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Mamedova Ainur Akif kyzy Azerbaijan State Pedaqogical University,Baku, DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2020-12133 FEATURES OF THE EXPRESSION OF IRONY IN THE CREATIVITY OF J. AUSTEN
Аннотация.
В статье уточняется лингвистический статус иронии, исследуется ее формирование, функциональность, причины ее использования в литературном тексте, способы выражения, виды иронии, роль этой фигуры в раскрытии характера образов изучается на основе Романы Джейн Остин. Определение иронии определяется наличием лингвистических и экстралингвистических факторов. Предпринята попытка прояснить сходства и различия между типами иронии контекстуальной, ситуационной, авторской, характерной и драматической иронии, особенностями Использование лексических и лексико-грамматических, семантических средств в реализации иронии. Значимость этого события определяется в зависимости от иронического значения, языка личностного, подтекста и т. д., созданного с учетом внелингвисти-ческих компонентов. Использование различных Методы создания иронической оценки проистекают из стремления автора раскрыть внутренний мир персонажей и образов в произведении искусства, познакомить их с Читатель не только через описание, но и другими способами, чтобы сформировать определенное отношение в читателе. Исследования показывают, что ирония зависит от речи, особенностей формирования как языка личности писателя. Автор представляет иронию на своем родном языке на фоне отношения персонажей друг к другу. Характерная ирония отражена в диалогических речах в работе, и кому она адресована, определяется этими диалогами. Авторская ирония раскрывается в процессе повествования автора. широко используются в творчестве Остина, что делает изучение иронии на основе творчества автора актуальным.
Abstract.
The article clarifies the linguistic status of irony, explores its formation, functionality, the reasons for its use in the literary text, means of expression, types of irony, the role of this figure in revealing the character of images are studied on the basis ofJane Austen's novels. The definition of irony is determined by the presence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors.An attempt is made to clarify the similarities and differences between the types of irony of contextual, situational, author, character and dramatic irony,the features of the use of lexical and lexico-gram-matical, semantic means in the realization of irony. The significance of this event is determined depending on the ironic meaning, language personal, subtext, etc., created by taking into account the extralinguistic compo-nents.The use of various methods of creating an ironic assessment stems from the author's desire to reveal the inner world of the characters and images in the work of art, to introduce them to the reader not only through description, but also by other means, to form a certain attitude in the reader. Research shows that irony depends on the speech, features offormation as language personal of the writer. The author presents the irony in their own language against the background of the relationship of the characters to each other. Character irony is reflected in the dialogic speeches in the work, and to whom it is addressed is determined by these dialogues.Author's irony is revealed in the process of author's narration.Subtextmeaning and implicit play a special role in giving irony. Various types of irony are widely used in Austin's creativity, which makes the study of irony based on the author's creativity relevant.
Ключевые слова: стиль, ирония, авторская ирония, драматическая ирония, словесная ирония
Keywords: style, irony, author's irony, dramatic irony, verbal irony
The irony as a literary and linguistic phenome-nonin a literary textis the negative assessment of the character,activity ofhuman movement, interpersonal relationships in real life, and the partial expression of such an assessment in an implicit form.Different images, figures, characters are created in the work of art.While presenting different characters, images and figures to the reader, the author tries to reveal their inner world, typical character traits, and in many cases also clarifies his attitude.Some aspects of the character of the image are conveyed through irony in an eyecatching humorous form. In this sense, irony is close to humor, satire, and comedy in general.
The irony is not only in the author's speech, but also in the speech of the characters. This is natural.Be-cause the attitude of the participants of the eventsthat
take place in the work of art to each other also plays a decisive role in revealing the general content of the text.There are works of art in which the author creates a gallery of certain images, and by revealing the nature of these images, he tries to penetrate into the inner world of the image, to reveal more deeply the relationship of the characters to each other.The novels of the English writer Jane Austen are of great interest in this regard. The subjects that the figures of these novels are most often discussed and evaluated are those around them.More precisely, in these works, each character thinks about all the actions and activities of other characters, evaluates them from their own point of view.In Austin's novels, the main line of development goes through the conversations of those who are gathered to-
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gether or about others. It is true that in such conversations, the attitude of the parties to each other is not left out of attention.
