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described in terms of its semantic components, which help to define different lexical relations, grammatical and syntactic processes. The semantic structure of a lexeme is treated as a system of meanings. To some extent we can define a lexeme by telling what set it belongs to and how it differs from other members of the same set. Some obvious sets of this sort are sports (tennis, badminton, soccer, golf, basketball,...), colors (red, blue, yellow, green, pink, ...) and creative writing (novel, poem, short story, essay, biography,...). It is not difficult to say what the members of each set have in common. Used Literature:
1. Crystal, David. 1987. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 104 p
2. Finegan, Edward. 2004. Language. Its Structure and Use. 4th ed. United States of America: Thomson Wadsworth, 181-182 pp.
3. Lyons, John. 1995. Linguistic semantics: An introduction. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1408 p.; Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Semantics. Harmondsworth: Penguin Ltd, 89 p
4. Даниева М.Дж. Монография: Когнитивные особенности субстантивных словосочетаний в английском языке. - Riga: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; SIA OmniScriptum Publishing., 2018. - 65 p.
© Бакирова Ш., 2023
УДК: 80. 801. 3310
Egamuratova M.N.
2 nd-year student of University of economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan Scientific supervisor: Kiyamova M.S.,
Associate professor of the University of economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITIONS
Abstract
The article deals with the problems of prepositions which is important in the structure of sentences. Every simple sentence - every proposition - has one predicate and a varying number of referring expressions, or arguments. Different predicates: verbs, adjectives, prepositions can be described according to the number of referring expressions, or arguments, that can occur with them and the roles these arguments have. The study about the functional and semantic analysis of prepositions is necessary to be learned in this case.
Keywords
Grammar, preposition, grammatical function, structure of the sentence, unit, relationships between the words.
Эгамуратова М.Н.
студентка 2 курса Университета экономики и педагогики, г. Карши, Узбекистан Научный руководитель: Киямова М.С.,
Доцент Университета Экономики и педагогики,
г. Карши, Узбекистан
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРЕДЛОГОВ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются проблемы предлогов, которые важны в структуре предложений. Каждое простое предложение — каждое предложение — имеет один предикат и различное количество референтных выражений или аргументов. Различные предикаты: глаголы, прилагательные, предлоги могут быть описаны в соответствии с количеством референтных выражений или аргументов, которые могут встречаться с ними, и ролью этих аргументов. В этом случае необходимо изучить важность функционально-семантического анализа предлогов.
Ключевые слова
Грамматика, предлог, грамматическая функция, структура предложения, единица, отношения между словами.
A preposition is a word that is put before another word. Therefore, it should not be used to end a sentence. The three senses of the word word are not equally important. In our linguistic studies it is only the lexemes and syntactic words that have to be taken into consideration, and orthographic words are irrelevant. Lexemes can be likened to types, syntactic words to tokens, i.e. particular instances of the abstract types. Lexemes (and their inflected variants, the syntactic words) belong to different syntactic categories (= word classes, parts of speech).
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions are content words, others, e.g. conjunctions, pronouns, auxiliaries are function words. Traditional grammarians tried to define the syntactic categories of lexemes on the basis of meaning. (Just to remind you, e.g. a noun was said to be "the name of a person, place or thing", which, however, is blatantly false in the case of many words that native speakers use as nouns.) American structuralists defined the syntactic categories of lexemes not on the basis of meaning but on the basis of form. This involved an examination of word endings (e.g. any word ending in -ness is a noun), and of the ways in which the words enter into larger constructions (e.g. any word that fits the dash in the frame The — is there. is a noun).
Semi-affixes may be also used in preposition like prefixes. Thus, anything that is smaller or shorter than others of its kind may be preceded by mini-: mini-budget, mini-bus, mini-car, mini-crisis, mini-planet, mini-skirt, etc.
Other productive semi-affixes used in pre-position are midi-, maxi-, self- and others: midi-coat, maxi-coat, self-starter, self-help.
The factors conducing to transition of free forms into semi-affixes are high semantic productivity, adaptability, combinatorial capacity (high valency), and brevity.
Used Literature:
1. Adams, Valeric. 1973. An Introduction to Modern English Word Formation. London: Longman.
2. Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sydney, Leech, Geoffrey and Svartvik, Jan. 1984. A Comprehensive Grammar of English. London: Longman.
3. Talmy, Leonard. 1975. "Semantics and the syntax of motion," in Kimball, J.P., ed., Syntax and Semantics 4 (New York: Academic Press), 181-238.
© Эгамуратова М.Н., 2023
