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12Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
FEEDING REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICE DOGS AND METHODS FOR
CALCULATING FEED CONSUMPTION
Alisher Anvarjonovich Ergashev
Tashkent branch of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, of Livestock
and Biotechnology
This article provides detailed information on how to feed dogs according to the ration and how to maintain a daily feed consumption for a night and a monthly calculation of food products that provide the physiological norm of the dog's extigo to nutrients.
Keywords: dogs, diet, fat, meat, fish, feed, feed proteins, fats, mineral salts, carbohydrates, vitamins, water and eggs
Ushbu maqolada itlar ratsion bo'yicha oziqlantirilishi va itlarning to'yimli moddalarga bo'lgan extiyoji fiziologik me'yorini ta'minlovchi ozuqa maxsulotlarining bir kecha-kunduzlik jamlanmasi hamda oylik hisobini yuritish kunlik ozuqalar sarfi batafsil ma'lumot berilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: itlar, parhez, yog ', go'sht, baliq, ozuqa, ozuqa oqsillari, yog'lar, mineral tuzlar, uglevodlar, vitaminlar, suv va tuxum
В данной статье дана подробная информация о том, как кормить собак по рациону и как поддерживать суточный расход корма на ночь и месячный расчет пищевых продуктов, обеспечивающих физиологическую норму экстиго собаки к питательным веществам.
Ключевые слова: собаки, рацион, жир, мясо, рыба, корма, кормовые белки, жиры, минеральные соли, углеводы, витамины, вода и яйца.
INTRODUCTION
The fact that dogs lead a balanced lifestyle and have a high performance is directly related to their proper feeding. Proper nutrition means that in accordance with the feeding regimen, physiologically grounded norms of nutrient requirements and nutrition on a high-quality and consistent diet (table 1), it is carried out according to a special program for calculating the schedule for dogs of age, medium and large breeds.
Based on the table above, this is a program to quickly and easily calculate the daily dietary requirements of service dogs based on diet, age, gender and diet.
ABSTRACT
ANNOTATSIYA
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 21 ISSUE 10
educational, natural and social sciences -------- JtV ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022:5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
Proper dietary nutrition has a positive effect on the health, growth, development, physique and weight of a dog. It is an important factor in maintaining your dog's strength and performance.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Violation of the rules of nutrition dramatically reduces the quality of practical training (dressing) and their use. In many cases, serious illness can lead to weight loss and sometimes death of the dog. The smoothness of the processes occurring in the body largely depends on the quality of their nutrition. Proper nutrition is only possible when the quantity and quality of the feed provided is adjusted to the physiological nutritional needs of the dogs. Poor nutrition and overfeeding of dogs can damage reproductive cells, fetal development and the quality of the offspring
The degree of nutritional value of nutrients in kilocalories (kcal)
Table 1
t/r Feed name 100 grda Kcal. medium breed daily norm Kcal large breed daily norm Kcal
1 chopping (rice) 344,0 0,075 258 0,15 516
2 barley 354,0 0,075 265,5 0,15 531
3 oats 328,0 0 0
4 wheat 335,0 0 0
5 Meat 274,0 0,112 306,88 0,14 383,6
6 byproducts 241,0 0,12 289,2 0,15 361,5
7 Carrots 35,0 0,015 5,25 0,025 8,75
8 onion 47,0 0,01 4,7 0,02 9,4
9 Beets 43,0 0,015 6,45 0,02 8,6
10 Cabbage 27,0 0,02 5,4 0,03 8,1
11 Salt 0,0 0,005 0 0,008 0
12 Sut 59,0 0 0
13 potatoes 77,0 0,02 15,4 0,025 19,25
14 turnip 32,0 0,02 6,4 0,03 9,6
15 feed Shappi 350,0 0,1 350 0,2 700
16 Eggs 158,0 0 0
Total 1513,2 2555,8
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
The dog belongs to the category of wild animals and consumes mainly meat. It is necessary to take into account the specific physiological characteristics of the digestive system so that an unhealthy diet does not negatively affect the body. The body constantly uses the necessary substances for various chemical and biological processes. In order for the body to continue its activity, it must fully compensate for the consumed substances. Substances that enter the body under the action of enzymes perform this initial function.
