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0FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT THE BODY OF YOUNG GYMNASTS
Teacher: Barno Abduraximova
ALFRAGANUS UNIVERSITY
E-mail: bezkonecnost0328@gmail.com
Annotation. Identification of the features of the functional system in order to successfully develop motor skills of young gymnasts. For example, the training process of preparing young athletes requires the introduction of a new scientific approach to raising athletes in children's gymnastics and the creation of effective pedagogical technologies. The experience of sports practice shows that traditional methods and tools used in the preparation process of sportsmen can lose their effectiveness or weaken the process's significance in the long preparatory period. As a result, sporting outcomes and physical and functional capabilities can probably stop developing. It is only natural that such a condition occurs. Since there is no limit to the likelihood that the body will adapt to workloads, a condition that is accustomed to traditional workloads arises in special exercises that cannot develop sports skills. Learning how to move in the joints, at this age, it is optimal to develop flexibility associated with the elasticity of the muscles and ligament-articular apparatus.
Keywords: Gymnastics, function, method, age organism, physical education.
Introduction: Studies have shown that children already 6-7 years old achieve high levels of movement in joints, mainly passive.The highest variability of indicators and the fact that a significant proportion of people with disharmonious and microsomati'c body types (21.1% and 37.9%) are typical for non-athlete girls. Among female skiers and gymnasts, there are more people with a mesomati'c type (74.6% and 66.7%) and physical development (93.7% and 82.2%) respectively. Non-athlete girls have been found to have significantly higher blood pressure than girls involved in sports.
According to the heart rate, no difference was found between non-athlete girls and athletes, but the girls' gymnasts had significantly higher heart rates than those of skiers. Considering that the learning process itself can be a strong stress factor during gymnastics, we decided to identify opportunities to use the HRV analysis method to investigate the level of tension of regulatory systems in young athletes. In addition, we decided to study a certain type of physical activity of particular focus, particularly the fact that gymnastics had the functional state and adaptive capabilities of regulatory systems. The HRV complex "Varicard 2.56" for Nalysis was used in four gymnasts who were 8 years old during one microcycle. HRV research was carried out within 2,5 hours of training and within 5 minutes immediately. In these gymnasts, the results of the HRV analysis are presented at the rate. According to the figure, from the second to the fifth day of the microscope, three gymnasts, Kh.I., Sh.V., and M.A., were organized in background studies (before training) to increase the activity of autonomous heart rate regulation. Perhaps this condition can be attributed to the exact characteristics of the effects of gymnastics aimed at increasing parasimpathic activity (SI indicators decrease, R-R, MxDMn values increase,TP, HF, LF, VLF). The increased power of very low frequency (VLF) reflects increased energy-metabolic processes. Two gymnasts by the end of the weekly cycle. The purpose of the study. Among athletes, 36 girls and 9 skiers engaged in rhythmic gymnastics had a high sports qualification (CM and MS). The category had 39 skiers and 6 gymnasts from 1 to 3 adults. All applicants lived in the Northeastern part of Russia. The main anthropometric parameters of the subjects were noted: the maximum excursion of the nipple in the pause, maximum breathing and breathing (MGI, cm) in body length (BW, cm), body weight (BW, kg), 3 positions along the chest - pause, maximum breathing and breathing (MGI, cm) was rated with the following difference: OGKinbreathmax - OGKexhalemax. An individual assessment of the physical development rate of girls by body weight, body length and OGK was carried out using centi'llar scales between the age developed by us according to the method of harmonious development of R.N. Dorokhova. Centi'le calculations obtained for each studied parameter were determined based on the results of centi'le calculations (DT, MT, OGKpause This was taken into account, if there was a difference in the number of centimeters intervals between the two, three indicators 1, then physical development was considered harmonious, if 2 - indifferent and 3 or more -breaks sharply. Whether the girls belonged to a micro, meso- or macrosomati'c, they were rated with a
sum of centimeter range numbers obtained for each of the parameters: body length, body weight and chest girth. With a result of up to 10, the subject is classified as a microsomatotype (MiS), from 11 to 15 - to a mesomatotype (MeS), 16 or more - to a macrosomatic (MaS). The body mass index was calculated using the formula: MT/DT2 (BMI, kg/m2, here in DT meters). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (mm Hg) are performed using the Korotkoff method at the "sitt'ng" position during rest. Determining the properties of functional systems for the development of motor skills of young gymnasts has shown that the development of flexibility is most favorable due to the elasticity of muscles and ligament-articulated apparatus. Food research has shown that already at the age of 6-7, children with no particular difficulties achieve movement in joints, mainly at passive levels. Since the 1930s, researchers have been able to prove the illegality of reducing proficiency to several abilities. As a result, today there are 2-3 totals of 57 (according to other sources, 11-20) with special and special-looking CS, for example:
- coordination of activity of large muscle groups throughout the body;
- the total balance;
- balancing with and without visual control;
- balance sheet in object;
- balancing objects;
- the speed at which motor activity is reconstruted.
