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45FUNDAMENTALS OF EQUIPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
WITH OPTIMAL DEVICES
Boyqo'zi Xursanov Nodirbek Abdullaev
Fergana Polytechnic Institute
ABSTRACT
The article examines the scientific principles of equipping technological processes with the most optimal devices, factors that increase the efficiency and economy of processes and their role and importance in the creation of machines. The question of the relationship between the structure of the machine and the technological process and the properties of raw materials, the organization of the structural and parametric synthesis of the machine is shown.
Keywords: technological process, technological device, equipment system, raw material properties, machine structure, dependence of material properties, structural and parametric synthesis of the machine, efficiency, economy.
5320300 - Bachelor of "Technological machines and equipment" must have a broad engineering outlook. In addition, they must understand the scientific principles of equipping processes with technological devices, analyze and evaluate the technical and economic characteristics of devices, select the most optimal device, process efficiency and identify factors that increase efficiency, know ways to reduce energy consumption and product cost.
At present, there are large enterprises in our country, which produce a variety of substances: petroleum products, mineral fertilizers, sulfuric acid, plastics, cement, slate, masonry, lime, gypsum and other products. . During these processes, the internal composition of raw materials changes, the state of the aggregate changes. Chemical technological processes consist of various physicochemical processes in addition to chemical reactions: transfer of liquids and solids, crushing and sorting of solids, drying of wet materials, etc. [1,3,4].
Various technological machines and equipment are used to carry out the above processes. For example, machines for processing solid materials under the influence of mechanical force include various grinders and mills, sieves and sieves, mixers. Various furnaces, heaters and refrigerators are used to carry out heat exchange processes. , consists of a set of typical interconnected typical technological steps [1,2].
In order to carry out complex and multi-technological processes on the basis of a systematic approach, a technological scheme of devices is developed. The set and sum of successive actions performed to achieve the exact result forms a technological scheme. .
The question of the relationship between the structure of the machine and the technological process and the properties of raw materials is the structural and parametric synthesis of the machine. Specific modern aspects of the analysis of the technological process are the widespread use of constructive and technological interdependence, interdependence in the designed machines. In the technological process, the design and functional function of the machine are partly due to the fact that the labor processes are interconnected, resulting in the production of high quality products, the enterprise achieves high efficiency. It should be noted that the role of devices in technological processes is incompatible, the layout of equipment is violated, disregard for technological regulations, improper placement of workers,
Technological systems tin the selection of the thief, attention is paid to the interrelationship between the properties of the raw materials, the technical structures of the devices, the materials of the parts and components, as shown in Figures 1.2.
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Figure 1. Technologically complex scheme of growing gypsum in a small drying drum
1-dump truck; 2, 9 - bunkers; 3, 6, 13, 15, 19 - suppliers; 4,7 - crushers; 5, 8, 12 -conveyors and elevators; 10 - oven; 11 - drying drum; 14 - mill; 16 - smoke extractor; 17, 18 - dust collectors; 20 - elak.
The gypsum is lowered from the bunker 5 to the drying drum 4 by means of a supply 6 and a tannin 7, and its body is moved downwards as a result of its inclined position and rotation. Using drum bandages 3, the base rollers are mounted on 10, the gear 13 and the special drive are rotated. The natural gas supplied as fuel as a nozzle 8 is ignited in the furnace 9 and the resulting hot gases are moved in a satellite stream with the raw material inside the drum using a smoke extractor 2. The finished product comes to the unloading chamber 11 and from there it is unloaded using the auger 12.
The dusty gases coming out of the drum are cleaned using a cyclone 1 and released into the atmosphere using a special pipe[1,2].
Figure 2. Diagram of the technological set of the drying drum
Experience has shown that a lack of clear knowledge and study of the service function of machines and mechanisms, in turn, leads to a complicated design and excessive demands on their accuracy. This means that the cost of manufacturing and using machines and mechanisms is prohibitive.
Thus, the analysis of the technological process is one of the main issues related to the accuracy of the machine, the knowledge of the service function of the newly built machine and the development of specifications and technical conditions that ensure accuracy.
The machine is just like any other mechanism may perform its service function until it is pushed to the permissible position and accuracy specified for its working surfaces. In this case, the work surfaces must move in a given allowable setting limit, geometric shape and cleanliness in relation to other surfaces. One of the important issues in increasing the importance of machinery in the national economy and solving the problem of machine accuracy is the determination of the optimal amount of allowable deposits for each of the above indicators, depending on the service function of the machine.
Indeed, reducing the amount of allowable deposits relative to the parameters listed above, in turn, leads to the proper performance of the service function of the machine. Because these parameters describe the accuracy of the machine or its mechanisms. For example, increasing the accuracy of gear reducers, in turn, reduces the amount of deviation of the transmission ratio, reduces the work noise, and increases the efficiency. Improving the preparation and assembly accuracy of device engines reduces
fuel and lubrication consumption. Improving the accuracy of the machine increases the accuracy of the workpieces and reduces the cost of assembly, increasing the utilization factor of the machine [5].
The machine will have to move in a certain order to do a job. The motion of any machine or mechanism is derived from the motion of a person in the process of performing a particular task. For example, when a stitch needs to be sewn on a sewing machine, the needle of the machine must be in motion so that the stitch does not pierce the fabric and the stitch does not remain under the needle. Another example is the automatic loom, in which the back and body yarns are woven together to form a fabric, which must be in constant motion.
Yuit is not difficult to see from the examples given above that there is a similarity between the performance of the two different products and the movement of the raw material and the movement of the machine.
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