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ЕКОНОМ1КА: реали часу
№4(26), 2016
ECONOMICS: time realities
ПРОБЛЕМН1 ПИТАНИЯ ЕКОНОМ1КИ УКРАШИ ТА II РЕГ1ОН1В
ECONOMICS OF UKRAINE AND ITS REGIONS: PROBLEMATIC ISSUES
UDK 336.71.078.3
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
L.V. Frolova, Doctor of Economics, professor
Odessa nationalpolytechnical university, Odessa, Ukraine
A.V. Kulinskaya, PhD in Public Administration, Associate Professor
Donetsk national university of economy and trade of Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine
The situation which appeared in development of economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in the country, witnesses about miscalculations of conceptual nature, because banking activity as one of the most important sectors of economy, performs significant effect on all key components, hasn't got reasonable theoretical and methodological system reflection. At the same time, the bank sphere is described by high riskiness in comparison with other sectors of economy because this feature is caused by specifics of those functions which are performed by each subject of banking activity. Bank institutions have many partners, clients, borrowers whose financial condition influences their provision. Besides, banking activity is various and includes transactions of attraction, storage and transportation of a money, providing different types of financial services, release and security purchase, issuance of credits, factoring and another.
Therefore, in scientific publications of the last years it is paid much attention to a problematic of the Ukraine bank institutions functioning, of the crisis phenomena analysis in the banking sector and measures for liquidation of their consequences, of many directions and ways for improvement of their work. Such growth of attention to a complex of these questions is explained by the fact that economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine, despite the intensive growth of their scales, don't satisfy requirement of economy of national economy in full, didn't become a condition for forming of the powerful mechanism of ensuring monetary safety as bases of increase in profitability of
Фролова JI.B., Кулшсъка A.B. Особливостг формуваиия механизму забезпечення розвитку еконолпчнох безпеки банювсъко'г системы Украши.
3 метою дослщження особливостей формування мехашзму забезпечення розвитку економ1чно1 безпеки банювсько1 системи в стати проанагазовано методолопчш шдходи щодо розумшня проблеми оргашзацп ефективно!' системи башавсысш безпеки, систематизовано фактори, яю викликають загрози забезпеченню економ1чно1 безпеки в банювськш систем! краши та сформульовано систему обов'язкових умов ycniniHOï реапазацп економ1чно1 безпеки банмвсько1 системи Украши. Обгрунтовано необхщнють шдвищення р1вня управлшня eKOHOMÍ4HOK> безпекою банмвських установ та ïï швидко!' адаптацп щодо мшливих умов конкурентно!' боротьби в банмвському ceKTopi економпси Украши.
Ключовг слова: економ1чна безпека, баюавська система, банювський сектор, банювсью установи, банювська безпека
Фролова Л.В., Кулинская А.В. Особенности формирования механизма обеспечения экономической безопасности банковской системы Украины.
С целью исследования особенностей формирования механизма обеспечения экономической безопасности банковской системы в статье проанализированы методологические подходы к пониманию проблемы организации эффективной системы банковской безопасности, систематизированы факторы, которые вызывают угрозы обеспечению экономической безопасности в банковской системе страны и сформулировано систему обязательных условий успешной реализации экономической безопасности банковской системы Украины. Обоснована необходимость повышения уровня управления экономической безопасностью банковских учреждений и ее быстрой адаптации к изменяющимся условиям конкурентной борьбы в банковском секторе экономики Украины.
Ключевые слова: экономическая безопасность, банковская система, банковский сектор, банковские учреждения, банковская безопасность
Frolova L.V., Kulinska A.V. Features offormation of the mechanism of ensuring economic security of the banking system of Ukraine.
To study specific features of formation of the mechanism of ensuring economic security of the banking system the article analysed methodological approaches to understanding the problems of organisation of effective system of banking security, systematic factors that cause threats to economic security in the banking system of the country and formulated a system of obligatory conditions of successful implementation of the banking system economic security of Ukraine. The necessity of improving the level of management of economic safety of banking institutions and its rapid adaptation to changing conditions of competition in the banking sector of Ukraine's economy.
