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Section 1. Biology
Aliyev Bahman Musa oglu, Ph D., in Biology, docent, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Qabilov Malik Yusif oglu, PhD., in Biology, docent, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Aliyeva ilaha Fizuli qizi, PhD., in Biology, Senior lecturer, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, E-mail: ilahaaliyeva@inbox.ru
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE CASTANEA SATIVA MILL
Abstract: One of the most valuable tree species, which has the most diverse application. Very valuable fruit tree. In addition, it has valuable wood, is a good tanning, dyeing, nectar source plant and very decorative. Chestnut kernels are very nutritious and used for food in boiled, baked and raw form.
Keywords: Castanea sativa, anatomical, structure, vegetative organs.
The tree is up to 30-35 m in height and 1.5-2 m in ful core root system. Heat-loving breed, strongly suffers diameter, with a wide, spreading crown. The buds are from frostbite [4].
large, ovate in dark brown color. Leaves are 10-25 cm The main constituent of chestnut nuts is carbohy-
long, narrowed to the base, glabrous from above, dense- drates, to a lesser extent proteins and fats. In immature ly pubescent from below. The petiole is 1.5-2.5 cm chestnut nuts, a high content of vitamin C (1500 mg% long. Staminate flowers are yellowish, fragrant, pistil in fresh fruits) and a significant amount ofvitamin B are flowers 1-3, in glomeruli. Fruit is a nut. Propagates by found. Chestnut leaves contain the highest amount of nuts and gives a great shoot of stump and root offspring. vitamin K (600-800 biological units) among plants. Tan-The best results are given by autumn crops. For spring nins are found in wood, bark, leaves and nuts. From the sowing it is necessary to store the seeds in winter on bark, as well as from the leaves of young branches, black dry areas. Trees of sprouts origin bear fruit from the and brown colors are obtained. Fruit oil, bark extract and age of12-16, in planting on the 25-40th year; full fruit- leaves are used in medicine. The wood is sound, light ing comes from age 50. In the harvest years, one adult brown, when stored, becomes reddish brown, light, hard, chestnut tree gives 50-65 kg of chestnuts. From one very strong, used in construction [3]. hectare of chestnut trees an average of one ton of nuts High decorative qualities of the tree are due to the
is collected [1]. powerful growth, beautiful bark, huge spreading bark,
Rapidly growing and very durable breed, reaching beautiful large foliage. In green construction is suitable the age of more than 1000 years. In the forest, chestnuts for creating avenues, deserves a wide breeding in the older than 200 years of age are rare. Develops a power- gardens.
Anatomical analysis of vegetative organs of the Castanea sativa Mill
The leaf has a dorsoventral structure. The adaxial side of a sheet is strictly different from the abaxial. The leaf on both sides is covered with a single-layered epidermis. In the transverse section, the epidermal cells are small, the cell walls are thin. Over the epidermis is located the
cuticle layer. The leaf is hypostomatic, stomata are small, sparse, randomly oriented. On the upper epidermis stomata are not observed. Under the epidermis, the cells of the palisade parenchyma are located in one row. Inside the spongy parenchyma is observed [2]. There is a strong development of the central vein, over which there is a protrusion.
Figure 1 Anatomical structure of the leaf of the Castanea sativa - 1 - epidermis, 2 - palisade parenchyma, 3 - spongy parenchyma, 4 - xylem, 5 - phloem, 6 - mechanical fibers
The petiole of the leaf is covered with a single-row epidermis with papillae. Under the epidermis are located in 3-4 rows of the cage of the angular col-lenchyma. The mass of the stalk structure is the main parenchyma. The main weight of the petiole is oc-
cupied by the conducting tissue. Conductive bundles are of various sizes: large and small, bicollateral. The bundles surround the 6-7-row of sclerenchyma. Orientation of xylem and phloem is centripetal, xylem rays are numerous.
Figure 2 Anatomical structure of the petiole of the Castanea sativa -1 - epidermis, 2 - trichome, 3 - angular collenchyma, 4 - parenchyma, 5 - sclerenchyma, 6 - phloem, 7 - xylem, 8 - reserve nutrients
A young shoot with a 4-5-row periderm. Under the sive, occupies 1/3 of the diameter of the central cylinder,
periderm in 3-4 rows is located chlorenchyme, rich in the vessels are small and large. Xylem is surrounded by
chloroplasts. Chlorenchyme cells participate in the syn- phloem. Over phloem, sclerenchyma formed a circle of
thesis of organic substances. The main parenchyma occu- 4-5 rows of cells. The pith consists of large isodiometric
pies 45-50% of the mass of the shoot. The xylem is exten- cells. Such a structure is peculiar to a young shoot.
Figure 3. Anatomical structure of the shoot of the Castanea sativa - 1 - cork, 2 - cortical parenchyma, 3 - mechanical fibers, 4 - xylem, 5 - core, 6 - cambium, 7 - phloem
The primary structure of the root is tetrarhic. Out- root hairs [5]. Primary cortex is extensive, its cells are side, the root is covered with periderm with numerous large, filled with starch.
Figure 4. Anatomical structure of the root of the Castanea sativa - 1 - epilblem, 2 - exoderm, 3 - mesoderm, 4 - endoderm, 5 - phloem, 6 - xylem, 7 - root hairs
Conclusions esis and death processes underlying the selection of life
Thus, the structure ofvegetative organs reflects their forms. function and the formation environment. Histological Anatomical signs can be used in the characterization
structures reflect the intensity of the growth, organogen- and classification of life forms.
References:
1. Flora of Azerbaijan.- Baku. - 1961.
2. Gumbatov Z. I. Morphology and anatomy of plants. - 2017. - 692 p.
3. Gurbanov E. A. Systematics of higher plants.- 2009.- 420 p.
4. Mammadov T. S., Iskender E., Talibov T. Rare trees and bushes ofAzerbaijan.- 2014.- 380 p.
5. Tutayuk V. Kh. Anatomy and morphology of plants. - 1980. - 316 p.
