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fact, in the field of analytical and calculations. He can read the description of the essence behind the numbers, and then instantly describes the idea of further deepening the analysis or doing the necessary work.
Thus, we see that the list of features of today's transport complex has a long list of features. There are many other features, however, because this theme can be continued indefinitely.
Another important attribute. The economist must be observant. Formation of stabilization funds, implementation of various economic scenarios, business plan options and programs, strict observance of the security limits of financial indicators - all these are elements of economic surveillance. And, of course, progress would be more sustainable if observation becomes more and more economical and non-economical.
Reference:
1.Ислом Каримовнинг "Юксак билимли ва интеллектуал ривожланган авлодни тарбиялаш - мамлакатни баркарор тараккий эттириш ва модернизация килишнинг энг мух,им шарти" мавзусидаги халкаро конференциянинг очилиш маросимидаги нутки // "Халк сузи", 2012 йил феврал.
2.Узбекистон Республикаси Президенти Шавкат Мирзиёевнинг Олий мажлисга мурожаати. // "Халк сузи", 2017 йил декабрь.
3. Мачерет Д.А. Практические приемы оперативного анализа производственно-экономических показателей // Экономика железных дорог. 2000, № 3. С. 14-17.
4.Бастиа Ф.Что видно и чего не видно//Челябинск:Социум.2006.
5. Samuelson P.A. Lessons from the Current Economic Expansion // The American Economic Review. 1974. V. 64 (2). P. 75-76.
UDC 368-06
Velieva F.E.
1st year graduate student of Faculty of Economics
Dagestan State University Russia, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF COMPULSORY AND VOLUNTARY HEALTH INSURANCE Abstract: The article reveals the features of compulsory and voluntary medical insurance. The author highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Also proposed solutions to the problem.
Keywords: medical insurance, health care system, funding, compulsory medical insurance, voluntary medical insurance
On the territory of the Russian Federation medical insurance works in the form of voluntary and compulsory health insurance. Compulsory health insurance is the system of the legal, economic and organizational measures guaranteeing delivery of health care to the insured person. As the main advantage of a system of
compulsory health insurance the possibility of the appeal of the insured person to any medical institution in the territory of the Russian Federation for the qualified help, despite the place residence of the insured and actually paid contribution acts. Services are, as a rule, provided by insurance companies, the medical organizations and funds at the expense of territorial and federal funds which are in turn formed at the expense of means of employers and the budgetary payments. Exactly thanks to it compulsory health insurance serves one and all citizens of the country, irrespective of a sex, age, the social status and the place of residence. [1]
However practice of compulsory health insurance in our country showed that its mechanism is not capable to provide high-quality and available medical services. In difficult cases to the patient often to have independently to pay treatment, not to mention turns and other "reefs" of compulsory health insurance. Minus is also the narrow and limited range of free services which can be rendered within this type of social insurance. The basic program includes primary health care, a disease-prevention service, ambulance and specialized help. In general now functioning of medical insurance in the Russian Federation can be considered inefficient and are the reasons of it:
1. lack of funding for the national health system
2. lack of financing of compulsory health insurance programs for insurance of the non-working population;
3. lack of motivation at health workers of the budgetary medical institutions in providing high-quality medical care; [3]
The social efficiency of compulsory health insurance has limited character and the population is still not fully satisfied with quality and availability of medical care. In our country the system of medical insurance practically doesn't consider positive experience of the western models. Patients remain aloof subjects of compulsory health insurance in view of the fact that decisions in the field of medical care for them are made by insurers, insurers, performers of medical services. In general it is possible to tell that the compulsory health insurance organization in the country such is that often the population is forced to pay even those services which are included in the Program of the state guarantees of rendering free medical care.
Numerous shortcomings of domestic compulsory health insurance stimulate consumers of medical services to look for additional protection of the risks within programs of voluntary health insurance. The major difference between compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance is that compulsory health insurance is carried out on the basis of the legislation, and voluntary health insurance - on the basis of the insurance contract between the insurer (the citizen, the employer) and insurance company. Voluntary health insurance is now an integral part of modern society as gives the chance to receive the most qualified and high-quality medical care which cannot be received according to the program of compulsory health insurance. The voluntary health insurance programs are available both to natural persons, and to the organizations that gives to the employer the good chance for stimulation and support of the personnel. The
contract of voluntary health insurance provides and guarantees rendering medical services within the insured sum which, as a rule, exceeds the price of insurance service (insurance premium). [2]
Insurance companies choose as partners the medical institutions which proved from the best party that allows owners of the policy of voluntary insurance to receive quality services also insurance company periodically controls quality of the rendered services. Except directly medical care — treatment, diagnostics, consultation the policy of voluntary health insurance can include service of transportation in medical institution, delivery of drugs, etc.
For today voluntary health insurance develops as a usual type of commercial insurance that results in need of expansion of volume of their insurance responsibility and increase in attractiveness for insurers.
Researchers, studying the current state in Russia of systems compulsory and voluntary health insurance, allocate as the main problem - a problem of indistinct division of systems, noting that they "have sometimes no clear boundary and partially compete" though it cannot be allowed as each system bears the mission, has specific duties.
It is possible to come to a conclusion that at the moment everyone has advantages and disadvantages. However, in spite of the fact that a main goal compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance one - is a social security of citizens of the country, a task and methods of their achievement at them absolutely different. So, if compulsory health insurance acts as one of options of ensuring constitutional rights of citizens, providing a minimum of the guaranteed medical services, then is based by voluntary health insurance on a voluntary basis and serves as addition to the system of obligatory medical insurance.
For this reason, for creation of the effective mechanism of medical support of the population of the country, the complex interrelation of two systems which will not compete among themselves is necessary, duplicating functions, and, on the contrary, will find the general common ground and will be able to increase transparency and efficiency of financing of a health care system. In this question, for the best improvement and settlement of functions between systems, the good legal base is necessary, only in that case insurers will have an opportunity to develop for the clients the combined programs of insurance and by that to increase level of credibility of citizens to the services.
Reference:
1. Arkhipov A.P. The directions of development of insurance companies in the conditions of market transformation//Finance.-2015.-№2. page 48-53;
2. Becker P.R. Compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance in Russia, problems and prospects//Economy and management: topical issues of the theory and practice-2015. page 27-33
3. Borodin A.F. About medical insurance / A.F. Borodin - Finance.-2014.-№ 15. page 40-42