Coordination skills include spatial orientation ability, fine motor skills, ability to differentiate, reproduction, measurement and evaluation space, strength and temporary parameters of movements, rhythm, vestibular stability, the ability to calm muscles voluntarily, and so on. This led to the fact that instead of the term "dexterity" they introduced into science and practice, the term "coordination abilities" began to be used about such abilities and a differentiated approach to evaluating and developing them about the system (set) of necessity. But the term KS is generally not accepted, combining the above skills into a system of relevant concepts. In the publications of local and foreign scientists, you are more general ("dexterity", "movement coordination", "ability to control movements", "total balance", etc)," and a narrower plan ("coordination of movements of upper limbs", "small motor skills", "dynamic balance", "coordination of movements", "change of rhythm", "ability to correctly repeat movements", "Jump rate", etc.). A large number of terms and concepts that try to explain the individual differences encountered in the management and regulation of various motor actions, on the one hand, indicate the complexity and diversity of human coordinated manifestations, and on the other - the disorder of terminological and the oreti'cal apparatus used for this purpose. All of this undoubtedly complicates the understanding of this phenomenon, which creates certain challenges for the teacher in developing children's coordination skills in physical education practices. coordination skills, writes V.I. Lyakh, these opportunities Determine its readiness for optimal control and regulation of motor moti'on.9 Recently, no theme-free training will be carried out in world-class competitions, but this is the basis of all artistic gymnastics, all exercises are performed in music (duration of 90 seconds) and are characterized by the free movement of a gymnast in mattress (13x13 m), perform exercises related to the art of ownership with your body, and perform work synchronized with the subject. Jumping rope exercises with a jump rope combine different jumps on one and two legs,alternating jumping and rotation of the rope - done with in place and advance, sidebars, back, turns, as well as changing the rhythm and tempo of both jumps and (with jumping or"separately") movements with skipping cords at the same time. This transition requires a special precision of movements, not only a sense of rhythm, but also an object itself, because the configuration can vary significantly depending on the tension of the jump rope, can vary depending on the rotation speed and amplitude, as well as depending on the initial and special variable length. Since jumping cords are usually performed in long series, these exercises serve excellent tools for developing endurance, which is why they are used in almost all sports specialties as part of general or specialized physical training. Jumping straps made of various materials in public gymnastics: hemp, rubber, plastic, combined composition. It does not play a special role in the level of tasks to be solved in primary preparation. It is more important to accurately determine the length of the rope, which must be equal to the distance from the floor to the shoulder handle in the corrected body positioning (then the rope is easy to rotate
and the rope cannot tangle during rotation). To diversify classes and differentiate the load, jumping over a long rope (rope, rotated by two partners), between two, threes, jumping in an entire group and among the experiments with a variety of additional motor tasks. Wet exercises, which are wet, are mainly associated with throwing the object (hand, foot, neck, narrow, narrow), against the background of its various body movements and turning the bearings. The main condition for these exercises is to maintain the movement plane of the bull, otherwise it will fall off. Proper grip is also important: the movements of the swing should be performed with a tight grip, rocking and spinning movements, but rather, you need to tangle the muscles in time and relax, provide movements of freedom. Almost every move that is wet requires mastering a more complex special technique than is used in exercise. The above-mentioned, wet exercises themselves are amazing.a means of improving various physical qualities and coordination skills. Wooden,plasti'c or duralumin wet ball exercises 80-90 cm in diameter are very dynamic, they use a lot of different movements: one and two-handed shooting and catching, round and semi-cut and throws over parts of the body not only with the hands, but also with the legs, torso, head, shoulder; Sharp and fast throws are combined with turns and keep the ball in different spatial positions of the gymnast when straightening the ball into different areas of the body. The special actions typical of this group training are ball shots and turns. To keep the ball in somersaults, back or chest cavity, throwing out various balances and combined with the "" movements. Training with Maces Clubs involves the conversion of two objects. One or two hand-held gymnasts make a variety of circles, swings, "mills," shootouts, clubs moving in court or on your body, throw clubs with given