Nutrients are food chemicals (protein, fat, minerals, carbohydrates, vitamins, and water) that are metabolically absorbed into the dog's body and used to keep the dog alive.
The value of a food product is characterized by its ability to meet the nutritional needs of dogs, to ensure their health and working capacity. Nutrition depends on its nutritional, biological and energy value.
The nutritional value of a product is determined by the quantitative composition of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, mineral salts and vitamins.
The biological value of a nutrient is determined by the amount of quality proteins and fats it contains. Animal products: Meat, fish, milk and dairy products are among the sources rich in protein. The proteins in these products contain all the essential amino acids, are easily broken down in the gastrointestinal tract and are well absorbed. Proteins are 1.2 times more biologically valuable and effective than vegetable proteins.
Protein is needed by dogs for the regeneration of body tissues and the production of protein in the milk of lactating females. Lack of protein in the diet leads to a delay in the growth and development of dogs, impaired mating function, difficulty in assimilating nutrients in the diet, and a decrease in the body's fight against diseases. Excessive protein in the diet is also bad for the dog. Optimal Protein Requirements: 4.5 grams for adult dogs and 9.0 grams for puppies per kg body weight. When service dogs are doing normal work, the protein requirement increases by about 30 percent. Protein demand also increases when adult females are pregnant, breastfeeding, or when the strain on males and other dogs increases dramatically.
The energy value or calorific value of a nutrient consists of the amount of energy present in proteins, carbohydrates and fats released during biochemical oxidation. Power (energy) of the function of an internal organ. Muscle and motor tone are also needed to maintain a certain body temperature, and so on. Energy is produced from proteins, fats and carbohydrates and determines the overall level of nutrition and is characterized by the amount of total (ie) Energy, expressed in
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
kilojoules. It was found that one gram of protein in the body is oxidized: 16.7 kJ: 1 gram of fat releases 37.7 kJ, and 1 gram of carbohydrates releases 15.7 kJ of energy: 4,186 kJ of energy. Energy requirements depend on the dog's weight, ambient temperature, coat condition, sex, age, body composition, muscle function, the physiological condition of the dog and the bitch's throat. Their energy demand at night decreases in summer and increases by an average of 15 percent in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the caloric content of food supplied to male dogs and females, adult and young dogs, dogs with lean muscles and raw dogs, angry dogs, cold-blooded males and females, pregnant and lactating females. As the work progresses, the demand for energy will increase. For example, average dog work increases consumption by 20-30 percent. The amount of energy expended on work depends on the training level of the dog and the breed. Lack of energy in the diet leads to weight loss, and excess energy leads to obesity.
Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, fiber, etc.) are an important source of energy in the body. In particular, fiber helps to stretch and shrink the intestines. Optimal carbohydrate requirement: 1 kg. live weight - 10 g for adult dogs, including fiber - 1 g, for dogs - 15.8 g, as well as fiber - 1.5 g. The need for carbohydrates in adult dogs is inversely proportional to the fat content in the diet. giving too much sugar and starch makes them thick.
To fats. The nutritional value of fats is determined by the presence and high calorie content of vital fatty acids that make up the cells of the body. The optimal need for fat in adult dogs is 1.32 g per 1 kg of live weight, in dogs - 2.64 g. Lack of fat in the diet of dogs is accompanied by growth retardation, impaired urinary function, hypovitaminosis, skin diseases, dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, peeling, salivation, hair depigmentation and others. It is harmful and too much fat in the diet.
Vitamins. Vitamin A (retinol) is found in fish oils, dairy products, egg yolks, vegetables, and fish liver. This vitamin improves vision, promotes metabolism, accelerates growth, and increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - found in cabbage, potatoes, herbs, feed yeast, liver, increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases, provides protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Vitamin V1 (aneurin) - found in rye and wheat flour, bread, oatmeal, meat, vegetables, yeast. Promotes the complete oxidation of carbohydrates in the body, has a positive effect on the nervous system.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Vitamin V2 (riboflavin) - found in yeast, rye and wheat bread, potatoes, cabbage, meat, oatmeal, accelerates growth processes, renews tissues, and improves the absorption of nutrients.
