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UDK. 581.132
FORMATION OF YIELD PERFORMANCES IN THE SAMPLES OF FOREIGN COLLECTION BELONGING TO CICER ARIETINUM L. SPECIES Kh.A. Nurgaliev1
1Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology Tashkent city, Chilanzarsky district, microdistrict 20, building
B.Kh. Amanov2
2Head of the Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology ofChirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Abstract. When the 36 samples of chickpea from the world collection were planted in the fall on 3 m2 plots in 3 replications, and elements of productivity were analyzed, the weight of seedpods in one plant was 27.4-54.9 grams, the number of seedpods in one plant was 17.0-36.2 pieces, the weight of 1000 grains was 223.1-388.6 grams and average total yield was 340-789.0 g/m2. Of the 36 studied samples, 16 samples had a higher average total productivity, and it was found that they can yield more than 20 centners per hectare.
Keywords: chickpea, collection, budding, flowering, seedpod, productivity, trait, replication, genotype, weight of 1000 grains.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ОБРАЗЦОВ НУТА ИЗ МИРАВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ВИДА CICER ARIETINUM L.
Х.А. Нургалиев1
1Самаркандская государственная ветеринарная медицина, Университет животноводства и биотехнологии, Ташкент, Чиланзарский р-н, микрорайон 20, дом
Б.Х. Аманов2
2Чирчикского Государственного Педагогического Университет, г. Чирчик,
Узбекистан
Introduction
The chickpea plant is one of the important crops and is grown in more than 12 million hectares and in more than 100 countries worldwide [16]. It is known that chickpea grain is used as an important food for human consumption due to its rich content of complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals [3]. The chickpeas are rich in crude protein and high in tryptophan amino acids. In the breeding of chickpea for yield and to meet the global demand for pea consumption, chickpea cultivation has significantly improved productivity, disease resistance, plant morphological parameters and adaptability traits in pea cultivation worldwide in the last three decades [4].
Correct phenotyping in chickpea breeding and its use in combination with molecular information in the genetic process will increase the selection efficiency [15]. In this case, the direct breeding process focused on physiological traits is considered more effective than the breeding focused on productivity traits. This term is used to describe the productivity and morphological variability of the genotype during the development periods under the influence of various external environmental factors [2]. Breeding based on conventional yield trait control is also based on yield analysis of tens of thousands of plants at the end of each cycle, which hides the effect of the trait of interest on chickpea yield. In contrast, breeding based on
yield-morphological traits has the advantage that enables to identify the traits substituting the traits of early season or of normal yield for the yield or yield-specific traits.
Chickpea plant, like all leguminous plants, activates the microbial functions of the soil, causing an increase in the amount of organic carbon in the soil [5]. The above-ground and below-ground biomass of the chickpea plant contributes directly to the increase of organic matter in the soil [14]. Above-ground biomass is especially important in increasing soil fertility and productivity. The leaf structure of the chickpea plant directly affects productivity by increasing the efficiency of photosynthesis. The effect of the increase in the efficiency of photosynthesis in the leaf on productivity is mentioned in the scientific literature [9].
P. Maharjan [10] believed that in the development of the selection process the new varieties and the genotype resistant to environmental factors are one of the most important aspects of environmental interaction. This is the difference between high and average yields for the most important agricultural crops (1:4 typical ratio) due to the tendency to increase the quantity and quality of yields depending on weather conditions.
Increasing the yield and adaptability of chickpea using different genetic resources is important for the breeding of new cultivars [1]. Chickpea
13
plant species with narrow genetic diversity are susceptible to pathogens or environmental stressors, which can lead to yield losses and significant reductions in adaptation characteristics [10]. The genetic diversity of the chickpea plant also varies significantly in terms of yield potential, short stem length, branch length, complex leaf structure, grain shape, seed size, and disease resistance [7]. Thus, the use of different genetic resources in increasing the yield of chickpea is important to select genetically diverse parents and to expand the genetic base of cultivated chickpea [11].
The research objects and methods.
Samples of the world collection of chickpeas of the international organization ICARDA were used as the research object. During the scientific research, the seeds of chickpea samples of the foreign collection were sown by 20 grams in 3m2 area in the "Durmon" experimental field of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, in 3 replications.