routes and rotation aircraft, and then they are caught by the athlete in a complex endeavor, coming in turns, jumping with turns, various kinds of somersaults, etc. Mace - an oblong object in the shape of a thickened obese glass at the end, which is needed for comfortable keeping. Mace length 40-55 cm, weight - 400-550 g tape pumpkin exercises include the construction of various "drawings". Which tape, circle, toss, block, shoot, etc. hold a wooden (plastic) stick. movements that draw with it "snakes", "eight", "spirals". All this in different planes and directions, in different steps and rhythms and in keeping with the behavior of other parts of the body - twists and spins, jumps and half turns, bends, free-moving tape or wrapping around yourself, throw it upwards and simultaneously somersaults or vice versa - "spread the snake" and jump over it. Musical companion exercises compatible with tape can satisfy a great and purified taste. For exercises, ribbons of various bright colors are used, 5 m long, 2.5 cm wide, usually silk. Girls develop better co-mobility than boys. This is proved by data from management tests on seven exercises. The average score of girls aged 6 and 7 is significantly higher than that of their peers. The first has 8.93 and 9.09 openings, the second has 7.9 and 7.94 openings. At the age of 7, the size of the motor analyzer's cortical fields is approximately 80% of the size of an adult and the size of subcortical structures is approximately 95%. The capability of the neuromuscular system reaches the norm of adults at the age of 8-10 years. Children's adaptation to exercise and performance largely depends on the state of autonomous functions, mainly cardiovascular (CCC) and respiratory systems. The development of the cardiovascular system in elementary school students is much more cross-sectional. By the age of 7, the linear size of children's hearts doubles. Heart volume increases at a slightly lower rate than the total lumen of blood vessels. However, the ratio of heart mass to body weight is already approaching the value characteristics of adults. Significant heart rate (heart rate at the age of 6-8 years old is 90-92 beats per minute), so faster blood circulation provides tissue with food. This contributes to relatively high efficiency. is characterized by significantly higher respiratory levels than in adults (20-22 times per 1 minute during rest);
Results of the study:Although living opportunities are increasing from 9 years old (for girls - from 1100 to 1450 cm2, for boys - from 1200 to 1700 cm2), this figure is 2 times lower for adults in these years. Children have limited ability to work under the "task". They stop intense work when the oxygen debt is only 1 liter. At the same time, it takes several minutes to prepare the child's body for physical work, so quickly turn on its life support and adaptation systems. But in addition to this, neuropsychological fatigue is also observed faster and much faster than that of adults. This is primarily due to the peculiarity of high nervous activity, which is characterized by high functional fatigue of the nerve cells in the brain. A sufficient stability of the underlying nervous processes - strength, mobility,
and balance - often leads to rapidly developing protective arousal, which manifests itself in the distracting behavior of children during activities that require concentration. By the age of 7, the central nervous system reaches a very high level of development. The role of inhibition processes is significantly improved compared to the agitation processes, which were previously abundant. However, for 6-7 year olds, the form of mild radiation of arousal processes and inhibition processes remains characteristic. The consequences are less stability of attention, the emotional nature of reactions, and more fatigue of the nervous system. Despite a 5-7 year old's relative anatomical, physiological and psychological imperfection, the level of his motor skills and ability to recover quickly are good prerequisites for successful gymnastics and physical activity, especially if they are performed emotionally, together by the entire group. However, when planning training at this stage of education, it is important to take into account the age characteristics of children and remember that the autonomous system and its functions lag behind the development of the motor system in general, despite great adaptive capabilities. CONCLUSION
So, on the basis of somatometric parameters and an analysis of hemodynamic indicators, we can conclude that girls involved in sports, unlike non-athlete girls, have a more harmonious physical development of the cardiovascular system and higher reserve capacity. The most optimal morphofuncti'onal development is typical for girls skiers, while girls gymnasts have a significant deficit in body weight and a weakened chest development. Non-athlete girls, compared to girls involved in sports, have higher values of a double product index, indicating a decline in the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system. Girls engaged in rhythmic gymnastics have the highest indicators of minute blood volume. This figure is significantly higher among girls gymnasts than skiers LIST OF SOURCES
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