Keywords: economic security, banking system, banking sector, banking services, banking security
subjects of national economy, and, on the contrary,
became catalysts of bank crisis.
Analysis of recent researches and publications
It should be noted, that else before bank crisis local scientists and experts expressed various opinions on growth of risks in a bank system, in particular, because of aggressive credit policy of bank institutions. At the moment bank crisis became a reality, in world and in national scales, it exerts a negative impact on real production sector. Therefore, scientific works of such famous foreign scientists such as Keynes J., Fisher I., Friedman M., Hicks J., also running domestic specialists of banking such as Batrymenka V., Heyets V., Diba M., Kirichenko O. and Melesyka S. [2-3], Nidzelskoyi I. [4], Sido-rova A., Savluk M. [6], Strelbitskiy L. and Strel-bitskiy M. [7], Tkachenko A. [5], Jaremenko S. are devoted to a research of the main aspects of economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine.
Unsolved aspects of the problem
According to banking specialists, a concept as "system of bank safety" or "an economic safety of a bank institution" are still insufficiently researched, and there were no evidence-based concept and the mechanism of ensuring development of bank safety of Ukraine, classification of potential sources of threats of bank safety of the country, the detailed characteristic of economic regulators of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine, as will be made in this article as one of the main stages of carrying out scientific research which is devoted to forming of the mechanism of ensuring an economic safety of Ukrainian bank system.
The purpose of article is a development of the mechanism of ensuring an economic safety of a Ukrainian bank system which is directed to increase in level of management of an economic safety of bank institutions and quick adaptation to the changing conditions of competitive struggle in the banking sector of national economy. The main part
According to some experts, Ukrainian bank system can be considered as one of the most protected systems about what witnesses tight standards of certification of the National Bank of Ukraine, domination of the government law enforcement agencies in questions of technical equipment of bank institutions and rather poor, in comparison with some foreign countries, statistics of financial crimes. Other banking specialists consider that economical and managerial provisions of the bank institutions safety development in the country require serious reforms, beginning from legislative ensuring and state regulation of banking activity and finishing with system of training of staff, and also functions or powers of security services of bank institutions [1].
Therefore, the concept "bank safety of the state" is considered differently, and, more precisely, experts and scientists-economists differently determine
accents. Kirichenko O. considers [2-3], "... bank safety - system of measures which provides security of propertied interests, clients, workers and a management of bank from external and internal threats". According to Kirichenko O. [2-3], the level of security is described by a capability of bank to resist to attempts direct illegal penetration into premises of bank with a criminal objective, and to attempts to cause damage to bank from competitors by intervention in activities, acquisition of influence on bank for the purpose of implementation of financial swindles or frauds, laundering of "dirty money", their illegal transfers abroad and so forth.
For example, according to Nidzelskaya I. [4], questions of ensuring bank safety in Ukraine are urgent for her subjects, and also for other participants of the market relations. Certainly, first of all, owners of bank institutions, shareholders who care for business development and bear for it material, moral and social responsibility decide with this problem. Economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development disturb also a clientele, that is legal entities and physical persons which are investors, borrowers of the credits or users of services. Considering it, Nidzelskaya I. [4] emphasizes that safety of functioning and development of a bank institution it is necessary to understand, first of all, safety of bank as the structure and safety of banking activities.
However, considering of the bank institutions safety development through a prism of the organisation, it is necessary to focus attention, as on its external, and internal to the environment. The external environment in which it is forced to function a bank institution is recommended to be considered as result of influence of actions from clients, partners, competitors and state bodies, and personnel, namely specialists or managers of its departments, informal groups, and also administrations of the organisation and its owners creates the internal bank environment. Often a background for this purpose is incompetence of certain specialists and banking managers, deliberate actions or desires of workers to be enriched at the expense of bank institution opportunities, including collusion to a clientele, and also to potential competitors. Concerning safety of banking activities, it is of not smaller interest as concerns essence of banking activity and is directly connected with of the bank institutions safety development. The technology of professional violations and use of the operating order and rules, shortcomings and violations in a bank institution in private interests of personnel and its owners, and also for the benefit of the competing banks or the non-bank (financial and credit) institutions are of special interest [5].