The research results
The productivity of the chickpea plant is one of the main important directions of the selection-breeding process. In the creation of the varieties with high genetic potential, it is expedient to combine genotypes that are resistant to negative factors of the external environment, have stable yield and high productivity.
In recent years, along with the increase in the genetic diversity of the chickpea plant, the problems in pea selection and breeding are being solved by analyzing the indicators of productivity, resistance to diseases and pests, as well as the physiological characteristics of the pea under the
influence of external environmental factors. Our research aimed to select genotypes with high yield using samples of foreign collections of peas and use them in selection-breeding processes.
The productivity of a chickpea plant depends on the number of seedpods produced. Our experiments show that the number of pods in one plant is one of the variable traits. The possibility of budding, flowering pod formation in the chickpea plant is very high, but its preservation depends on the characteristics of the variety and agrotechnical practices and environmental conditions. Although the number of grains per plant is inextricably linked with the number of seedpods, variable productivity traits such as the number of grains per pod depend on the genotype of the collection sample being studied. The trait for number of seedpods does not significantly affect the yield rate. Laboratory studies have shown that most chickpea varieties and samples contain 2 grains per pod.
In our experiments, the weight of the seedpod per plant in the collection samples was from 27.4 grams to 54.9 grams. Among world samples of the chickpea collection, the highest index has been found in the samples 12136 (54.9 g), 12114 (49.4 g), 12104 (49.1 g), 12118 (43.5 g), 12134 (43.1 g), 12108 (43 g), 12110 (41.8 g), 12103 (42 g) and 12109 (41.3 g). In the rest of the samples of the collection, the weight of the seedpod per plant was less than 40. The lowest indicators was recorded in samples 12112 (28.2 g), 12106 (28.8 g) and 12127 (27.4 g) (Figure 1).
Among the productivity components, the highest indicator for the number of seedpods per plant was observed in sample 12104 (36.2 pieces),
while the lowest indicator was recorded in sample 12133 (17 pieces]. It was found that the correlation of these two components according to the number and weight of seedpods per plant showed the highest results in the samples 12104 (number of pods 49.1; weight of pods 36.2 g), 12114 (number of pods 49.4 pieces; weight of pods 36.3 g), 12118 (number of pods 43.5 pieces; pod weight
33.1 g) and 12136 (number of pods 54.9 pieces; pod weight 41.1 g) compared to the rest of the samples. It was also observed that the adaptability of these samples to the soil climatic conditions was genetically resistant to external environmental factors and manifested the characteristics of resistance in the phenotype.
NNNNNNNNNIMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNN
1 tup o'simlikdagi dukkak og'irligi, g
• 1 tup o'simlikdagi dukkak soni, dona
Figure-1. The number and the weight of seedpods in the samples.
The weight of 1000 grains is one of the important indicators of productivity enhancing components. The trait of the weight of 1000 grains in the chickpea plant is a quantitative trait that determines the yield and seed value of the samples based on their genetic characteristics. Controlling the genetic character of the sample according to this trait is a very difficult task and requires many years of research. The weight of 1000 grains in a chickpea plant varies depending on the favorable and unfavorable conditions of the external environment. In our experiments, when the weight of 1000 grains was determined, it showed 223.1-388.6 grams. In terms of the trait for the weight of 1000 grains, a relatively high value was
recorded in collection samples 12106 (283.7 g), 12118 (388.6 g) and 12131 (353.4 g), while the low value for this trait was 223.1 grams in sample 12116.
In the sample 12104 studied in our experiments, a high result was recorded for the number and weight of seedpods, but a low result was recorded for the weight of 1000 grains. It was observed that the reason for this was the number of seedpods per plant and the high number of grains in the seedpods. Similar results were observed in samples 12118 and 12136, the higher number of grains in the seedpod led to a decrease in the weight of 1000 grains. On the contrary, despite the low weight of 1000 grains, the productivity indicators were noted to be high in some samples. Among such
samples, the highest result of the yield was achieved in collection samples 12108, 12117, 12134, it was 702, 760, 742 g, respectively. Despite the relatively
800
low weight of 1000 grains of these samples, the higher number of seedpods and higher number of grains in seedpods resulted in higher yields.
