CC BY
0УДК 33 Owezberdiyeva A., Artykov G., Begmyradov A.
Owezberdiyeva A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Artykov G.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Begmyradov A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
FOREIGN TRADE AGREEMENT (CONTRACT): CONCEPT, MAIN SECTIONS
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of the foreign trade agreement (contract): concept, main sections. It also discusses the structure and content of the Foreign Trade Agreement and the chapters of the Foreign Trade Agreement.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, purchase, sale foreign trade agreement, agreement, productive investments, competitiveness.
The result of negotiations between the parties is a foreign trade agreement. A foreign trade agreement (contract) is a legal contract concluded for a certain period of time between an importer and an exporter for buying and selling, shipping products, carrying out any business, and providing services and specifying the rights and obligations of the parties, as well as commercial, financial and other terms of the agreement. is a formalized agreement.
A foreign trade contract is a basic document that stipulates the obligation of the exporter to hand over the goods to the importer, who undertakes to accept them and pay the price specified in the contract.
A foreign trade agreement is legally binding only if it contains the essential terms of the agreement. According to the Civil Code, "the subject of the contract, the conditions specified as important by law or legislative documents or necessary for this type of contract, as well as the conditions that must be agreed upon by one of the parties, are essential conditions."
The structure and content of the foreign trade agreement is determined by the agreement of the parties during the negotiations and is conditioned by the uniqueness of the market and the specifics of the legislation.
A foreign trade agreement consists of the following sections: Section 1. The "General Provisions" include information about the exporter and importer, the legal names of the parties, the name and registration number of the contract, the place and date of signature. Chapter 2. "Subject of the contract" defines the type of transaction (which is indicated in its name), the name of the transaction subject, its characteristics and type. Section 3. "Purchase amount" indicates the name of the unit of measurement of the amount, the method of determining it, and the system of weights and measures. Section 4. Information on how to determine the quality of the purchase (standard, specification, model, etc.). Section 5. "Contract price and total amount" includes information about the purchase price and the unit of measure used to determine the price, the method of determining and recording the price, the level of the price and the total amount of the contract that the buyer must pay the seller in any amount. Section 6. "Construction conditions" the obligation of the seller to ensure that the cargo is delivered to the specified geographical point at the cost of the price specified in the contract, or that the goods are loaded on the means of transport or handed over to the transport organization, who provides transportation of the goods by sea and air transport within the borders of the seller's and buyer's countries, transit countries, and at whose expense, seller's obligations regarding packaging and labeling of goods, obligations of the parties to formalize commercial documents, determines
the place, time, etc., when the risk of accidental damage to or loss of the goods passes from the seller to the buyer.
Section 7. "Delivery dates" indicate the purchase delivery dates (month, quarter, year) and the date (calendar days) when they should be delivered to the geographical points specified by the counterparties. Section 8. "Terms of payment" indicate the terms of payment (money and terms) agreed by the parties, the method and order of settlements between them, guarantees of the fulfillment of mutual payment obligations by the parties, and others. Section 9. "Delivery-Acceptance in terms of quantity and quality" includes the terms of order delivery-receipt: the type, time and place of actual delivery-receipt (business, warehouse, port, station, etc.), the quantity of the actual shipment and the types of quality control and the methods of their determination, by whom it is accepted and delivered are indicated. Section 10. "Packaging" includes information on types of packaging, nature and payment methods. Section 11. "Penalties" describes the method of determining the amount of penalties and damages to be paid. In this case, the amount of fines can be indicated in a fixed amount of money or as a percentage of the total value of the purchase that has not been fully delivered. Section 12. "Force majeure" includes a list of unforeseen circumstances or circumstances called force majeure, the occurrence of which allows the parties to postpone the terms of performance of the agreements or relieves the parties from the fulfillment of their obligations under the agreement in whole or in part.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