Savluk M. [6] treats of the bank institutions safety development as: a condition of steady activity which provides implementation of the bank purpose and its main interests, protection against the internal or external destabilising factors irrespective of banking operating conditions; property timely and adequately to react to all negative manifestations of the internal
EKOHOMIKA: peoaiï uacy
№4(26), 2016
ECONOMICS: time realities
or external environment of a bank institution; the capability to resist to infringement of activities and image of a bank institution, to create effective protection against internal or external threats.
By consideration of the main approaches to determination of the concept "bank safety" provided by banking specialists we draw a conclusion that effec-
tive implementation of economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development tin Ukraine depends on accomplishment of the following consecutive measures of ensuring bank safety which are classified on the basis of sources systematisation (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The organisation of effective system of bank safety in Ukraine
Source: Classified by the author on the basis of systematisation of sources
Considering importance of economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development for forming of ensuring mechanism monetary safety as bases of profitability increase of managing subjects, development of ensuring mechanism of development in Ukrainian bank safety system shall be based on theoretic-methodological provisions of forming of financial component in economic safety in the conditions of national economy development, structural and functional aspects of the bank institutions safety development
and implementation of the strategic principles of monetary policy in the context of bank crisis.
Besides, to pass from multidimensional to consensus approach to understanding of the concept "system of bank safety" and to create the evidence-based concept or of ensuring mechanism of bank safety system development in Ukraine, in work we formulated methodological approaches on the basis of which we carried out the complex analysis of economic regulators of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine that is one of stages of carrying out this research (tab. 1).
Table 1. Genesis of methodological approaches to understanding of a problem of effective
system of bank safety organisation
Category Approaches
dualistic system and target criterion
System of bank safety researches of a safety bank system in Ukraine, on the basis of this approach, assume the analysis of anti-recessionary potential and potential of bank institutions development this approach considers system of bank safety in Ukraine as the multistage system oriented to achievement of a resulting effect - increase in level of social and economic development The main approach to studying of system of bank safety consists in assessment of potentials adequacy of the national economy banking sector, the developed bank risks level
Source: Classified by the author on the basis of systematisation of sources
Application of criterion approach to understanding of a problem of bank safety effective system organisation allowed revealing the main criterion of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine is a stability of a bank institution economic safety. Determination of economic bank safety as subcollection of a trade and bank secrecy protection is
widespread in economic literature, however in conceptual aspect its meaning is determined by a subject of all bank safety because any bank losses (material, personnel, and information) have economic consequences.
For example, Kirichenko V. and Melesik S. [2] note that the essence of an economic safety in a bank
system consists in effective use of its resources on prevention of threats in bank institutions and creations of stable functioning and profit maximisation conditions. At the same time scientists consider that the level of an economic safety of a bank institution is determined that, how effectively services manage to prevent threats and to eliminate damages from a negative impact of external factors on a bank system.
According to Strelbitskaya L. and Strel-bitsky M. [7], the economic safety of the country bank system provides such condition behind which financial stability or reputation can't be undermined by purposeful actions of a certain group of, the organisations or a financial situation which develops in and out of national economy banking sector.
And according to Yaremenko S. [8], economic bank safety is a condition which provides stability and economic development of economy banking sector, the guaranteed protection of its financial or material resources, a capability adequately and without essential losses to react to changes of an internal or external situation. At the same time he focuses attention that an economic safety of a bank institution as main economic component of bank safety, it is caused by aspiration of bank institutions to increase in profit and bitter competitive struggle, limitation of their forming financial resources and sources, an unstable economic situation and its unexpected changes and the increased risk of carrying out banking activities in modern conditions.
It is possible to draw a conclusion, that the economic safety of a bank system assumes providing conditions for effective carrying out by bank
institution transactions and implementation of deals, rational use of credit and financial resources, reliable transportation of a cash and values, the correct operation of banks machinery and equipment that became a basis for development of system compulsory conditions successful implementation economic safety of country bank system (fig. 2).
