege, tariff, product,
competitiveness
