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91FEATURES OF SOME HOTELS IN ALMATY Aydar Yе.1, Mayorov S.M.2, Samoilov K.I.3
1Aydar Yerasyl - Bachelor of Arts, рost graduate Student;
2Mayorov Sergey Meirambekovich - Candidate of Architecture, Professor;
3Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - Doctor of Architecture, Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, KAZAKH NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: оver the past decade, a large number of technologies aimed at architects have appeared. Modern construction technologies help transform a building into a more efficient and cost-effective one. This article will discuss buildings in the city of Almaty and what architects have to face to implement the idea. Keywords: hotel, architecture, seismic resistance.
UDC 72.01 (574)
In the era of the heyday of new technologies and scientific and technological progress, the tourist and hotel business is rapidly developing, and every year the number of people who travel for leisure or work is growing. A hotel and tourist company must become a cozy and comfortable home for a tourist and meet all their expectations. In this case, the image of a hotel is a multi-faceted concept, and to create a positive image of the company, the Manager must achieve unity of form - the architectural idea of the building and the content-its high-quality functioning. The architecture of the hotel and tourist enterprise includes the external appearance of the building, the internal layout, and the landscape organization. Each of the components is important. The role of hotel architecture is extremely important. A successful architectural appearance becomes the most important factor that will make the first impression on the guest. Creating not just a structure, but creating a bright image is the goal that will be set for the architect. At the same time, it is important that the object was successfully inscribed in the surrounding landscape and in existing buildings.
Natural and climatic factors and cultural and historical features of a certain area often become the elements that dictate a particular architectural and planning decision of a hotel and tourist enterprise. A unique mix of modern architectural innovations and local color may be the most advantageous option in planning the hotel's architecture, since modern hotels are designed to impress with the boldness of forms and architectural solutions [1].
Many world-class hotels have been built in the city of Almaty, but all of them are not unusual and striking structures. One of them is the appearance of the first hotel of the International MARRIOTT chain in our Republic in the Esentai Park complex. The building itself is the tallest structure at this time in Almaty. The main building of the Yesentai Park is the 38-storey Yesentai tower, with a total area of about 83 thousand square meters. today, it is the tallest building in the entire Central Asia, its height reaches 167 meters. The strict regulatory requirements applied to this project significantly exceed the parameters used in the construction of such high-rise buildings in such earthquake-prone cities of the world as San Francisco, Los Angeles and Tokyo. Taking into account the location of Almaty in a seismic zone, a prestigious new York team of construction engineers- Leslie E.Robertson Associates (LERA) - was involved in the construction of the Yesentai tower. This engineering company has designed four of the highest buildings on the planet Earth, and their "skate" is to create giant structures in areas of high seismic activity. Leslie E. Robertson, chief engineer of the construction company "LERA" (USA), noted that to guarantee the strength of the Yesentai tower, Lera engineers use a special concrete structure designed for construction in a zone of high seismic hazard" [2]. These structures can bend, change shape, and still maintain their shape. Therefore, they withstand earthquakes of very high scores. Local experts from Almaty asked to strengthen these structures. And these structures are 70 percent longer than the usual ones, which means they are more monolithic blocks" [3].
The Esentai tower is designed to maximize the stunning effect of the surrounding landscape, as well as create an atmosphere filled with sunlight, with stunning panoramic views of the city and a transparent structure of load-bearing walls made of glass. The facade of the buildings is made of very transparent colorless glass, which is a crystal quartz.
Built in 1967, the Alma-Ata hotel set the standards for the country's new architectural style. The building was built using the most advanced technologies of the time, many of which were later used in the construction of residential buildings, cultural, household and administrative institutions throughout Kazakhstan.
The Alma-Ata project was developed in 1961 under the influence of Soviet modernism. In the major cities of the country, massive structures of modern construction made of reinforced concrete and glass appeared, the aesthetics of which consisted in simple geometric forms. Examples of the new style were the Ostankino tower, the Kremlin Palace of congresses, and the construction of NovyArbatstreet in Moscow. Almaty architects took into account all-Union and world trends, creating the appearance of their hotel.
The curved shape of the hotel, which is compared to the bow, then with the winding ridges of the TRANS-iliAlatau, appeared almost by accident. Initially, the architects planned to build a straight building along Kalinin street (now Kabanbay Batyr). Dinmukhamed Kunaev proposed the idea of bending the hull in the direction of Panfilov.