Therefore, considering intrinsic characteristics of bank system economic safety in Ukraine that is determined in the course of the research, and compulsory conditions of its successful implementation which are systematised on the basis of the considered sources generalisation, in work are formulated consensus approach to understanding of the concept "economic safety of a bank institution" as the constituting economic safety of a bank system: "the economic safety of a bank institution is a result of a condition achievement of a bank institution economic interests security, shown in implementation process of its purposes or tasks, and consists in forming of favourable conditions for implementation of all types of banking activity which are provided by the charter".
It is known, that the existing condition of a bank system economic safety or its bank institutions it is far from requirements which are imposed by the present stage of society social and economic development. Despite efforts which are made by public authorities and also banking activity subjects, in case of the strategic principles implementation of monetary policy of in bank and currency crises context, periodically arise crises with a broad range of consequences - from local to world.
Fig. 2. System of compulsory provisions of successful implementation of economic safety
in Ukrainian bank system
Source: Elaborated by the author on the basis of systematisation of sources
EKOHOMIKA: peoaiï uacy
№4(26), 2OI6
ECONOMICS: time realities
Therefore to determine strategic reference points of level of a bank system economic safety and how effectively bank institutions can prevent threats or eliminate damage from a negative impact on the banking sector of national economy, in work, on the basis of sources systematisation, classifications of factors are formulated which cause threats to ensuring
an economic safety in a bank system that, in turn, can promote the prevention of the majority of problems which interfere or just complicate economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in the course of forming of ensuring mechanism monetary safety as bases of increase in profitability of national economy subjects (fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Systématisation of factors which cause threats to ensuring an economic safety
in Ukrainian bank system
Source: Classified by the author on the basis of systematisation of sources
In our opinion, support of an economic safety in a bank system at appropriate level and fixed enhancement is the main component of strategic management by economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine.
The offered three-level system of indicators of strategic decisions on management assessment of
bank institutions economic safety provides at the top level of system an integrated indicator of level of a bank system economic safety, on the second - the main performance indicators of banking activity, on the third - primary indicators which appear in balances or payment documents of bank institutions (tab. 2).
Table 2. Three-level system of indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an
economic safety of bank institutions
System levels Indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an economic safety of a bank institution
1 2
Integrated indicator of assessment of level of an economic safety of a bank system in the country Level of an economic safety of a bank institution can be estimated one quantitative index which is based on such parameters as an indicator of profitability, liquidity, groWth rates and capital adequacy. In this case the integrated indicator plays a role of the independent expert as it can give a summary assessment of level of an economic safety of a bank system, in particular, to profitability, liquidity, growth rates, capital adequacy. Besides, the offered size has value not only as integrated assessment of an economic safety of a bank institution, however, first of all as an indicator of organisation sequence, implementation and solution of managerial tasks. Determined that, knowing dynamics of the integrated indicator of assessment of level of an economic safety of a bank system which unites information on profitability of banking activities, liquidity of bank assets and growth rates of banking capital, a bank institution management, first of all, can be informed about condition of bankings in competitive struggle in the market, and secondly, maybe beforehand in time, that is before emergence of emergency situations, to be prepared for possible shocks in the banking sector.
Continuation of table 2
1 2
Main indicators of efficiency of banking activity The three-level system of indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an economic safety of bank institutions at the second level assumes application of the main indicators of efficiency of banking activity, in particular, which were considered at the first system level-indicators of liquidity, profitability, growth rates, banking capital sufficiency. Besides, information which we obtained with their help - basic data for calculations of arguments of an integrated indicator of assessment of level of an economic safety of a bank system.
Primary indicators which appear in payment documents The third level of system of indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an economic safety of bank institutions is formed by primary indicators which use as initial information for a research of retrospective and actual state of bank institutions which is necessary for the analysis of accomplishment of strategic decisions a process.