It is clear that in the works of art, the subject line is written around the protagonists, and they are the main participants in the events.In the process of the creativity of literary text, the author tries to present the character of the protagonists, reveals their characteristics, and at the same time uses irony.Irony is an aesthetic category and is interpreted as "hidden laughter", "rhetorical metaphor", "speech figure". However, there are no clear criteria for determining irony. Various researchers studied irony as a linguistic phenomenon in linguistics [Monica Grzela-Pryba, 2016; SANDEEP KUMAR, 2014; Glicksberg, Ch., 1969; Knox, Norman. 1961; Muecke, D. C., 1982].The issue of irony has been explored to a certain extent in the works of different authors, including Jane Austen. Researchers have viewed irony as a contradiction between true and hidden meaning, as well as the author's implicit approach to the event presented [See: Bolen 1973; Perrine 1993].
T.V.Limareva studied irony from a semantic and logical-axiological point of view, tried to clarify the similarities and differences between irony and satire, sarcasm, joke, humor, to classify ironic expressions in Russian and English [Limareva 1997].
It is possible to distinguish two different kinds of Irony.The first of these is valued as a stylistic tool. The second type of irony is used more in dramatic works and serves to enhance the effect on the reader (spectator).
Literary text uses the expression of irony through lexical, syntactic and textual means.The lexical means of irony are polysemanticwords, free and fixed word combinations, author's neologisms.Specializations are used as synthetic means.Ironically, the system of textual means is wider. This includes repetitions, situations, allusions, parodies, and so on.
In Jane Austen's novels, epithets, repetition, hyperbole, anaphora,stereotypes, and rhetorical questions are widely used to express irony. The gallery of images created by the writer is rich. Of course,the author does not target all his images to irony.There are images that the writer approaches it in a positive way throughout the work, does not make his actions and behavior an object of laughter, on the contrary, tries to form a positive attitude towards this image in the reader.
When describing the small provincial society, its members, and their way of life and behavior, Austin not only focuses on the images he creates, but also analyzes and describes sphere of interest, the rules of behavior and household that affect moral and spiritual val-ues.This aspect is always in the center of attention in all the works of the writer. In this regard, the novel "Pride and Prejudice" is of greater interest.The author has always focused on the epicenter of the events that the novel skillfully depicts, squeezing the main theme, composition and subject area.The members of the aristocratic society in the province are fathers, mothers, relatives, friends, neighbors and young people.The first important condition for being a full member of this aristocratic society is property, and this property must ensure that both its present and future owners live in the
same way of life and household.It is no coincidence that the country house is conceptualized in the novel. The reason is that the ownership factor is confirmed by the existence of the property.The mansion, as well as the property, is an essential condition for each of the people described and presented by the writer.Otherwise, the individual is left out of the existing aristocratic soci-ety.Austin approaches with irony to the society he describes by revealing the issue.Because this society draws a certain limited circle for people, or more precisely, for the members of the social stratum, forcing them to build their lives on this circle. This aspect is presented in the personage and author's speech at the beginning of the novel "Pride and Prejudice".
"It is a truth universallyacknowledged, that a single man in possession of a
good fortune, must be in want of a wife" [Austen Jane. Pride...].
It turns out that if a young man who has moved to a new area and owns a country house is looking for a wife, the girls living in that area, as well as the parents, are hunting such a husbands to their daughters.
The play then continues with a dialogue between Mrs. Bennett and her husband, and the following part of it attracts attention in terms of irony:
"- is he married or single?
- Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five
thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!
- How so? How can it affect them?
- My dear Mr.Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You
must know that i am thinking of his marrying one of them".
- Is that his design in settling here?
- Design! Nonsense, hove can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may
fall in love with one of them" [Austen Jane. Pride..].
At first glance, Mr. Bennett's "Is he married or single?" -question does not raise any additional com-ments.However, the connection with the theme of the search for wife and husband at the beginning of the work reveals the implicit meaning of irony.In other words, Mr. Bennett is interested in the young man who moved to the area where they live, whether he is married or single directly related to his daughters. However, this ironic meaning slightly moves into the background position in Mr. Bennett's later speech acts.At the same time, it is ironic that Mrs. Bennett's interest in this young man is related to the marriage of one of her daughters.Finally, the question Mr. Bennett's addressed his wife, "Is that his design insettling here?" is irony.He asks if his wife has any plans for the young man who moved into the neighborhood, and thus makes fun of Mrs. Bennett."Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so!"Irony is also strong in Mrs. Bennett's re-marks.Because the wife does not understand the implication, the subtext, the irony in the question asked by her husband,she comes to the conclusion that her husband is so naive,in response she turns him into an object of irony. That is, you stupid you do not understand an-ything.Thus, it is clear that J. Austin builds a system of
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successive ironies at the beginning of the novel.This irony refers to both the aristocratic society in which the characters live and to the two characters.In this section, the means of forming irony are contextual, appearing as textual means of irony.
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