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3FUNDAMENTALS OF FOSTERING A CULTURE OF HEALTHY AND SAFE LIFESTYLES FOR STUDENTS
The article discusses topical issues of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for participants in the educational process, including teachers. At the same time, the culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle is considered as the basis for the organization of safe life, protection and health promotion, which contributes to the prevention of diseases, the formation of a value attitude towards one's own health and the health of others, self-organization of one's own activities, communication, behavior and the possibility of self-realization. The article presents All-Russian and city events aimed at fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for participants in the educational process, the parameters for analyzing the system of activities of educational institutions used in the educational process, health-saving technologies, as well as the analyzed performance indicators of teachers.
Keywords
culture, healthy lifestyle, safety, upbringing, education
AUTHOR
Svetlana A. Kuptsova,
Associate Professor, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Saint-Peterburg, Russian kupsv@yandex.ru
1. Introduction
The 21st century has long come into its own, but schools, secondary vocational schools, and universities prepare graduates who are not always able to fit into the rapidly changing world around them. With the clear leadership of electronic information, gadgets and ever more acute health problems, many graduates find it difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing socio-economic situation. Today, one can observe a violation of socialization, self-realization, self-education, the loss of the unifying function of culture, which performs a regulatory function in activity and behavior.
The cost of education becomes extremely high, since it is directly related to the changing state of health of the subjects of the educational process.
In connection with this situation, the task of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for all participants in the educational process, as well as improving the professional competence of teachers in the field of preserving and strengthening the health of students, is very urgent.
2. Methodological Framework
The methodological grounds for the implementation of the presented task in the education system are as follows:
- fundamental theoretical provisions on the nature and development of the human psyche, developed in the works of L. I. Bozhovich, L. S. Vygotsky, A. V. Zaporozhets, A. N. Leontiev, A. R. Luria, S. L. Rubinstein, D. B. Elkonina and others;
- the main provisions of the cultural-historical approach (L. S. Vygotsky, V. V. Davydov., V. V. Rubtsov, V. I. Slobodchikov, G. Tsukerman and others);
the phenomenon of individual human health (N. M. Amosov, I. I. Brekhman, E. N. Weiner, E. M. Kazin, etc.);
- priority in the implementation of the preservation, strengthening and development of the health of students (pupils) are: axiological (O. S. Anisimov, M. V. Boguslavsky, etc.); anthropological (B. G. Ananiev, V. Frankl, V. A. Slastenin, B. M. Bim-Bad and others); environmental (S. V. Alekseev, I. K. Shalaev, V. Ya. Yasvin, V. I. Slobodchikov, S. V. Tarasov and others);
- system-activity approach - allowing to consider the preservation, strengthening and development of the child's health in the educational organization as a system, process and result (V. P. Bespalko, N. V. Kuzmina; V. I. Slobodchikov, etc.);
- competence-based approach (A. P. Tryapitsyna, O. E. Lebedev, I. A. Zimnyaya, S. G. Vershlovsky, etc.);
- a personality-oriented approach (L. S. Vygotsky, E. V. Bondarevskaya and others).
3. Results
In general, the issues of studying health, fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of participants in the educational process can be found in the works of G. L. Apanasenko, R. P. Baevsky, N. M. Amosov, V. A. Ananyev, M. M. Bezrukikh, V. P. Kaznacheeva, E. N. Vayner, I. V. Dubrovina, V. P. Bespalko, A. M. Prikhozhan, V. E. Tsibulnikova, E. A. Levanova, L. G. Tatarnikova and others.
The culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle is understood by most researchers as part of the general culture of human society, a program for organizing safe life, protecting and promoting health.
The culture of a healthy lifestyle contributes to the prevention of diseases, the formation of a value attitude towards one's own health and the health of others, self-organization of one's own activities, communication, behavior and the possibility of self-realization.
Considering the culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle in the context of maintaining, strengthening and developing the health of students, attention should be paid to the following:
- fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle - a system-forming type of teacher's activity, aimed at forming a value attitude to health in a certain type of educational environment;
- the culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle is characterized by inextricably interconnected main aspects - scientific, practical and organizational.
It should be noted that the professional activity of a teacher is health-consuming, and the teacher's lack of value attitudes towards his own health and the health of others determines the problem of developing a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for the teacher himself.
Therefore, in an educational institution, it is important to pay attention to the readiness of the teachers themselves to bring up a healthy and safe lifestyle among students. This readiness lies in understanding the essence of health, a healthy and safe lifestyle, in the presence of motivation for self-development.
In general, a teacher's health culture is understood as a system of knowledge and skills, a value-based attitude to health, emotional-volitional experience of a teacher, his readiness for practical health-saving activities aimed at the formation, preservation and strengthening of students' health (V. V.Sokorev, N. N. Malyarchuk, V. E. Tsibulnikova, E. A. Levanova).