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol) - is found in fish oil, milk, liver; in the absence of this vitamin, the bones of the skeleton soften and bend.
Vitamin RR (nicotinic acid) - found in rye bread, oatmeal, meat, fish, potatoes, is involved in the body's metabolism.
Water. Dogs can't tolerate dehydration compared to hunger, they suffer a lot. The need for drinking water for adult dogs is 40 ml per 1 kg of live weight, for puppies - 80-120 ml. The need for water depends on the nature of the food, the season, the work performed, and so on. The demand for it increases sharply during large-scale works and in the summer. The drinking water provided must be clean, clear, odorless and warm. Since contaminated water is a source of infectious diseases, dogs are not allowed to drink water from ponds, small bodies of water, and streams and rivers that flow through settlements.
Food products. For feeding they are given meat, head, intestines, porridge, bread, potatoes and vegetables. In addition, puppies and lactating females are fed eggs, milk and cottage cheese.
The meat is considered the most nutritious. In most cases, low varieties of beef and lamb are used. Raw meat is consumed boiled. A good lean brick is needed, because fatty meat has a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
Typical architects of meat in the diet: for adult service dogs - 400 gr., For strong puppies up to 2 months old - 50-200 gr., For strong puppies 2-4 months old - 200-400 gr., For 4-6 months old. - 400 gr. 500 gr. , 500-600 grams for a period from 6 months to 1 year. to shape.
Dry foods: these are pedigree, chappy. Special dry substances include protein, fat, mineral salts, carbohydrates, vitamins, water, amino acids, fish and bone meal. They are very useful, consume, replace energy, and work with appetite. Currently, unit costs can be high, more pedigree dogs are employed, and dogs are not being fed in kennels. They are replaced by ten meat ones. On business trips with him working dogs, it is very good to change dogs in a mountain or steppe, desert. From those who uploaded themselves to NCC. Dry cases are processed only on business trips.
Bones: Long-term bone loss can lead to a general weakening of the dog's skeleton.
Milk and cottage cheese: puppies, pregnant and lactating females are very valuable food for sick, malnourished dogs.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Puppies, pregnant and lactating females, sick and males are fed with eggs during the mating period.
Beef fats: (beef fat, mixed fats) are given in the colder months of the year in addition to the diet at the rate of 20-30 g per day.
Wheat, millet, beets, barley, rice porridge form the basis of the diet. Vegetables: (carrots, beets, potatoes, cabbage) are a source of vitamins, digestible carbohydrates, minerals, organic acids and fiber.
Nutritional supplements - yeast, vitamin preparations, bone meal, salt, etc. Also rich in vitamins and minerals. Fodder yeast and brewer's yeast contain B vitamins, which are administered at night, and during the mating season - 20-30 g for males and 5-10 g for dogs.
Dogs are fed according to the diet. The diet is a set of food that meets the physiological norms of the dog's nutritional requirements, as well as a daily calculation of the monthly food intake.
CONCLUSION
This is achieved through the exchange of meat products, cereals and vegetables. If dogs are of average weight and weight does not change, the diet is considered to be correct. Conversely, if dogs lose weight, they will be malnourished and over-fed. Strict adherence to food standards is a prerequisite for quality nutrition. It is necessary to monitor the appetite of dogs, because the lack of appetite in food indicates the wrong structure of the diet. The cooked food should be varied, tasty and flavorful. This ensures fast absorption of nutrients.
High quality nutritious soup - cooked in the form of porridge. Before laying it out, it should be cooled to 30-35 degrees. Each dog is provided with containers from 2 to 5 liters: one for food, the other for water. The dishes are washed after each meal, and the drinking water in the second dish is changed daily.
The cooking method described above has been used in practice for many years and has proven to be effective.
REFERENCES
1. "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" Tashkent 2010
2. "Fundamentals of Cynology", Tashkent, 2006
3. Erasulimsky E.L. "Dog extermination and its evaluation" Moscow, 2002.
4. Stekolnikov A.A. "Nutrition and Diseases of Dogs and Cats": Handbook. SPb: Publisher "Lan", 2005.
