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FORMATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE DATABASE
FOR EVALUATION OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SLOPE STABILITY OF DEEP QUARRIES Gasanova N.Yu. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: Gasanova428@scientifictext.ru
Gasanova Nadejda Yunisovna - Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS,
TASHKENT STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article analyzes contemporary questions of statistical estimation of the influence of earthquakes on the stability of the sides and slopes of deep quarries. For this purpose, a methodology is provided for solving the problem based on the organization of earthquake databases, determining the nature of the statistical distribution of disturbance sources (epicenters) relative to large quarries. The importance of taking into account the load from earthquakes of a certain class (in magnitude) to the rock massif of the quarries is noted. The increase in the depth of quarries and the period of their service (development) is a prerequisite for the accumulation of destruction of different scale, the growth of deformations and the disintegration of the rock massif.
Keywords: quarry, geotechnics, deformation of rocks, earthquakes, epicenter, database.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ БАЗЫ ДАННЫХ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ИХ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ БОРТОВ ГЛУБОКИХ КАРЬЕРОВ Гасанова Н.Ю. (Республика Узбекистан)
Гасанова Надежда Юнисовна - старший преподаватель, кафедра математики и механики, Ташкентский государственный технический университет, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье анализируются актуальные вопросы статистической оценки влияния землетрясений на устойчивость бортов и откосов глубоких карьеров. Для этого приводится методика решения задачи на основе организации баз данных землетрясений, определения характера статистического распределения источников возмущений (эпицентров) относительно крупных карьеров. Отмечается значимость учета нагрузки от землетрясений определенного класса (по магнитуде) на массив горных пород бортов карьеров. Рост глубины карьеров и срока их службы (разработки) является предпосылкой накопления разрушений разного масштаба, роста деформаций и дезинтеграции породного массива.
Ключевые слова: карьер, геомеханика, деформация горных пород, землетрясения, эпицентр, база данных.
Extensive areas of Central Asia, rich in minerals, are characterized by an active impact of contemporary seismic and tectonic processes, which is an additional complicating factor in solving problems of geotechnical support of mining operations. The Kyzylkum region is one of the most seismically active regions of Central Asia, where strong earthquakes occur nowadays (Gazli, 1976 and 1984 with a magnitude M> 7.0) and will most likely continue to occur in the future [2].
The Muruntau mining quarry (Uzbekistan) with dimensions of 3.3x2.5 km, reached a depth of more than 600 m, is currently the largest in terms of volume and depth of excavation of rock mass. The total surface area of rock outcrops is estimated to be more than 10 square kilometers. During the development of this quarry(since 1967, 1.5x109 cubic meters (m3) of
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rock was extracted with a maximum annual production capacity of 53.6x10 m3. The draft of the next stage is planned to bring the depth of the quarry to 950 m. [5, 6]. The area of the deposit location belongs to the seven-octal seismic zone. In modern geometechnics, methods for assessing the influence of impact factors through the probabilities of events, highly dispersed in space and time, such as earthquakes, which differ significantly in intensity, depth of occurrence, distance from the epicenter to the object , engineering and geological conditions of the environment, are developing recently [1, 3, 4].
For the probabilistic estimation of the effect of seismic phenomena, statistical studies of the field of events have been performed, in the region of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, located within parallels 35-45 degrees north latitude and meridians 63-82 degrees east longitude. Information on the earthquakes that occurred in this region with a magnitude of M> 2.8 was collected and formatted as a database based on the yearbooks for earthquakes.
The generated database is characterized by the following: it covers on average more than 2800 events (earthquakes) occurring annually in this region, each of which is represented by 7 main features: date, time, geographical coordinates, depth of focus, class of accuracy of determining the coordinates of the epicenter, energy class. Processing of an organized database is performed using database management systems MS ACCES. The value of the seismic load on the rock massif of the quarry increases with the depth of quarries and the associated long-term technological rock disasters, which is a prerequisite for the growth of deformations and disintegration of the rock massif, as well as for ever-growing in the number of periodic impulse loads leading to the accumulation of fractures of different scale.
The problem of statistical distribution of earthquake foci with respect to mining objects (gold mine of Muruntau, Angren coal mine) was solved. An important parameter after the energy class of the event is the direction of the effect of the seismic effect on the object, i.e. from which side of quarry and frequency the streams of seismic influences come. To solve the problem of the field events with respect to the object in the conventional polar coordinates were divided into several sectors and calculated the statistics of events in each sector. Thus, for example, for the Angren coal mine, the average annual distribution of earthquakes showed that 79.05% of events occurred in the southern and southeastern sectors, including 59.15% of seismic events affect the site from the south and 19.9% from south-eastern directions.
Under the action of seismic loads, deformation characteristics of rocks evince a nonlinear character, their quantitative value varies depending on the strain amplitude under cyclic loads. Statistical methods for estimating the influence of seismic events allow us to determine, by calculation, the possible values of the sought parameter with a certain degree of reliability.
References in English / Список литературы на английском языке
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5. Ismailov A.S. at al. Osobennosti protsessov dlitelnogo deformirovaniya massivov skalnykh porod i ikh monitoring pri otrabotke glubokikh karyerov [Features of rock massifs lengthy deformation process and monitoring by them at deep quarries] // Ismailov A.S., Melikulov A.D., Sadinov S.M., Sultanov K.S., Salyamova K.D., Gasanova N.Yu. Problemy nedropolzovanija [Subsoil use Problems], 2016. № 3. P. 1823 [in Russian]. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://igduran.ru/ (date of access: 12.05.2017).
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References / Список литературы
1. Biswas S. Statistical Physics of fracture, breakdown and Earthquake. Effects of Disorder and Heterogeneity. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2015. 326 p. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://dnb.d-nb.de (дата обращения: 03.12.2016).
2. Быковцев А.С., Прохоренко Г.А., Сытенков В.Н. Моделирование геодинамических и сейсмических процессов при разработке месторождений полезных ископаемых. Ташкент: Фан, 2000. 271 с.
3. Hudson J.A., Feng X.-T. Rock Engineering Risk. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. London. UK, 2015. 572 p. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: www.crcpress.com - www.taylorandfrancis.com/ (дата обращения: 14.03.2016).
4. Hustrulid W.A., Kuchta M., Martin R. Open Pit Mine planning and Design. Volume 1. Fundamentals. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. LLC, 2013. 1288 p. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: www.crcpress.com - www.taylorandfrancis.com/ (дата обращения: 15.02.2017).
5. Исмаилов А.С. и др. Особенности процессов длительного деформирования массивов скальных пород и их мониторинг при отработке глубоких карьеров.// Исмаилов А.С., Меликулов А.Д., Садинов Ш.М., Султанов К.С., Салямова К.Д., Гасанова Н.Ю. Проблемы недропользования, 2016. № 3. С. 18-23. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://igduran.ru/ (дата обращения: 12.10.2016).
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