In order to contribute to the upbringing of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of participants in the educational process, the teacher must be proficient in subject areas that perform an integrative function - psychology, pedagogy, and developmental physiology in accordance with the goal of education - the diversified development of the personality of students, including the formation of culture healthy and safe lifestyle.
Acquisition, actualization of psychology, pedagogy, and developmental physiology -knowledge is possible through the system of continuous professional pedagogical education, which contributes to an increase in psychological and pedagogical competence with the active use of the information component.
The core is teaching and upbringing methods aimed at activating the reserve capabilities of a person: art therapy methods, immersion method, audio-visual method, sound and light therapy, psychoregulation, etc. The use of these methods is possible only in the system of subject-subject interaction of a student and a teacher who activates the reserve capabilities of a person, contributing to the search for mechanisms of competent pedagogical influence on the personal development of a student.
In general, the teacher carries out informational interaction with his students. And the key concept here is the information interaction of people who owns himself. An indicator of this quality is, among other things, speech, communication skills, conflictological competence, stress resistance.
4. Discussions
To solve the problem of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for all participants in the educational process, as well as improving the professional competence of teachers in the development and implementation of programs aimed at preserving and promoting health in educational institutions of St. Petersburg, events are held at the All-Russian and city levels:
• functioning of the Coordination Council for the protection of life and health of children in educational institutions of St. Petersburg;
• development and implementation of a city program to involve children and adolescents in mass physical culture and sports;
• organization and conduct of the competition for schoolchildren in physical culture;
• improving the material and technical base of gyms and playgrounds in institutions for children and adolescents, increasing the number of additionally equipped gyms in educational institutions;
• city methodological association "Health at school";
• competitions "School of Health", "Teacher of Health";
• network research projects with the aim of researching the performance of educational organizations ("Monitoring health at school", "Information health technologies in the educational process", etc.);
• innovative educational institutions in the field of healthy lifestyles;
• study of the organization and results of the activities of Health Services in educational organizations, etc.
The analysis of the system of activities of educational institutions to foster a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of students is carried out according to the following parameters:
• a program to foster a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for students, the results of the practical implementation of the program or its stages;
• health service or center, health council, etc., its composition and local acts that determine its activities;
• monitoring the health of students, its complexity, taking into account the main indicators and methods of measuring health;
• physical education lessons (their analysis);
• motor regime of students in educational institutions;
• physical education in the system of additional education;
• sport competitions;
• work of special groups of physical education for weakened children;
• organizational, methodological, psychological and pedagogical support of the work of educational institutions;
• level of interaction with other educational institutions;
• implementation of the principle of public self-government;
• involvement of parents and their elected body in the activities of the educational institution;
• the level of interagency cooperation;
• international projects, etc.
The following health-creating technologies are used in educational institutions of St. Petersburg:
• medical and hygienic technologies (compliance with sanitary and hygienic conditions);
• aerofitomodule (green plants in the offices);
• organization of physical activity;
• compensatory-neutralizing (elements of art therapy);
• differentiated training;
• method of projects;
• gaming technologies;
• personality-oriented (anthropocentric) technologies;
• technologies of developing education;
• ecological;
• psychological and pedagogical (methods of psychotherapy, art therapy);
• educational (measures to foster a culture of health);
• social (social and psychological trainings aimed at adaptation and personal development);
• health-improving - (physiotherapy exercises, massage, etc.).
The work of teachers is analyzed according to the following indicators:
• creation of design, reflective seminars;
• information support through operational acquaintance with documents, programs, publications, books, etc .;
• organization of individual pedagogical research;
• creation by the teacher of "products" of pedagogical activity and their expertise;
• counseling by a teacher-psychologist;
• preparation of master classes, open lessons, analysis of lessons;
• participation in competitions, festivals, promotions, etc.
Also in St. Petersburg, conceptual models of schools are widely introduced: "Healthy School", "Safe School", "Environmental School (School of Environmental Culture)".
5. Conclusion
In general, fostering a culture of healthy and safe lifestyles can contribute to:
- creating a modern model of an educational institution that promotes the development of health and intellectual potential of students;
- further development of the system of training qualified teachers;
- overcoming the interdisciplinary, interagency and international disunity of scientists and practitioners working in this direction;
- involvement of the mass media (including Internet sources in the discussion on a scientific basis of the problems of fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, countering advertising of products, means that pose a risk to the life and health of all participants in the educational process).
6. Recommendations
This article can be recommended for bachelor and master students of full-time and part-time education, psychologists, teachers, educators and anyone interested in healthy and safe lifestyle issues.
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