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Features of polychromic harmonization of open spaces of living environment
Section 2. Architecture
Sazonova Yuliya Fedorovna, Poltava National Technical University n. a. Yuriy Kondratyuk, Ph. D. of architecture sciences, associate professor of the Department of design of the architectural space E-mail: sazonova10@ukr.net
Features of polychromic harmonization of open spaces of living environment
Abstract: The features of a color harmonization of the living environment of open spaces. Necessary to achieve a balance of color combinations of natural and artificial elements of open space living environment. Defined by the leading role played by natural colors and combinations of colors.
Keywords: color harmonization, open space, living environment.
Living environment, being an important component of the architectural environment, includes a set of the architectural spaces and objects intended for people accommodation: residential houses and flats, systems of open spaces, which are located in close proximity to the housing (house adjoining spaces, spaces of the yards, communicative spaces).
Among the most important requirements of the organization of open spaces of the modern living environment we shall distinguish variability and orientation for the individualization of the environment answering to inquiries of particular consumers. It means that zones of open spaces have to be differentiated taking into account dissimilarity of the population groups and ways of life of various types of families.
The efficiency of the coloristic organization of open spaces plays an important role in formation of the visual living environment and promotes detection of unique esthetic characteristics of this environment, and also it can become correcting means for elimination of negative visual parameters [2; 4; 5].
Polychromic integrity of open spaces of the living environment is reached by means of establishment of harmonious links between palettes of elements of the natural and artificial environment taking into account dynamics of lighting and coloristic landscape changes within a day, a season.
Polychromic solutions of open spaces of the living environment with the improved ecological characteristics are based on direct use of coloristic regularities of nature; therefore, coloristic palettes of local natural materials and the local range of plants prevail [2; 3; 7; 8].
As a rule, colors of elements of the artificial environment form group of stable visual and information links, and the polychromy of elements of the natural environment belongs to the group of dynamic links.
Stable coloristic links will organize the main polychromic structure, uniting color schemes of a significant number of facades of houses, and also, fixes the main accents, creating
or supporting a certain rhythmic row. One can say, stable coloristic links form a coloristic framework, which fixes characteristics of this environment and actively influences formation of stereotypes of its perception.
It is necessary to consider that in natural environment the color carries out generally two tasks — the function of camouflaging and the function of drawing attention. These functions are transformed for color elements of the living environment thus: for a housing estate neutral colors and nuance color combinations, and for such elements as the equipment of recreation areas, small architectural forms and means of visual information — active colors and contrast color combinations are used [4; 6; 8].
Stable coloristic links promote the organization of system of spatial reference points, which allows inhabitants to identify the environment easily, to associate themselves and the emotional spirit with a concrete place. Dynamic coloristic links help to realize the function of adaptation of the living environment, which relevance increases because of prompt acceleration of rate of life of the modern person.
Visual structuring spaces of the living environment must be carried out taking into account social, psychological and physiological features of perception of inhabitants. It is especially important to consider interests of people with the reduced sight and to increase the level of comfort of visual space, by means of the regulated use of colors and contrast color combinations, visual supportive means, which improve information and orientation qualities of open spaces of the living environment.
Thus it is necessary to pay much attention to the use of color for communication zones with allocation of borders and the directions of the movement, and also to formation of local colors of the recreational zones of the living environment intended for various age groups.
Efficiency of choice of harmonious color combinations for particular fragments of the visual living environment
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Section 2. Architecture
increases thanks to application of the principle of interested perception of scarce colors, additional to coloring of the local natural environment [1, 10-11].
The important condition of harmonization of polychromic composition of the modern living environment can be considered application of reception of color zoning across and the use of a limited color palette of anthropogenous and technogenic elements, the balanced inclusion of scarce (additional) colors for the surrounding natural environment [3, 125-130].
The method of application of alternation of color modules — shades of one color, similar colors or color combinations of groups of colors — promotes the organization of the complete coloristic environment.
The method of color emphasis gives the chance to draw attention to important visual elements of open spaces of the living environment and to support the necessary level ofvariety.
The method of seasonal compensation consists in use of the bright warm chromatic shades and combinations, which carry out the function of antidepressants during the autumn and winter period.
The method of inclusion of achromatic shades (mainly white and gray) in coloristic solutions of elements of the artificial environment can be used for demonstration of gradation of reflexes, which are well noticeable at bright lighting. Thanks to such optical effects, and also to the application of the glazed surfaces, the leveling ofborders of the object and the light and air environment will be reached.
Using this method in coloristic solutions of natural elements is expedient for correction of dark areas.
It is appropriate to use the method of borrowing of color combinations of natural elements if the natural landscape of this fragment of the living environment possesses high esthetic rates.
On the contrary, the inexpressive natural environment is possible to compensate by means of reception of coloristic enrichment, that is creation of multi-color complex compositions, and the use of contrast color combinations.
The essential role in periodic renewal of coloristic esthetics of open spaces of the living environment is played by seasonal changes of natural elements [4, 20-27]. Therefore coordination of sequence of color dynamics of trees, bushes, lawns, etc. is of great importance.
The system formation of color compositions — active coloristic accents — can be considered as one of the powerful tools of color saturation of the landscape of the living environment. Most of such coloristic elements forms dynamic links and provides the wide range of a variety of open spaces of the living environment.
The use of mobile elements of design from flower plants in containers and elements of gardening of balconies and windows makes it possible to fill the visual living environment with necessary quantity of composite color details.
Planting of surfaces, a widely used eco-design method, is effective to apply both to creation of accents, and as a neutral background.
In the evening and night time coloristic decisions are caused by the use of artificial lighting. Using gradation of shades of artificial lighting, it is possible to renew coloristic solutions of open spaces of the living environment, to allocate new coloristic accents and to reveal new visual characteristics of natural and artificial components. Artificial lighting plays a special role at creation of festive compositions [4, 56-61].
Organization of harmonious coloristic communications of open spaces of the living environment is caused by perception factors in the course of the motion and at rest, sequence of coloristic changes, quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
The movement pattern in the color environment causes the sequence of change of color combinations, and it means that the total effect of perception can have essential distinctions.
It is known that the same color or a combination of colors will be perceived differently by comparison to contrast, neutral or close shades. Besides, movement from a defined coloristic zone into another one can amplify or be neutralized, according to the level of contrast of zones which alternate [7, 13-15].
Thus color doesn’t carry out its functions separately, and actively interacts with such means of artistic expression as texture, plasticity, scale, rhythm, etc.
Harmonious coloristic decisions can be considered as powerful tools for activation of mechanisms of formation of open spaces of the modern living environment with the improved environmental characteristics.
References:
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