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8КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
(COMPUTER & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES)
УДК 681.53
Yazymov M.
Lecturer of the department "Modern computer technologies" International University for the Humanities and Development (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
Amanov K.
Student of the department "Modern computer technologies" International University for the Humanities and Development (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART HOME TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract: this article discusses the features of the development of smart home technologies. A cross and comparative analysis of the impact of modern technologies on meeting the social requirements of the population has been carried out.
Keywords: analysis, method, research, technology, smart home.
A smart home is a residential automation system that includes the control and management of light, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and security.
In addition, smart home appliances are an integral part of a smart home. The starting point of home automation was the emergence of household electrical appliances. From the beginning to the middle of the 20th century, an iron, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. were invented and introduced.
One of the first smart home projects was a six-room house by American engineer Emil Matias. In 1950, the Popular Mechanics magazine published an article
about him Push-Button Manor ("button house"). Matthias has equipped his home with many devices and buttons to control them. So, by pressing a button, Matthias could open the garage door, turn the radio on and off remotely. In addition, automatic alarm systems were installed in the house. To implement the project, Matthias spent more than two kilometers of cable (however, all wires, motors and other used devices were hidden in the walls and floor).
Another project of that period was ECHO IV (Electronic Computing Home Operator), which Jim Sutherland worked on in the 1960s. The ECHO IV device could control the temperature in the house, turn appliances on and off. However, it never went commercially.
An important milestone in the development of home automation was the emergence of the X10 standard, designed for electrical equipment. The standard was developed by the Scottish company Pico Electronics in 1975 and was used to control household devices. Data transmission took place over the electrical network.
The popularization of the smart home concept began in the late 1990s. For example, in 1999, Disney released the film "Smart Home", which tells about an automated house led by a robot maid. In the new millennium, this topic was raised in the cinema, the press more and more often.
The most active period in the development of smart home systems came in the 2000s and 2010s, which was facilitated by the massive spread of wireless communication technologies, the emergence of smartphones and the improvement of household appliances. So, in the 2010s, such giants of the IT industry as Apple, Samsung and Amazon presented their products and platforms for smart home, not to mention the many projects in this area from smaller companies.
The stages of development of smart homes can be divided into the following:
1. Introduction of wireless communication.
2. Implementation of artificial intelligence technologies.
3. Introduction of assistant robots.
Specifications
A smart home consists of various systems and devices:
- Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system with the possibility of remote control;
- Lighting control system;
- Smart meters, smart networks and solutions integrated with them;
- Security system that works in conjunction with other smart home systems;
- Sensors of leakage, smoke and other sensors;
- Systems of internal positioning.
Smart home systems use a large number of different protocols:
- KNX. The protocol works with radio frequencies, power line communications, twisted pair, Ethernet, and infrared data link. Supports data rates up to 9600 bps.
-X10. The protocol is used to transmit data using power line communications. X10 works in systems for remote control and monitoring of lighting fixtures and other home devices. The maximum data transfer rate is 20 bps.
-ZigBee. The data transfer rate in ZigBee networks can range from 20 to 250 kbps. Range - up to 100 m.
-C bus. The protocol works with data transmission over cable and radio frequencies. The range is up to 1000 meters with an information transfer rate of up to 3500 bps.
The use of "Smart Home" technology in an apartment has almost unlimited possibilities. If we talk about the main functions of the system, then they are as follows:
• Installation and control of the optimal temperature regime;
• Setting automatic lighting for different times of the day;
• Management of additional heating systems;
• Monitoring the operation of home appliances and engineering systems;
• Interaction with multimedia equipment;
• Prevention of gas and water leaks;
• Imitation of the presence of the owner in his absence in the house;
• Comprehensive security and much more.
The active use of technological devices has a number of advantages:
• Increasing the comfort of living. Optimum temperature, humidity level, ventilation of the room. When properly designed and configured for a smart home, nothing is impossible.
• The safety factor. Now you can trust automation to take care of your own life. Modern technologies enable the house not only to independently prevent almost any emergency situation, but also to minimize possible damage by taking the necessary measures. [4]
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2. Системы технического зрения. Справочник. / под ред. В.И. Сырямкина, В.С.Титова/ Томск: МГП «РАСКО». 1993.
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4. Бабаназаров, Н. Ш., А. Ш. Бабаназарова, and Л. О. Овезгелдиева. "РАЗРАБОТКА СТАНДАРТОВ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ПРОДУКЦИИ." Ресурсосбережение. Эффективность. Развитие. 2021.
