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23ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
GENDER ATTRIBUTES OF NARRATORS IN FOLKLORIC TEXTS
Abduvahabova M.A.
Abduvahabova Mahina Azatovna - PhD, Associate Professor, DEPARTMENT OF THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, ENGLISH LANGUAGES FACULTY 2, UZBEK STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: for many years, the use of the term "discourse" in textual research has become a tradition. Research on language and discourse relations is becoming as popular as research on language and gender relations. However, the analysis of feminist and masculine discourse in linguistics is still a minority for political and social reasons. This article examines the style of the English, Italian and Uzbek folklore texts through concepts of "men" and "women", their nominative-conceptual structure. Undoubtedly, folklore texts are passed colloquially through words, they have neither narrator nor writer, so different folklore texts have been analyzed according to the gender of collectors of the three nations.
Keywords: gender, discourse analysis, folkloric texts, concept, cognitive linguistics, cognitive-associative zones.
In this research we explored the style of male and female folklore text through various stylistic means. As a research method, we used the discourse analysis proposed by S. Mills [1] and as well as gender concepts are explored by means of structural method proposed by G.G. Slishkin [2]. When we statistically analyzed the folklore texts of about one hundred and fifty men collectors and fifty women collectors of the English, Italian and Uzbek cultures, the study found that in the folklore texts narrated by male narrators, the male heroes were mostly protagonists (in 43% of English masculine texts, 46% of Italian masculine texts, 40% of Uzbek masculine texts). In folklore texts recorded from the speeches of female narrators, male heroes are portrayed as weak and passive individuals. This is because female "authors" automatically push female heroines to the forefront. Among positive qualities of male heroes more emphasis is given to courage, generosity and luck (19% of English masculine texts, 22% of Italian folklore texts and 11% of Uzbek masculine texts).
However, among the negative qualities, only the tyranny and infantilism in comic folkloric texts, which occur only in masculine texts, were criticized more (4% of English masculine folklorists, 16% of Italian folklorists and 43% of Uzbek folklore texts). The female protagonists are passive in the masculine folkloric texts, and their popular role is "housewife": 53% in English male texts, 44% in Italian masculine texts, and 53% in Uzbek masculine texts; 73% of Uzbek feminine texts. Even so, the female protagonists do not withhold their advice from members of the stronger sex and appear as a long-awaited reward. Also, 17% of British, 36% of Italian and 23% of Uzbek masculine narrators depict women as saviors and smarts. There are peculiar differences between men's and women's folkloric texts, men's discourse is ethical and political-economic in nature in compared languages: La cortesia che le bell'alme accende, costa talora acerbi affanni e pene; ma presto o tardi la virtu risplende, e quando men ci pens ail premio ottiene (The wisdom that fills loving hearts is sometimes achieved through hardship and suffering, and eventually a person comes to light. The less you think about it, the greater the reward); Эр цаерда булса, хотин уам уша ерда булади; Эрни бор циладиган уам хотин, йуц циладиган уам хотин (Where the husband is, the wife is there; the woman who creates the man can also destroy). Also, apagorezis (advice, counseling) is actively used in the men's verbal behavior: - Гар саломинг булмаганда каллангни сапчадай узардим. Ётиб есанг бу дунё уеч нарса булмайди (If you lie down, your hear will easily be cut down). Events reflected often tragically in male texts.
Men often refer to nature and environmental hypersemes in their texts [3]: Princess sang wonderful songs about the lake in the royal garden, on weeping willows staring to the fixed
surface, on goldfish moving in the water between the branches reflections. To sing, she has to see the trees, the lake, and the green shoots of rice in the fields. Rather, toponyms are active in masculine texts: Cantire, Greenock,Telltown, Oriel, Glenbroun, Abernethy, Kintraw, Lochgilphead; Канъон шаури, Авгон бог, Кустонтония ва Балх шаури, Тугдоц, Эрон, Турон, Фаранг, Афгон, Сирдарё, Куцон, Уратепа, Кррачириц, Ажам, Урганч, Кууицоф, Эрам, Кукрн, Маргилон, Наманган.
In our research, it was found that women's texts were less popular and few in number than men's texts. For example, English folklore texts narrated and written by women were 53: 7 more than men's, Italian folklore texts 50: 4, and Uzbek texts 53: 11. Therefore, in order to obtain objective results from practical analyzes, we selected texts narrated by women by at least one-third of the men's texts. Male protagonists can be found in texts of both sexes, but it was found that female protagonists did not participate at all in 26% of English, 20% of Italian, and finally 25% of Uzbek folklore texts narrated and collected by men.
Cognitive images with negative connotation, such as the "husband- sponger" and "fathers-passive" are found only in texts pertaining to women: Кароматхон чикса, Саломатхон экан. У хам кириб йиглаб юборди. Саломатхон хам ёмон ахволда колибдир, уни уам эри эри мол-мулкини еб, уриб уайдаб юборибди/ Отаси кейинги хотинининг гапига кирар экан;
In general, in the female texts discrimination against women by men occurs as a result of the intervention of a second (stepmother and step-sisters, cousins) and a third woman (cunning old women), because in texts the enemy of female protagonists is mostly their peers of the same sex (sisters, daughters-in-law or rivals). The protagonists are brutally punished, tortured and humiliated by them.
References
1. Mills S. (1995). Feminist stylistics. London: Routledge. P. 184.
2. Slyshkin G.G. (2004). 'Linguocultural concepts and metaconcepts'. Volgograd. P. 207.
3. Stepanov Yu.S. (1997). 'Constants: Dictionary of the Russian culture', Exploration research.
M.: Languages of the Russian culture. P. 824.
