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Botirova S., associate professor Department of Natural Sciences, Academy of Armed Forces of the
Republic of Uzbekistan FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN NATURAL SCIENCES
Abstract: This article discusses key features in the development of modern natural sciences.
Key words: natural sciences, science, development, worldview, physics, biology
The main structure of cognition in the most developed branches of natural science is the analysis of the subject of study, the expression of abstract elementary objects and the subsequent logical synthesis of them as a single whole in the form of a theoretical model. Two circumstances make it difficult for society to understand modern science. First, the use of the most complicated mathematical apparatus, which must first be studied. Secondly, the inability to create a visual model of modern scientific concepts: curved space; a particle, which is simultaneously a particle and a wave, etc. The way out of the situation is simple - there is no need to try to do it. Natural science XX - XXI centuries makes us refuse not only direct visualization, but also visualization as such. The rejection of the visibility of scientific ideas is an inevitable payment for the transition to the study of deeper levels of reality that do not correspond to the evolutionarily developed mechanisms of human perception.
A fundamental feature of the structure of scientific activity is the separation of science into relatively disciplined disciplines. This has its positive side, since it will enable the study of individual fragments of reality in detail, but at the same time, the connections between them are overlooked, and in nature, everything is interconnected and interdependent. The disunity of the sciences is especially hindering now that the need for comprehensive integrative studies of the environment has emerged. Nature is one. The science that studies all the phenomena of nature should be united. Another fundamental feature of science is the desire to abstract oneself from a person, to become as impersonal as possible. This once positive feature of science makes it now inadequate to reality and responsible for environmental difficulties, since man is the most powerful factor in changing reality. In addition to the aforementioned, it is possible to add the warnings that science and technology contribute to social oppression, in this connection calls are heard for the separation of science from the state.
The paradoxes of the development of science include the fact that science, on the one hand, provides objective information about the world and at the same time destroys it (with various experiments) or something is destroyed on the basis of scientific information (types of life, non-reproducible resources).But most importantly, science is losing hope of making people happy and giving them truth. Science not only studies the development of the world, but is itself a process, factor and result of evolution, and it must be in harmony with the evolution of the world. A feedback loop should be formed between science and other aspects of life, which
would regulate the development of science. An increase in the diversity of science should be accompanied by integration and an increase in orderliness, and this is called the formation of science at the level of a holistic integrative-diverse harmonious system. In the modern worldview, two orientations have been formed on the attitude towards science and the scientific and technological revolution:- the first orientation, which was called scientism (from Lat. scientia - science). It is in our time, when the role of science is truly huge, there was scientism associated with the concept of science, especially natural science, as the highest, if not absolute value. This scientific ideology stated that only science can solve all the problems facing humanity, including immortality. In the framework of scientism, science is considered as the only sphere of spiritual culture in the future that will absorb its irrational areas.- in contrast to this direction also loudly declared itself in the second half of the XX century. anti-scientism, which dooms science either to extinction, or to an eternal opposition to nature. Anti-scientism proceeds from the provision on the fundamental limitations of the possibilities of science in solving fundamental human problems, and in its manifestations evaluates science as a force hostile to man, refusing it a positive impact on culture. She argues that although science increases the welfare of the population, it also increases the danger of the death of mankind and the Earth from nuclear weapons and environmental pollution.
Natural science is a product of civilization and a condition for its development. With the help of science, a person develops material production, improves social relations, forms and educates new generations of people, and heals his body. The progress of natural science and technology significantly changes the lifestyle and well-being of people, improves the living conditions of people. Natural science is one of the most important engines of social progress. As the most important factor in material production, natural science acts as a powerful revolutionary force. Most of modern material civilization is impossible without the participation in its creation of scientific theories, research and development developments, predicted by science of technology, etc. In the modern world, science causes people not only admiration, but also fears. Often possible to hear that science brings to man not only benefits, but also great misfortunes. "Air pollution, catastrophes at nuclear power plants, increased radioactive background from nuclear weapons tests, an ozone hole above the planet, a sharp reduction in plant and animal species are all these and other environmental problems people are inclined to explain by the very fact of the existence of science, but it is not a matter of science, but in whose hands it is located, what social interests stand behind it, what social and state structures direct its development.
Science is a complex social institution, and it is closely connected with the development of the whole society. The complexity and inconsistency of the current situation is that science is, of course, involved in the generation of global and, above all, environmental, problems of civilization (not by itself, but as part of society dependent on other structures); and at the same time, without science, without its further development, the solution of all these problems is in principle impossible. And this means that the role of science in the history of mankind is constantly
growing. And therefore, any diminution of the role of science and natural science is extremely dangerous at present; it both disarms humanity before the growing global problems of the present. Unfortunately, such a diminution sometimes takes place; it is represented by certain mindsets and tendencies in the system of spiritual culture.
Literature:
1. Раджабов О.Р. ОСОБЕННОСТИ В РАЗВИТИИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ НАУКИ // Современные проблемы науки и образования. - 2006. - № 1
2. Mamajonova G.K. Bioethics - A component of culture: development tendencies and basic features// International Journal on Integrated Education -2019. - Volume 2, Issue IV, Sep-Oct. 116-118
"Экономика и социум" №11(66) 2019
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