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4FORMATION INDICES of STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITIES
Abstract
Relevance of the studied problem is caused by the proceeding reforms in educational system. The objective of the paper is to identify structure of formation indices of students' knowledge and abilities. The paper can be useful for teachers of higher educational institutions for development educational and methodical complexes on disciplines.
Keywords
educational standards, university graduate, student, intellectual operations, training process
AUTHORS
Ivan Kapustin
PhD in Engineering, Professor Department of Processing Equipment of Stock-raising and Overworking Enterprises Stavropol State Agricultural University Stavropol, Russia
Vitaliy Grinchenko
PhD in Engineering, senior lecturer Department of Use of Electric Energy
in Agriculture Stavropol State Agricultural University Stavropol, Russia [email protected]
Dmitry Gritsay
PhD in Engineering, head Department of Processing Equipment of Stock-Raising and Overworking Enterprises Stavropol State Agricultural University Stavropol, Russia [email protected]
Elena Kapustina
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Department of Statistics and Econometrics Stavropol State Agricultural University Stavropol, Russia [email protected]
Educational standards of new generation provide competence-based approach in educational process, predetermining result of training not in sum of acquired information, but in ability of a university graduate to solve various production problems effectively. The result of process of education is a set of the acquired knowledge, abilities, experience of activity and competences of a certain volume and complexity. Interactive training methods allow making the most effective solution of this complex problem by the expense of an orientation of educational process on a student. The major role has estimated formation indices of students' knowledge and abilities. High quality and operational management of educational process is impossible without these indices, which increase efficiency of educational.
It is expedient to formation represent indices of knowledge through ability of students to carry out intellectual operations, which can be objectively measured (Fig. 1 ).
Possession of concepts includes:
- recognition and definition of concepts (comparison of terms and definitions, designing of definitions, concepts);
- disclosure of concepts volume (characteristic of the nomenclature of objects and phenomena generalized by concept and their classification);
- disclosure of concept content (characteristic of essential signs of objects or phenomena reflected by the concept);
- establishment of logic interrelations between concepts in conceptual system (allocation of hierarchical and associative connections between concepts, creation of
logically ordered terminological schemes).
Possession of facts is knowledge of facts, i.e. description of facts, their reference to context of studied material, time, etc., ability to define logic of interrelation and relations (hierarchical and associative) between facts. Possession of scientific perspective predetermines:
- recognition of scientific problems in context of training;
- formation of scientific problems, proceeding from a concrete problem situation;
- possession of solutions ways of the problem.
FIGURE 1. INDICES OF KNOWLEDGE FORMATION
Possession of theories is first of all recognition and correlation of theory with context of studied material, ability to disclose its contents, basic provisions, proofs, predictive opportunities and conclusions. Skills of practical application of theory relate here.
Possession of laws is recognition or formulation of law according to context of studied material, disclosure of law contents (characteristic of essence, conditions and borders of manifestation, application) and characteristic of actions connected with its application.
Additional formation index of knowledge is possession of methods and procedures, including:
- recognition of a method, procedure in context of studied material;
- disclosure of maintenance of a method, procedure (characteristic of actions and operations making essence of a method, procedure and logical sequence of their application) and characteristic of conditions of their application.
Estimated indices of abilities are the real actions or their complexes, which are carried out relatively to a set practical of tasks in training context (Fig. 2).
Estimated indices of abilities are specific actions (complexes of actions), which are carried out relatively to objectives in training context practical application.
FIGURE 2. FORMATION INDICES OF STUDENTS' ABILITIES
In structure of any action, it is expedient to allocate general elements, which realization is necessary for reproduction of each concrete ability. Possession of these abilities can serve as objective diagnostic formation indices of ability. The main of them are the following:
- creation of algorithm (sequence) of actions to perform specific actions in structure of ability;
- modeling and planning of practical performance of actions making the ability;
- performance of a complex of actions making the ability;
- introspection of results of actions making ability in comparison to activity purpose.
The important component of educational process is control and assessment of students' results. The assessment of knowledge makes the process of measurement of assimilation level one of the major and difficult problems of educational process. A mark as a unit to measure knowledge and abilities carries itself few data on quality of educational process and does not give information for its improvement.
The concept "control" is considered as an external structural organization of training process and as a part of training process.
There are the following forms of control:
1. By place, which it takes in educational process: introduction, current, thematic,
total.
2. By form: individual and frontal.
3. By way of conducting: oral, written and practical.
Introduction control is necessary for obtaining data on initial level of students' cognitive activity and their specific features. It allows to determine the initial level of knowledge, skills and abilities of trainees.
Current control is one of the main types to check formation of students' knowledge, skills and abilities. The main objective of current control is regular management of educational activity of trainees and its adjustment. Besides carrying out current control stimulates systematic and purposeful work of students, stirs up their cognitive activity and allows to determine the level of independent work.
Periodic (thematic) control allows to determine quality of assimilation of training material on certain subjects. As a rule, it provides check of mastering certain knowledge, skills and abilities as a result of studying rather large volume of information. Such control is carried out on specially planned lessons several times a semester.
Total control is the integrating control directed on check of final training results, identification of level of students' knowledge, skills and abilities, received during training course.
Observance of requirements of a modern teaching technique makes to a certain extent ways of searching effective forms for problem solution, methods and ways of monitoring procedure and correction of educational activity of students (examinations, tests, control, term papers, etc.) the derivative ways, as all of them are the achievement means for objective to train students. Therefore use of formation indices of knowledge and abilities allows to realize the principle of objectivity in assessment of students results and to raise the qualitative side of educational process.
REFERENCES
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