CC BY
16UDC 72.03:725
Tiurikova E.N.
Candidate of Architecture, Assistant Professor, ORCID: 0000-0002-4279-7623 Pogorelov O.A. Senior Lecturer, ORCID: 0000-0003-0150-043X Titinov V. V. Teaching Fellow ORCID: 0000-0001-6118-8746 Nedoshitko O.M. Senior Lecturer
Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
FORMATION OF THE HUMAN AND STREET ANIMALS INTERACTION ENVIRONMENT
DOI: 10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.1.68.8 Abstract. The paper is devoted to the problem of arrangement of the city's ecosystem by the architectural and design tools. The contradictions and conditions of joint habitation of people and street animals (cats) in the urban environment are revealed. The initial potential capacity of different types of urban environment (beaches, a traditional Odessa courtyard, public parks and squares, modern multi-storey buildings) in the formation of a harmonized, conflict-free interaction between people and animals have been investigated. The sketches of the search for the artistic appearance of cat settlements (students' works) are presented.
Keywords: ecosystem, architectural and design tools, conflict-free interaction conditions, artistic appearance of a fragment of the urban environment, cat settlements, humanistic approach, and urban lifestyle.
Studied problem: architectural and design methods of forming an artistic appearance of the urban environment fragment, the implementation of the "Kind City" idea: harmonious coexistence of various biological species in an artificial environment.
Topicality. The modern urban lifestyle is characterized by the dynamism, processability, and efficiency. The forms of social life such as a promenade, informal communication of neighbors, and joint holidays in Odessa courtyards recede into the past. The city is captured by transport, which displaces people and animals. In social psychology, the humanistic values are replaced by the egocentrism and individualism. The disunity, diving into the virtual
reality, decrease in the need to sympathize and empathize corrodes the human from a person. In this situation, all creatures great and small suffer most acutely, who entered by the will of man into his artificial environment, but are not adapted to its changes. The socio-humanistic, ecological, sanitary and hygienic contradictions between the modern way of life and traditional values are solved, among other things, by the architectural design methods. In European practice (Poland, the Baltic states, etc.), there are various forms for arrangement of consistent coexistence of people and animals, the industry operates to provide living conditions for street cats, including in the wild.
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Fig. 1. The world practice of creating housing for cats
In Ukraine, there is a "Kind City" program, 14.12.2017), Mykolayiv, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipro, etc. according to which he cats are declared part of the [1-4]. ecosystem of cities such as Kyiv, Odessa (from
1.1. The world practice of organizing interior and outdoor houses for cats.
Odessa is a special city. Animals are traditionally loved here. The "Cats of Odessa" program, volunteer organizations, and joint projects of various institutes operate, the creative intelligentsia is involved (cats are the art objects on the streets of the city, calendars and postcards with street cats, etc.). The cat settlements appeared in the historical center of the city
(Manezhnaya Str., Teshchin Most, Sobornaya Square, etc.), in the beach and recreational areas (Gorsad, Luzanovka, etc.), some of these houses are factory-made, some are the product of the residents' craftsmanship (Fig. 1). However, the potential capacity of the architectural design has not yet been used, an environmental analysis has not been carried out, the
needs of different environmental niches have not been identified, a set of project proposals has not been formed taking into account the peculiarities of the
interaction of people and animals in various types of spaces. This determined the problem, object, subject, goals and objectives of the study.
1.2. Odessa experience of cat settlements (factory-made and self-made houses)
1.3. functionally shaped solutions for the environment for cats
The object is an urban environment that accumulates a typical way of life.
The subject is architectural and design tools of arrangement of the "environment" in the environment, humanistic and communication, compositional and aesthetic aspects.
The goal is to identify architectural and design tools for conflict-free interaction between people and cats in the urban environment.
The objectives:
- to identify the needs and potential capacity of arrangement of the environmental interaction of people and animals in various types of urban development;
- to form a typology of cat settlements;
- to develop project proposals for the harmonization of the urban environment with the organization of living conditions for the cats.