Source: Own elaboration
Fig. 4. Interaction of components of ensuring mechanism an economic safety of Ukrainian bank system
Source: Own elaboration
Therefore, the offered combination of the considered components of an economic safety of Ukrainian bank system which consists of approach to determination of essence of an economic safety in a bank system, systems of compulsory provisions of successful implementation of an economic safety of a bank system, classification of the factors causing threats to ensuring an economic safety in a bank system, three-level system of indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an economic safety of bank institutions and the formulated consensus approach to understanding of the concept "economic safety in a bank institution" allowed to create the mechanism of ensuring an economic safety of Ukrainian bank system which is directed to increase in level of management of an economic safety of bank institutions and fast adaptation to the changing conditions of competitive struggle in the economy banking sector, what is an obligatory element of forming of ensuring mechanism monetary safety in the country as bases of increase in profitability of managing subjects (fig. 4).
Conclusions
Thus, the research of the main tendencies of economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine allowed formulating methodological approaches on the basis of which we carried out the complex analysis of economic regulators of the bank institutions safety development in Ukraine.
Considering intrinsic characteristics of an economic safety in a bank system of the country that is determined in the course of the research, and a condition of its successful implementation which are systematised on the basis of generalisation of the considered sources are formulated consensus approach concerning the concept "economic safety of a bank institution" as the constituting economic safety of national economy bank system.
We classified factors which cause threats to ensuring an economic of safety in a bank system that, in turn, can promote the prevention of the majority of problems which interfere or just complicate
economical and managerial bases of the bank institutions safety development when forming ensuring mechanism monetary safety as bases of increase in profitability of managing subjects.
The offered three-level system of indicators of assessment of strategic decisions on management of an economic safety of bank institutions provides at the top level of system an integrated indicator of level of an economic safety of a bank system, on the second - the main performance indicators of banking activity, on the third - primary indicators which appear in balances or payment documents of bank institutions
as an important element of development of a technique of the formulation of criteria and principles of ensuring an economic safety of a bank system and its organisations.
In the course of the analysis of the existing system of economic standard which influences forming of an economic safety of a bank system or its structures conditions of safety of banking activity are systematized, observance or effective implementation of which will allow to eliminate defects which interfere with safety of banking institutions development and a bank system in Ukraine in general.
Abstract
In recent years scientific publications turn much attention to the problems of functioning of banking institutions in Ukraine, analysis of the crisis phenomena in the banking sector and measures to eliminate their consequences, multiple direction and ways of improving their work. This growing attention to these issues due to the fact that economic and managerial bases of safety in the banking institutions development in Ukraine, despite the intensive growth of their size, do not meet the needs of the economy national economy in full, did not become a condition for the formation of a strong mechanism to ensure monetary security as a basis for improving the yield of constituent entities of the national economy, but rather became catalysts to the banking crisis.
The purpose of this article is to develop a mechanism of ensuring economic security of the banking system in Ukraine, which aims at improving the level of management of economic safety of banking institutions and rapid adaptation to changing conditions of competition in the national economy banking sector.
Consequently, the proposed combination is considered part of the economic security of Ukrainian banking system, which consists of approaches to definition of essence of economic security in the banking system, the mandatory conditions for a successful implementation of the banking system economic security, the classification of the factors causing threats of economic security in the banking system, three level system of indicators for evaluation of strategic decisions in management of economic safety of banking institutions and formulated a consensus approach to the understanding of the concept «economic safety of a banking institution» and helped establish a mechanism for ensuring economic security of the banking system in Ukraine, which aims at improving the level of management of economic safety of banking institutions and rapid adaptation to changing conditions of competition in the banking sector, which is a mandatory element forming the mechanism to ensure monetary security of the country as bases of increase of profitability of business entities.
JEL Classification: E5, G23, G28.
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Надано до редакцшно! колеги 29.07.2016
Фролова Лариса Володимирiвна / Larysa V. Frolova
Кулшська Анжела BiKropiBra / Anzhela V. Kulinska
Посилання на статтю / Reference a Journal Article:
Features of formation of the mechanism of ensuring economic security of the banking system of Ukraine [Електронний ресурс] / L. V. Frolova, A. V. Kulinska // Економта: реалп часу. Науковий журнал. - 2016. -№ 4 (26). - С. 13-20. - Режим доступу до журн.: http://economics.opu.ua/files/archive/2016/n4.html