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
cr
/ 1 ^N__/'-
= S4 3 CO . -AJ m
CO m ri
CJ CS u-,
C I CS ri CO CS CS CS CS CS CO CS CO CS CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
. 3 m2 hosidorlik, g ---- 1000 ta don vazni
Figure 2. The weight of 1000 grains and yield performances of the samples
The relationship between the four traits studied during the research was determined in the samples 12108 (number of pods 32.3 pieces, pod weight 43 g, weight of 1000 grains 293.8 g, yield 702 g) and 12134 (number of pods 33.4 pieces, pod weight 43.1 g, the weight of 1000 grains 267.2 g, yield 742 g). In the remaining samples, a disparity between traits was observed (Table 1). For
example, in samples 12118 and 12104, the number of seedpods, the weight of seedpods and the weight of 1000 grains were relatively high, while the yield was low, 437 and 422 g. The reason for the low yield was the low number of plants per 3 m2. Similar results revealed an imbalance between the traits in samples 12103, 12116 and 12114.
Table!
Yield performances of the samples
№ Catalogue number Average total yielc I, 3 g/m2
x ±Sx Limit S V%
1 12101 605,0 ± 5,6 590 - 630 21,7 3,6
2 12102 532,3 ± 6,5 510-560 25,4 4,7
3 12103 622,3 ± 3,2 610-635 12,5 2,0
4 12104 522,3 ± 5,8 500 - 545 22,5 4,3
5 12105 545,0 ± 8,7 512 - 580 34,0 6,2
6 12106 533,3 ±9,07 500 - 570 35,1 6,5
7 12107 678,3 ± 4,5 660 - 695 17,5 2,5
8 12108 789,0 ± 4,2 772 - 805 16,5 2,0
9 12109 456,7 ± 5,3 440 - 480 20,8 4,5
10 12110 415,0 ± 1,2 410-420 5,0 1.2
11 12111 651,7 ± 1,97 645 - 660 7,63 1.1
12 12112 537,3 ± 7,0 507 - 560 27,31 5,0
13 12113 594,0 ± 4,9 577- 615 19,31 3,2
14 12114 632,3 ± 1,9 625 - 640 7,5 1,1
15 12115 484,0 ± 4,27 467 - 500 16,5 3,4
16 12116 746,7 ± 1,5 740 - 752 6,11 1,1
17 12117 713,3 ±2,6 705 - 725 10,4 1,4
18 12118 487,3 ± 4,5 470 - 505 17,5 3,5
19 12119 736,7 ± 3,2 725 - 750 12,5 1,7
20 12120 670,7 ± 5,6 647 - 690 21,8 3,2
21 12121 690,0 ± 1,2 685 - 695 5,0 0,7
22 12122 702,3 ± 1,1 697 - 705 4,61 0,6
23 12123 591,7 ± 3,9 575- 605 15,2 2,5
24 12124 616,7 ± 4,5 600- 635 17,5 2,8
25 12125 602,3 ± 1,9 595- 610 7,5 1,2
26 12126 537,3 ± 8,3 505 - 570 32,5 6,0
27 12127 622,3 ± 5,8 600 - 645 22,5 3,6
28 12128 626,7 ± 6,3 610-655 24,6 3,9
29 12129 487,3 ± 1,9 480 - 495 7,5 1,5
30 12130 597,3 ± 1,9 590 - 605 7,5 1,2
31 12131 535,7 ± 6,4 510-560 25,0 4,6
32 12132 510 ±3,87 495 - 525 15 2,9
33 12133 636,7 ± 5,2 615-655 20, 3,1
34 12134 743,3 ± 6,7 718-770 26,0 3,5
35 12135 340,0 ±5,1 320 - 360 20,0 5,8
36 12136 359,7 ± 4,4 340- 373 17,3 4,8
Conclusion
The analysis of the obtained results of the studies showed that when 36 samples of chickpea from the world collection were planted on 3 m2 plots in 3 replications in the autumn season, and analyzed the elements of the productivity of the chickpea plant, the weight of the seedpod in one plant was 27.4-54.9 grams, the number of seedpods in one plant was 17, 0-36.2 pieces, the weight of 1000 grains was 223.1-388.6 grams and average total yield was 340-789.0 g/m2. Out of 36 studied samples, 16 samples had higher total yield and it was determined that they could yield more than 20 centners per hectare. Samples of the collection with a complex combination of productivity traits were selected and recommended for selection-breeding work in practice.
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