The urban developed land is not homogeneous. It includes historical and modern low-rise buildings, objects of historical and cultural heritage, multi-storey complexes, temporary housing, etc. Housing in
recreational areas or near industrial development, in a cultural center or on the outskirts, farmstead or modern high-rise buildings, elite or municipal housing differs by typology of the inhabitants, style and way of life, conditions for free communication, etc.
In the urban ecosystem, all living things occupy their own niche and ensure its stability and eco-balance. Domesticated animals traditionally live next to the people who have tamed them, integrate into their way of life. At the same time, their biological predetermination should not be infringed (in cats -nocturnal lifestyle, spring caterwaul, focus on hunting, mobility and playfulness, typical nutrition, features of propagation and nurture, etc.). In the urban environment of the old city, the cats are pushed into attics and basements; they have no place in the new building at all. Often people demonstrate aggression towards them, not understanding that it is necessary to take sole responsibility for the imbalance in coexistence, violation of culture and traditions. Animals need a home. People need their love and help.
Children need the practice of cooperation, care, and responsibility. Partially these needs can be solved by organizing shelters, rehabilitation centers, involving of municipal services, management companies, etc., partially by means of architectural urban environment design.
Even a superficial analysis makes it possible to highlight the features and possibilities in the arrangement of the environment in the environment.
The factors influencing architectural and design decisions:
- population density, its demographic composition, socio-cultural preferences,
- the geometric set course of space and buildings.
- the ratio of public and private areas, their operational set course,
- traditional lifestyle in the environment,
- the existing eco-structure,
- performance, safety, sanitation and hygiene, the ability to access different areas, etc.,
- the possibility and need for transformations of the environment complex,
- artistic and stylistic features of the development.
This determines the typologicalfeatures of the cat
settlements:
By method and location
- environments built into the system of equipment (into the system of courtyard stairs, additional buildings and pits, into galleries and unfinished attics, etc.),
- fit in the structure of the walls, basement floors, in the improvement system,
- organized using lost or partially lost elements of eco-structure or equipment (dried-up or broken trees, obsolete or destroyed playgrounds, old cars and dovecotes, etc.),
- independent detached objects.
- top, bottom, middle,
- fully autonomous, partially autonomous or fit-in.
By capacity and other quantitative
characteristics:
- individual, group,
- single-level, tiered, combined,
- permanent and temporary, seasonal and year-round,
By compositional and artistic image characteristics:
- a house-constructor's kit, a play structure, a basket, a ball, a nest, a woolen sock, a ribbon, a cat's tower-town, a house-a joke, a parody, a decoration, a house-hovel, a garden, a skyscraper, a capsule, a canterbury...
- point, tape, compact, spatial, with development in height, along a polygonal line, diagonally, etc.
- cellular structure, monolithic structure, dismountable, etc.
- contrasting in terms of style, neutral or organic.
The presented students' works demonstrate
conceptual approaches to the design of urban environment fragment with the inclusion of cat settlements therein. Fig. 2. Conceptual proposals for the artistic and functional arrangement of the environment in the environment (inclusion of houses for cats in residential buildings
UB
(Mono-opera "cat concert", cat-pipe, cat-case, cheese adventures, cat-ship)
2.1. Introduction of cat settlements into the structure of a traditional Odessa courtyard (students' works) (courtyards for cats, cat capsules, cat roosts)
2.2. Formation of cat houses around damaged trees. Nests and hovels for cats in the park.
2.3. Examples of house patterns: cat hostel, tower-house, ball, canterbury, cat garden, house-decoration.
Conclusions. The necessity of forming the environment in the environment, increasing the humanistic component of the urban environment through the arrangement of conflict-free
The necessity of forming the environment in the environment, increasing the humanistic component of the urban environment through the arrangement of conflict-free interaction between people and cats has been substantiated.
The potential capacities of different types of urban environment in solving the abovementioned problem have been researched. The factors influencing the architectural and design decisions in different types of urban residential development are highlighted.