The hotel was the first high-rise building in the earthquake-prone zone. The designers of Alma-ATA paid great attention to security issues. The design of the hotel was tested on various models. Reinforced concrete units of crossbars were tested for power loads on special stands. The most convincing seismic test in real conditions was a powerful explosion during the construction of the mudflow dam on Medeo. In October 1966 in the maloalmatinsky gorge was eroded more than 5 thousand tons of explosives. The blast wave caused an artificial earthquake. Employees of the Institute "Kazpromstroiniiproekt"(future Kazniissa) under the leadership of academician Zhunusov conducted unique tests on the seismic resistance of panel houses. The almost completed hotel building was also checked for seismic stability. "Alma-Ata" passed all the tests with dignity.
The architects of "Alma-Ata" sought to achieve the elegance and lightness of their creation. For this purpose, a relatively new technology was used-prestressed floor slabs that can experience significant tensile loads and have increased crack resistance. Thanks to this, the thickness of the 6-meter floor coverings was significantly reduced: from 20 cm to 12 cm.
During the construction of the hotel, great attention was also paid to the comfort of guests. Alma-ATA became the first hotel with a modern hot water and heat supply system. At the suggestion of the engineer, Xenide heating system was built right into the walls, in the interior space. Pipes were laid in the concrete partitions to circulate warm water.
At the final stages of construction, there was a question of choosing the material for the balcony fencing tapes. There were several options, but in the end we decided to install stemalit-tempered glass with a dye fused into it on the back side. Due to the special production technology, this type of glass differs in strength in comparison with the usual one. From several variants of color schemes, the authors of the hotel chose white, with a slightly bluish tint, similar to the sky on a Sunny day. For contrast, the ceilings between the balconies of the rooms were made of gray stemalite. Materials such as marble and Kurdai granite were used in the decoration of the lobbies and halls of the floors. The ceilings of the halls on each floor were decorated with decorative round niches, giving a sense of futuristic space [4].
At this time, the hotel has undergone several restoration works, the last of which dramatically changed the appearance of the hotel, the balcony railings made of blue Alucobond were removed. The building's concrete frame and floor coverings were lined with white aluminum plates. Balcony railings have become transparent stained-glass Windows.
Built in 1977 in the city of Alama-Ata, the Kazakhstan hotel has become the country's first high-rise building with its 26 floors in the country's earthquake-prone area.
The project was developed for about two years and during this time has undergone significant changes. In terms of design, a variant of the most advanced solution for its time was chosen -
monolithic reinforced concrete. During construction, the building was tested using a special machine that simulates seismic tremors.
The authors of the project were awarded The State Prize of the Kazakh SSR in 1980 in the field of architecture. For the first time in the USSR, they designed a building with a height of 102 meters in a nine-point seismic zone. The 26-storey hotel has long been the tallest building in the city.
The building was built on the square. Abaya, an important urban development hub of the city. It included the Palace of the Republic, already built at that time, with which the hotel formed a bright ensemble - the high-rise dominant contrasted and harmoniously interfaced with the flattened horizontal volume. The effect is enhanced by the use of materials similar to the Palace of the Republic in the lining of the hotel "Kazakhstan" - shell stone, granite and anodized aluminum.
The hotel was designed for 1000 seats. One-, two-and three-room rooms are oriented to the West and East side with panoramic views of the mountains and the city [5]. A number of interesting features also have recently built hotels "Rixos Almaty", "Royal Tulip Almaty", "DoubleTree by Hilton Almaty", "Hotel Novotel Almaty City Center", "Maqan Hotel Almaty".
References
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2. Nomad Nomad newspaper. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://www.nomad.su/ (date of access: 19.02.2020).
3. International Kazakh server. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://www.kazakh.ru/ (date of access: 19.02.2020).
4. History Of the cultural building of the Soviet hotel. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://informburo.kz/stati/kak-alma-atu-edva-ne-snesli-istoriya-kultovogo-zdaniya-sovetskoy-gostinicy.html/ (date of access: 19.02.2020).
5. Hotel Kazakhstan. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://archcode.kz/objects/view?id=1/ (date of access: 19.02.2020).