The classification features and typological characteristics of cat settlements are proposed. On the example of conceptual students' works, the examples of the functional and artistic arrangement of the environment for cats in the structure of the city are given. The architectural and design tools of forming the urban environment image are revealed, taking into account the conflict-free coexistence of people and cats: activating the humanistic-communicative beginning of the environment by means of: compositional, artistic, structural solutions, forming an environmental scenario with the participation of all inhabitants of the environment, ensuring the necessary "decorations" for the environmental processes, the organization of the environmental composition, taking
into account stylistics, ergonomics, aesthetics, and lifestyle.
The issues of ecobalance in new buildings, in the conditions of an urbanized technogenic environment await further research.
References:
1. Part of the Ecosystem: Why Cats and Dogs Are Important to the Cityodessa.pub >.chast-ekosistemy-pochemu-koty-i-sobaki-...
2. To recognize stray cats as part of the city's ecosystem petition.e-dem.ua > dnipropetrovsk > Petition > View
3. In Mykolayiv, the cats were recognized as part of the city's ecosystem nv.ua > ukraine > events > koty-stali-chastyu-ekosistem...
4. (A Kind City as an ecosystem: the view of an animal rights activists... mdl.com.ua > dobryj-gorod-kak-jekosistema-vzgljad-zoo..
5. Жердев, Е. В. Метафорическая образность в дизайне / Е.В. Жердев. М.: Изд-во МСХА, 2004 . -226 с.
6. Додсворт С. Фундаментальные основы дизайна интерьеров: учебное пособие. М.: Тридэ Кукинг, 2011.
7. Лола, Г. Н. Дизайн. Опыт метафизической транскрипции / Г. Н. Лола; послесл. Н.Б.Иванова.-М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1998.- 264 с.
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Тюрикова Е.Н.
канд. архитектуры, доцент, ORCID: 0000-0002-4279-7623 Погорелое О.А. старший преподаватель, ORCID: 0000-0003-0150-043X Титинов В.В. асситстент кафедры ORCID: 0000-0001-6118-8746 Недошитко О.М. старший преподаватель Одесская государственная академия строительства и архитектуры
ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СРЕДЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И УЛИЧНЫХ ЖИВОТНИХ
Тюргкова О.М.
канд. архimекmури, доцент, ORCID: 0000-0002-4279-7623 Погорелое О.А.
старший викладач, ORCID: 0000-0003-0150-043X
Тгттов В.В.
аситстент кафедри, ORCID: 0000-0001-6118-8746
Недошитко О.М.
старший викладач
Одеська державна академiя будiвницmва та архimекmури ФОРМУВАННЯ СЕРЕДОВИЩА ВЗАСМОДШ ЛЮДИНИ I ВУЛИЧН1 ТВАРИНИ
UDC 72.03:725
Tiurikova E.N.
Ph.D. in Architecture, Assistant Professor, ORCID: 0000-0002-4279-7623 Pogorelov О.А. Senior Lecturer, ORCID: 0000-0003-0150-043X Titinov V. V. Teaching fellow ORCID: 0000-0001-6118-8746 Nedoshitko О.М.
Senior Lecturer
Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
FORMATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE AND OPERATIONAL GRAPHIC COMPETENCIES OF
THE ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS
DOI: 10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.1.68.9 Аннотация. Статья посвящена проблеме организации экосистемы города архитектурно-дизайнерскими средствами. Выявлены противоречия и условия совместного обитания в городской среде людей и уличных животных (котов). Исследованы исходные возможности разных типов городской среды (пляжи, традиционный одесский дворик, общественные парки и скверы, современная многоэтажная застройка) в формировании гармонизированного, бесконфликтного взаимодействия людей и животных. Представлены эскизы поиска художественного образа кошачьих поселений (студенческие работы).
Анотащя. Статтю присвячено проблемi оргашзацп екосистеми мюта архггектурно-дизайнерськими засобами. Виявлено протирiччя i умови стльного проживання в мюькому середовищi людей i вуличних тварин (копв). Дослвджено вихвдш можливосл рiзних титв мюького середовища (пляжц традицшний одеський дворик, громадсьш парки i сквери, сучасна багатоповерхова забудова) в формуванш гармошзованого, безконфлштного взаемодп людей i тварин. Представлеш есшзи пошуку художнього образу котячих поселень (студентсьш роботи).
